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Crisis Intervention in Child Abuse and Neglect Crisis Intervention in Child Abuse and Neglect U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect This manual was developed and produced by Circle Solutions, Inc., McLean, VA, under subcontract No. S-105-89-1730 with Westover Consultants, Inc. iii This page is intentionally left blank iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ATTRIBUTION ............................................................................................................................... vii PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................ ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................... xi OVERVIEW OF THE MANUAL ........................................................................................................1 UNDERSTANDING CRISIS ...............................................................................................................3 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................3 Definition of Crisis .........................................................................................................................3 Elements of Crises .........................................................................................................................3 Stress-Producing Situations ........................................................................................................3 Difficulties in Coping .................................................................................................................4 Parents with Chronic Coping Problems........................................................................................4 Timing of Intervention ...............................................................................................................6 The Phases of Crisis ......................................................................................................................6 Client Feelings During Crisis ...........................................................................................................7 Psychological Effects of Crisis ........................................................................................................8 Disorganized Thinking ...............................................................................................................8 Preoccupation With Insignificant Activities...................................................................................8 Expression of Hostility and Emotional Distancing ..........................................................................9 Impulsiveness ...........................................................................................................................9 Dependence..............................................................................................................................9 Threat to Identity ......................................................................................................................9 Summary.................................................................................................................................... 10 CRISIS INTERVENTION GOALS AND STEPS ................................................................................ 11 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 11 The Scope and Goals of Crisis Intervention .................................................................................... 11 Six Goals of Crisis Treatment ................................................................................................... 11 A Nine-Step Crisis Intervention Model............................................................................................ 12 Crisis Intervention Teams ............................................................................................................. 13 Investigation ........................................................................................................................... 13 iii Psychological First Aid ............................................................................................................ 14 Rehabilitative Crisis Intervention................................................................................................ 14 Overview of Teams Related to CPS ............................................................................................... 14 Specialized, Multidisciplinary Teams .............................................................................................. 15 Crisis as an Opportunity To Initiate Change .................................................................................... 15 Crisis Intervention as a Planned Response....................................................................................... 16 Presence Until Stress Is Reduced .............................................................................................. 17 Summary.................................................................................................................................... 17 CRISIS INTERVENTION ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................... 18 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 18 Total Family Involvement ............................................................................................................. 18 Assessment................................................................................................................................. 19 Making the Initial Contact......................................................................................................... 19 Identifying the Precipitating Event ............................................................................................. 19 Observing Family Interactions and Conditions ............................................................................ 20 Determining Family Needs........................................................................................................ 20 Assessing Risk ............................................................................................................................ 21 Screening Instruments.................................................................................................................. 22 Assessment of Other Special Issues ............................................................................................... 23 Suicide Potential...................................................................................................................... 23 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ................................................................................................ 23 Sex Offenders’ Ability To Change............................................................................................. 24 When Assessment Indicates a Lack of Safety for Children........................................................... 24 Summary.................................................................................................................................... 25 CRISIS INTERVENTION TREATMENT APPROACHES AND TECHNIQUES ......................................................................................................................... 26 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 26 Eclectic Knowledge Base.............................................................................................................. 26 Ability To Focus Self and Clients................................................................................................... 26 Approaches ................................................................................................................................. 27 A “Community Systems” and “Use of Community Resources” Approach...................................... 27 Multiple Impact or Multimodal Approach ................................................................................... 28 Cognitive Behavioral Approach.................................................................................................. 29 iv Task-Centered Approach.......................................................................................................... 29 The Family Treatment Approach............................................................................................... 30 The Eclectic Team Approach.................................................................................................... 30 Techniques ................................................................................................................................. 31 Use of Humor ......................................................................................................................... 31 Generalization ......................................................................................................................... 31 Self-Disclosure and Storytelling ...............................................................................................
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