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Myanmar Child-Centered Risk Assessment

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Myanmar Child-Centered Risk Assessment MYANMAR CHILD-CENTERED RISK ASSESSMENT First Edition - 2015 Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 5 ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................................... 6 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT AND INTENDED AUDIENCE ................................................................................. 8 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................... 9 Disaster Risk Reduction ............................................................................................................................. 9 The Case for Putting Children at the Center of the Risk Equation ............................................................ 9 Disaster Risk in Myanmar ....................................................................................................................... 10 UNICEF and DRR in Myanmar ................................................................................................................. 10 CHILD-CENTERED RISK ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................... 11 Limitations and Opportunities ................................................................................................................ 11 Multi-Hazard Mapping ............................................................................................................................ 12 Climate Change ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Exposure.................................................................................................................................................. 15 Vulnerability Mapping............................................................................................................................. 15 Capacity ................................................................................................................................................... 18 Child-Centred Risk Mapping ................................................................................................................... 18 USE OF CHILD-CENTERED RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................. 21 Advocacy on Child-Centred Resilience .................................................................................................... 21 Multi-sectoral Interventions ................................................................................................................... 21 Risk-informed Country Programming ..................................................................................................... 22 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 23 Table of Figures Figure 1: Myanmar: Natural Hazard Risks, OCHA, 2011 .................................................................. 27 Figure 2: Seismic Zone Map of Myanmar, PSHA Map, MGS, 2012 ................................................ 28 Figure 3: Myanmar Historical Seasonal Analysis: Population exposed to floods by year during the monsoon between 2000 and 2010, Ithaca/WFP, 2011 ............................................................... 29 Figure 4: Fire Risk Map, Myanmar Hazard Profile, Government of Myanmar, 2009 .................... 30 Figure 5: Technical Opinion, Ranking of Potential Tsunami Hazard in Myanmar, RIMES, 2014 31 Figure 6: Climate Change Vulnerability Index, NAPA, Government of Myanmar, 2012 ............... 32 Figure 7: RRD’s Warehousing Capacity ............................................................................................... 33 Figure 8: DRR Agencies’ Coverage per state/region, MIMU, January 2014 .................................. 34 2 3 FOREWORD Due to its geographical location, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is exposed to a wide range of natural disasters such as fires, floods, strong winds, storms, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, droughts and thunder storms. The worst disaster in the country’s history, cyclone Nargis hit the coastal areas of Myanmar in May of 2008, affecting 2.4 million people and leaving 138,373 people dead in its wake. The total damage and losses were estimated at 11.7 trillion Myanmar Kyats with the most devastating consequences for children, older people and women. The Republic of the Union of Myanmar accelerated its efforts on disaster risk management through the development of MAPDRR (Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction) in 2012, aligned with the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) and the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER). In addition, a Disaster Management Law was introduced in 2013 and assorted Rules and Regulations. MAPDRR has 7 components, of which component 2 focuses on hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment. The Disaster Management Law, Chapter VI section 13 sub-section (b) states that anyone with responsibility under the Law “shall give priority and protect infants, the elderly, the disabled and women (especially pregnant and lactating women) in carrying out (their) functions” including preparedness, prevention, response and rehabilitation. The Child-Centred Risk Assessment provides a visual representation of child-centred risk in different development programmes and in different State/Regions. Organizations working in Disaster Risk Management will find this Child-Centred Risk Assessment useful in complementing the goal of MAPDRR ‘To make Myanmar Safer and more Resilient against Natural Hazards, thus Protecting Lives, Livelihood and Developmental Gains’. Furthermore, it is believed to support the protection of Myanmar’s future, its children. U Soe Aung Director General, Relief and Resettlement Department 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The child-centred risk assessment (CCRA) was developed with the support of key counterparts from the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, who provided data and suggestions throughout the process, in particular the Relief and Resettlement Department, the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology and the Fire Services Department. The CCRA was conducted in close collaboration with the Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group (DRR WG) of Myanmar who contributed to the contextualisation of the regional methodology and indicators. Members of the DRR WG, in particular UN-Habitat, the Myanmar Earthquake Society, the Myanmar Engineering Society and the Myanmar Geo-Science Society, provided both data and technical expertise in support of the exercise. Inputs from the Regional Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (RIMES) were critical in assessing tsunami risk in Myanmar. UNICEF Myanmar thereby extends its gratitude to all the agencies and individuals that supported the CCRA process. The development, printing and dissemination of this report was made possible thanks to the generous support of the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID). Bertrand Bainvel Representative UNICEF, Myanmar 5 ACRONYMS CCA Climate Change Adaptation CCRA Child-Centred Risk Assessment DHS Demographic and Health Survey DMH Department of Meteorology and Hydrology DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DRR WG Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group HCT Humanitarian Country Team HFA Hyogo Framework for Action IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee IHLCA Integrated Households Living Condition Assessment MAPDRR Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MEC Myanmar Earthquake Committee MES Myanmar Engineering Society MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MIMU Myanmar Information Management Unit MGS Myanmar Geo-Science Society NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action RIMES Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System RRD Relief and Resettlement Department UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNDP United Nations Development Programme UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs WB World Bank WFP World Food Programme 6 7 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT AND INTENDED AUDIENCE As disasters are increasingly recognized as the outcome of poor development choices, resilience to natural and human-induced hazards is becoming an integral part of the concept of sustainable development. A quantitative and spatial risk assessment helps to better understand and operationalize disaster risk, and is therefore an essential tool for risk-informed planning and ultimately risk-informed development programming. Risk assessments normally overlay hazard risk information, population exposure, climate change vulnerability, some measure of socio-economic vulnerability and measures of local capacity to manage risk and disasters in order to assess relative levels of
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