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Thesis-1985D-D725f I I Thesis-1985D-D725f Dissertation Doty, Dale Robert, Jra, 1953- Page Number ~ \\ D Images D Foldouts D Maps D Scanned D Clean-up D PDF D Archive D MS F Projects Verified Date FAMILY THERAPY -SUPERVISION: ASSESSMENT OF SKILL ATTAINMENT BY TRAINEE AND SUPERVISOR By DALE ROBERT DOTY, JR. II Bachelor of Science Oral Roberts University Tulsa, Oklahoma 1976 Master of Social Work University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 1977 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May, 1985 Copyright by Dale Robert Doty, Jr. May, 1985 ii FAMILY THERAPY SUPERVISION: OF AND SUPERVISOR Thesis Approved: Thesis Adviser :!~Al~~ Dean of the Graduate College iii 1236036 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The completion of doctoral studies, in general and this thesis in particular, would not have been possible without the loving support of my wife, Sue. She and my son, Timothy, have sacrificed many hours and have willingly given up family income for this project. Other members of my family have contributed through the years to my education. My parents, Dale Robert Doty, Sr., now deceased, and Joan Parr. taught me a lot about how families function. They both instilled in me a desire to learn and get a good education. My in-laws, and second parents, have supported me in many ways. They have volunteered their time in my office and have contributed support to my wife and son when I was unavailable. My best friend and pastor, Rev. Bob Petterson, has been an encourager in many ways when stress and demands on me were high. Bob has helped me understand experientially the value of friendship. I appreciate the members and former members of my staff at Christian Family Institute. They have all ~een team members on this and many other projects. In particular, I want to thank my devoted secretaries- Brenda Watson, Patricia Tolbert, and Sue Doty. They have guarded me from iv unnecessary interruption and completed many tasks which I would otherwise have had to complete myself. Special thanks to fellow therapists, esteemed professionals, and friends: Jerry Duncan, Ph.D.; Shedd McWilliams, Ph.D.; Mary Mihelich, M.A.; Rita McCarthy, M.A.; Steve Anderson, M. Div.; and Su An Arnn, M.S.N., (Ph.D. Candidate). Each member of my team is willing to go the extra mile for me. Thank you. I want to express my appreciation to members of my committee. In particular, I thank Dr. David Fournier, Professor of Family Relations and Child Development and my thesis adviser for his excellent guidance. He has consistently assisted, encouraged, and challenged me to grow as as family professional. Dr. Frances Stromberg, Department Head of Family Relations and Child Development and chairperson for my committee has been a valuable adviser since before I began doctoral studies. Dr. Alfred Carlozzi, Professor of Applied Behavioral Studies, and Dr. Beulah Hirschlein, Professor of Home Economics Education and Director of Home Economics University Extension, have both served as consultants and advisers. My supervisors from the Menninger Foundation assisted me in polishing my family therapy skills. A special thanks is deserved by Steve Jones, M.S.W., and Mariane Riche, M.S.W. Dr. Richard Bollinger is an excellent teacher of teachers and challenged me to learn the science of supervision. v This research project would not have been possible without the assistance of Steve Jones, M.S.W., Director of the Family Therapy Training Program of the Menninger Foundation and Dr. Donald Shoulberg, Director of the Kansas City office of the Menninger Foundation. Each of these men aided me greatly in collecting data from trainees. Last and by no means least, I especially want to recognize Marilyn Smith. Marilyn freely gave countless hours over the years as my transcriptionist, typist, and all around assistant. Thank you, Marilyn. God has richly blessed me with many friends, companions, advisers, helpers, and colleagues. I thank God for these and many others I do not have time or space to name. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION..................................... 1 Statement of the Problem.................... 5 Purpose and Significance of the Study....... 7 Hypotheses.. 9 General Hypotheses..................... 9 Definition of Key Terms .••••••••.••••••••••• 10 Summary. • • • • . • • . • • . • • . • . • • • . • . • • • • . • • . • • • • . 1 3 II. LITERATURE REVIEW •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 14 The History of Family Therapy •••••••••••••.• 15 Approaches to Family Therapy .••••••••.•••••• 17 Psychodynamic Family Therapy ••••••••••• 18 Experiential Family Therapy •••••••••••. 19 Behavioral Family Therapy •••••••••••••• 21 Extended-Family Therapy •••••••••••••••• 22 Structural Family Therapy •••••••••••••. 23 Strategic Family Therapy ••••••••••••••• 25 Supervision and Training Literature ••••••••• 26 Single Program Descriptions •••••••••••• 30 Methods of Supervision ••••••••••••••••• 36 Live Supervision •••••••••••••••••• 37 Video tape in Supervision ••••••••• 41 Team Consultation in Supervision •• 44 Co-Therapy..... 4 7 Setting Learning Objectives ••••••• 49 Focus on the Trainee's Own Family. 56 Theory and Supervision ••••••••••••••••• 59 Research on Supervision and Training ••• 62 Summary. • . • • . • • • . • . • • • • • . • . • • . • • • • • • . • . 66 III. METHODOLOGY •••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••.•••••••. 68 Research Design............................. 69 Research Sample ..•.•..•.......•••••••••••.•. 70 Training Program Descriptions •••••••••• 73 Trainee Requirements .••••••••••••• 73 Theoretical Orientation ••••••••••• 74 Training Format •••••••••.••••••••• 74 Supervision Assignment •••••••••••• 75 Supervision Process ••••••••••••••• 76 vii Chapter Page Research Instruments •••••••••••••••••••••••• 77 Family Therapy Skill Evaluation (FTSE). 77 Identification of Family Therapy Ski 11 s. 7 7 Reduction of Item Pool •••••••••••• 7g Subscales......................... 82 Engagement Skills •••••••••••• 82 Problem Identification Skills..................... 82 Change Facilitation Skills ••• 82 Termination Skills ••••••••••• 83 Background Information Form •••••••••••• 83 Additional Research Instruments •••••••• 84 Supervision Techniques Questionnaire ••••••••••••••••••• 84 Final Evaluation of the Program •••••••• 85 Seminar Evaluation Cards ••••••••••••••• 85 Data Collection ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 86 Data Analysis ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8g Coding for Analysis •••••••••••••••••••• 8g Hypotheses Tests ••••••••••••••••••• ~ ••• go Operational Hypotheses~ ••••••••••• go Statistics for Hypotheses Evaluation ••••••••••••••••••••• g1 Limitations................................. 93 IV. RESULTS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• g4 Sample Characteristics •••••••••••••••••••••• g4 Family Therapy Trainee's Skill Attainment ••• g4 Hypothesis I ••••••••••••••••••••••••• g7 Hypothesis II ••••••••••••••••••••••••• gg Hypothesis III ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 104 Hypothesis IV ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 107 Hypothesis V••••••••••••••••••••••••• 110 Hypothesis VI ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 113 Hypothesis VII ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 118 Summary ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 122 V. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY •••••••••••• 125 REFERENCES.............................................. 132 viii Chapter Page APPENDIXES..... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • . • • • 15 7 APPENDIX A - FAMILY THERAPY SUPERVISION ARTICLE CODING CRITERIA •.••••••••••••••••••••• 158 APPENDIX B - CODED FAMILY THERAPY TRAINING LITERATURE •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 160 APPENDIX C- TRAINING PROGRAM BROCHURE ••••••••••••• 171 APPENDIX D - FAMILY THERAPY SKILL EVALUATION (FTSE) 173 APPENDIX E- BACKGROUND INFORMATION FORM •••.••••••• 178 APPENDIX F- ADDITIONAL RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS ••••••• 185 APPENDIX G- CORRESPONDENCE WITH TRAINING PROGRAM •• 193 ix LIST OF TABLES Table Page Research Design ••••• @ ••• * •••••••••••• e............ 71 2 Family Therapy Skill Evaluation (FTSE) Construction................................... 80 3 Instrument Administration Schedule •••••••.••••••• 88 4 Selected Background Characteristics •••••••••••••• 95 5 Participant Professional Identification •••••••••• 96 6 Family Therapy Skill Evaluation Reliability •••••• 100 7 One-way Analysis of Variance of FTSE Scores by Method of Supervision •••••••••.•••••••••••••••• 103 8 ! Test of First Year Family Therapy Skill Evaluation Self Report .•••••••••••••••••••••.•• 106 9 FTSE Means by Period ANOVA •••••••••••.••••••••••• 109 10 ! Test of Supervisor Evaluations ••••••••••••••• 112 11 First Year Supervisor-Trainee FTSE! Test •••••• 115 12 Second Year Supervisor-Trainee FTSE t Test •.••• 116 13 Factor Analysis of Family Therapy Skill Evaluation ...•........... o .... o ••••••••••••••••• 120 X Abstract A thorough review of the literature indicates that very little research has been done to demonstrate that family therapy training is effective. This research was undertaken to answer the questions as to whether family therapy training produces change in trainees over time. The Family Therapy Skill Evaluation (FTSE) was constructed consisting of 40 items of family therapy skills divided into four subscales. This scale I was administered to 50 trainees and their supervisors in a large midwestern two-year family therapy training program. Skill attainment was measured at various times during the supervision and training process by the trainee himself and from
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