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Groundwater Problems and Solutions in Provinces of Zuid-Holland (The Netherlands) and Hebei (China)

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Groundwater Problems and Solutions in Provinces of Zuid-Holland (The Netherlands) and Hebei (China) Groundwater problems and solutions in provinces of Zuid-Holland (The Netherlands) and Hebei (China) A comparison in order to improve the cooperation between the two provinces Chenyang Zhao Bachelor Thesis in Land and Water Management 2010 Supervised by: Mr. Hans van den Dool Mrs. Tirza Molegraaf - 1 - Groundwater problems and solutions in provinces of Zuid-Holland (The Netherlands) and Hebei (China) Chenyang Zhao Bachelor of Engineering Thesis in Land and Water Management 2010 Supervisor in Van Hall Larenstein Supervisor in Province Zuid-Holland Mr. Hans van den Dool Ms.ir. Tirza Molegraaf Coordinator Senior Policy Advisor P.O. Box 9001, 6880 GB Velp P.O.Box 90602, 2509 LP The Hague The Netherlands The Netherlands Tel: +31(0)26 369 5717 Tel: +31 70 441 81 31 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] - 2 - Summary Since the friendly cooperation between Zuid-Holland and Hebei started in 1993, the science and technology cooperation had been carried out in many fields. Considering my various backgrounds and my personal interest, I looked for the differences in the current urban groundwater management between Province of Zuid-Holland and Hebei and the ways to improve the exchange of expertise and cooperation. During my research, I used interview, literature study and practical study to get the answers for my research questions. I gave general overviews of the groundwater situation in two provinces and the effects of climate change to take readers into my research. Moreover, I gave the history and the development of the water policies. In the same chapter, the different policies and organizations of water authorities were also given as a foundation of the further research and let both provinces aware the political differences. In addition, the classification of general groundwater problems was given and groundwater problems itself and groundwater management problems were analyzed. Following the problems analysis, the best practices of the two provinces as well as the possibilities to apply their solutions and experience during dealing with the groundwater problems were given. The conclusion of my research is two provinces still got a lot of potentials for the cooperation. But the processing of the cooperation could be faster. - 3 - Acknowledgement This thesis would not have been possible unless Mr. Hans van den Dool offered me the opportunity to do an internship for my final part of study in Van Hall Larenstein. He gave precious comments on my thesis and a lot of support for my internship. I owe my deepest gratitude to Mrs. T. Molegraaf that she offered me this opportunity to do my research in the Water Bureau in the Province of Zuid-Holland. She helped me a lot during my working in the PZH and with the useful research materials as well as the comments on my thesis. She also gave me a rare chance to join the mission in March. It is a pleasure to thank Mr. J.G. Meijles, for his tutorial on my research and valuable comments on Chapter 2, 3, 4 and 5. I am grateful to Mr. Xu Zhenci and Mr. Eric Oosterhof for their valuable comments and discussions throughout the interviews and for their open-minded attitude towards my research done. The Water Bureau in the Province of Zuid-Holland is a very pleasant place to work, with friendly and enthusiastic colleagues. There were always possibilities for vivid discussion and, also important, there was always someone helping me out in case of practical and technical problems. Chenyang Zhao June 1st, 2010 - 4 - Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................. ‐ 6 ‐ 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... ‐ 7 ‐ 2. OUTLINE OF GROUNDWATER SITUATIONS.................................................... ‐ 11 ‐ 2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... ‐ 11 ‐ 2.2 PROVINCE OF ZUID‐HOLLAND ................................................................................ ‐ 11 ‐ 2.3 PROVINCE HEBEI ................................................................................................. ‐ 20 ‐ 2.4 CONCLUSIONS..................................................................................................... ‐ 28 ‐ 3. POLICIES AND ORGANIZATIONS IN BOTH PROVINCES ................................... ‐ 29 ‐ 3.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... ‐ 29 ‐ 3.2 IN THE PROVINCE OF ZUID‐HOLLAND .......................................................................‐ 29 ‐ 3.3 IN HEBEI PROVINCE ............................................................................................. ‐ 33 ‐ 4. MAIN PROBLEMS ON GROUNDWATER.......................................................... ‐ 35 ‐ 4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... ‐ 35 ‐ 4.2 IN GENERAL ........................................................................................................ ‐ 35 ‐ 4.3 GROUNDWATER PROBLEMS AND GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS ...................‐ 36 ‐ 4.4 GROUNDWATER QUALITY POLLUTION ......................................................................‐ 39 ‐ 5. LESSONS CAN BE LEARNED FROM BOTH SIDES.............................................. ‐ 42 ‐ 5.1 BEST PRACTICE IN PROVINCE OF ZUID‐HOLLAND ........................................................‐ 42 ‐ 5.2 BEST PRACTICE AND FUTURE PLANS IN HEBEI PROVINCE ..............................................‐ 43 ‐ 5.3 LESSONS TO BE LEARNED FROM BOTH SIDES ..............................................................‐ 44 ‐ 6. DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................. ‐ 46 ‐ REFERENCE ....................................................................................................... ‐ 49 ‐ APPENDIX ......................................................................................................... ‐ 51 ‐ - 5 - Abbreviations PZH Province of Zuid-Holland HP Hebei Province NAP Normaal Amsterdams Peil: Amsterdam Ordnance Datum KNMI Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut: Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute NITG-TNO Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO: Netherlands Institute of Aplied Geoscience TNO- National Geological Survey N Nitrogen Fe-Mn Ferrimanganic F Fluorine NPRC National Provisional Ruling Council DRC Development and Reform Commissions EWFD European Water Framework Directive PMG Provinciale Meetnetten Grondwaterkwaliteit: procincial groundwater quality monitoring networks LMG Landelijk Meetnet Grondwaterkwaliteit: national groundwater quality monitoring network - 6 - 1. Introduction As the final part of my study in the Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Science, this thesis offered me the possibility to express my knowledge gained throughout my four years college education. Therefore, I expressed my work and research ability in the Water and Environment Department in Province Zuid-Holland by formulating a thesis problem and providing the recommendations. The central objective of this thesis is to contribute to the cooperation of integrating groundwater management by a better understanding of groundwater problems between Province Zuid-Holland in the Netherlands and Hebei in China. In particular I aim to compare the different elements that influence the groundwater management and different reference levels to define the problems. The aim of the current chapter is to bring you into my research and show the background information about the stage of cooperation project in general (Section 1.1), Problems analysis of the groundwater (Section 1.2) and the Methodology of my research (Section 1.3). Finally, an outline of the thesis as the last section of the introduction will provide a guidance for reading. 1.1 Background of the cooperation Since the friendly cooperation between Zuid-Holland and Hebei started in 1993, the science and technology cooperation had been carried out in many fields. Two province governors signed a three-year memorandum of understanding about cooperation projects in September 2006 and started 3 water cooperation objects. In June 2009, both provinces were hoping to continue the cooperation about water resources development and management and the related scientific and technological cooperation. In the following two months, the memorandum of understanding has been formal signed in 25th October 2009 by the Water Resources Department of Hebei Province and the Water& Environmental Protection Bureau in Zuid-Holland. In March 2010, the water department in Hebei Province visited the Zuid-Holland. During the meeting of future cooperation, the two departments discussed to set up a pilot project on groundwater monitoring and management in Hebei. PZH will use the pilot area as an example (to do the operation, get the sample). The provinces will offer governmental input on permits, policy and management. At the end of 2011, they will organize one big International Conference in Hebei.1 1 Refer to the Reference list in the back. - 7 - 1.2 Problem analysis In many urban areas there are cases in which local aquifers are not able to meet the quantity and quality of water needs of the growing population. In other cases the factors which induce unaware water policy makers to discourage groundwater use are the result of poor management, lack of protection and other interests [Emilio Custodio, 1997]. The
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