AGS-20 IDU – ASN / Asnk ODU Document Number B.AGS-20.1.04.-15 Brochure SIAE MICROELETTRONICA S.P.A

AGS -20 IDU

Dual Native TDM/IP Microwave Radio

Document Number ALS Series – ALCplus2e IDU – AS/ASN ODU Brochure B.ALCPLUS2E 1.02. 11 SIAE MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved. The copyright of this document is the property of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Page S.p.A. No part of this document may be copied, reprinted or reproduced in any material form, whether wholly or in part, without the written consent of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Further, the contents of this document or the methods or techniques contained therein must not be disclosed to any person. 1 of 38 Data subject to change without notice.

Universal AGS-20 IDU – ASN / ASNk ODU Document Number B.AGS-20.1.04.-15 Brochure SIAE MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved. The copyright of this document is the property of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Page S.p.A. No part of this document may be copied, reprinted or reproduced in any material form, whether wholly or in part, without the written consent of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Further, the contents of this document or the methods or techniques contained therein must not be disclosed to any person. 2 of 38 Data subject to change without notice.

GENERAL INDEX

GENERAL INTRODUCTION ON AGS-20 IDU ...... 7 Applications ...... 8 Product Range ...... 9 ODUs application range ...... 9 IDU-ODU compatibility...... 10 Main Features ...... 10 NMS common Platform...... 11

IDU and ODU SYSTEM OVERVIEW...... 12 ASN/ASNk ODU Characteristics...... 12 AGS-20 Universal IDU- 1RU Compact ...... 15 Architecture ...... 15

Adaptive Modulation and Throughput ...... 17 Extra TDM traffic prioritization ...... 20 E1 prioritization configuration (example) ...... 21

ETHERNET CHARACTERISTICS ...... 22 Ethernet Frame mapping over Radio Link ...... 22 Ethernet Throughput ...... 22 Ethernet Interface characteristics ...... 22 QoS management ...... 23 Hierarchical QoS ...... 24 Ethernet Resiliency ...... 25 Level 2 priorities: ...... 25 IEEE 802.1Q VLANs ...... 26 VLAN stacking (QinQ) ...... 26 VLAN rewriting ...... 27 Ingress Filter Policing (CIR/EIR according to MEF 10.2) ...... 27 Traffic Management ...... 28

...... 29 Header compression ...... 30

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM...... 32 TMN Connection ...... 32 Management Functionalities ...... 32 Management Software ...... 32

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ...... 34 Physical Dimensions of system components ...... 34 Power supply ...... 34 Power Consumption (W) ...... 34 Environmental conditions ...... 35

Frequently requested standards compliances (Note1) ...... 35

APPENDIX 1: Radio Performances...... 37

ABBREVIATIONS

• ACM Adaptive Code Modulation • ATPC Automatic Transmission Power Control • BW Bandwidth • CAPEX Capital Expenditure • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check • DCCr Data Communication Channel Regenerator • DCN Data Communication Network • DSCP Different Service Code Point • ETH` Ethernet • FEC Forward Error Corrector • IDU Indoor Unit • IP Internet Protocol • IPV4 – IPV6 Internet Protocol Version 4 and Version 6 • IS-IS Intermediate system to intermediate system • LAN Local Area network • LCT Local Craft Terminal • MAC Media Access Control • MDI Medium Dependent Interface • MDIX Medium Dependent Interface Crossover • MPS Multiplex Section Protection • MSE Mean Square Error • MST Multiple Section Terminal • NE Network Element • NMS Network Management System • NML Network Manager • NMS5UX/LX SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Network Management System • ODU Outdoor Unit • OSI Open System Interconnection

• OSPF Open Shortest Path First • PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy • QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation • QoS Quality of Service • RU Rack Unit • SCT Subnetwork Craft Terminal • SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy • SNMP Simple Network Protocol Management • SPDH Super PDH • SW Software • TDM Time Division Multiplexing • TMN Telecommunication Management Network • ToS Type of Service • VLAN Virtual Local Area Network • WAN Wide Area Network • XPIC Cross Polar Interference Canceller

GENERAL INTRODUCTION ON AGS-20 IDU

The PDH/Ethernet ALS MW Radio series is the ideal solution for a wide range of applications in both access networks and backbone provisioning. It is also a competitive alternative or complement solution to optical fiber networks in any application that requires:

• Cost-effective, rapid deployment and modular implementation of a network

• Terrain independent connectivity

The AGS-20 IDU provides scalable data rates from 4 to 500Mbit/s per radio module with a single platform across the full range of licensed frequency bands.

A single shelf can manage up to 1Gbit/s with 1RU version. A unique distributed processing architecture allows expanding the node capacity up to 8xGbit/s.

A wide range of tributary interfaces and system configurations offer maximum versatility in system engineering and network planning. Ethernet traffic is handled by a powerful integrated switch able to manage VLANs, QoS and ToS.

Modularity options, commonalities, and extensive software management capabilities result in cost-effectiveness and scalability, yielding a product that will easily fulfill any future requirement.

Full SW licensing approach allows very smooth migration from pure TDM to IP networks, with very low initial CAPEX.

The ALS equipment is managed by an SNMP agent using communication ports that are able to connect to IP and OSI DCNs. This approach greatly simplifies integration efforts in existing NMS networks.

The IDU model available ranging from single board solutions to nodal implementations in which high capacities and complex protection schemes are required:

• AGS-20 IDU (Universal , for PDH and Ethernet traffic or a mix of them)

Two ODU versions have been designed with the target of being at the same time compact, light and easy to install/maintain and characterized by high performances:

• ASN ODU

• ASNk ODU

Applications The AGS-20 IDU has been conceived and designed to cover a wide range of applications, such as:

• 2G / 3G / LTE Cellular Network Infrastructure

• 10/100/1000 Mbit/s Ethernet connections

• WiMAX backhauling

• Private data Networks (WANs, LANs, etc.)

• Utility Networks (Railways, Pipelines, etc.)

• Back-up transmission medium to Fibre Optic links

• Spur Links for Backbones/Rings

• Last Mile Fibre Extension

• Leased Lines Replacement

• High Capacity IP Radio Ring Deployment

• High Capacity Broadband Access Networks

Product Range The AGS-20 IDU is available in all frequency bands from 6 GHz (6L and 6U) to 42 GHz (4GHz is also available), unduplicated or duplicated configuration and with radio capacity from 4 to 500Mbit/s per radio module with mixed TDM and ETH interfaces.

The modulation scheme is software programmable from 4QAM to 2048QAM for Universal AGS-20 IDU, with full featured hitless ACM. ALS exploits an innovative dual native radio engine capable of transmitting both native TDM (16xE1) and native ETH (up to 1Gbps).

ODUs application range

2048 QAM

1024QAM ASN/ASNk ODU 512 QAM 256QAM 128 QAM (PDH/Ethernet)

Modulation 64 QAM 32 QAM 16 QAM 4 QAM

16 E1 500 Mbps

Figure 1 - ODUs application range

IDU-ODU compatibility ASN /ASNk ODU

Universal AGS-20

Table 1 - IDU-ODU compatibility

Main Features Scalable capacity, integrated XPIC functionality, high performance and reliability, ease of installation, common NMS platform and cost effectiveness make the AGS-20 IDU the proper network solution for a wide set of network applications.

Both electrical and optical interfaces are available on the same terminal radio equipment.

Adaptive Code and Modulation allows the automatic selection of the optimum modulation scheme according to current radio link propagation conditions and on received signal’s quality can be software enabled; on the basis of received signal quality calculations, the AGS-20 IDU can increase the system gain when needed, thus forwarding the high priority traffic in bad propagation conditions too. In addition, the introduction of heavily coded modulation schemes allows the system to perform in challenging environmental conditions.

With ACM and traffic classification, each traffic class is assigned with its minimum required QoS, allowing easy overbooking of existing radio link, without any impact on antenna sizes and infrastructure hardware.

Universal AGS-20 IDU with its state-of-art high speed ACM can compensate fading speed up to 40dB/s; this allows easy network planning in very bad environment condition characterized of deep fading conditions and with fast fading phenomena (e.g multiple path interference for lower frequency bands)

In addition, user configurable ACM profiles allow per-link optimization with the possibility to full customize adaptive modulation behavior.

Delay compensation allows jitter free modulation switchover

NMS common Platform The AGS-20 IDU is integrated into the SCT/LCT, NMS5LX and NMS5UX Network Management System platforms developed by SIAE MICROELETTRONICA, and capable of controlling and monitoring all equipment included in SIAE MICROELETTRONICA product catalogue.

As an alternative a WEB management (with embedded WEB server) is available as an installation-less management option.

All SIAE MICROELETTRONICA NMS solutions are based on standard protocols. SNMP Protocol is used for TMN connections with standard communication protocol stacks and industry-standard interfaces allowing equipment connection to any IP or OSI-based DCN.

IDU and ODU SYSTEM OVERVIEW

ASN/ASNk ODU Characteristics The ODU has been designed with the target of being at the same time compact, light and easy to install/maintain and characterized by high performances.

ASN / ASNk ODU supports all modulation schemes and all capacities from 8 Mbit/s to 500 Mbit/s. AS ODU doesn’t require any hardware change if configured for frequency reuse (independence from XPIC functionality), moreover It is compatible with ALL IDU models. This model provides up to 20 dB ATPC.

AS Nk ODU AS N ODU

Figure 2 – ASNk and ASN ODU

These modulation independent ODUs allow the “install-and-forget” approach for simple station upgrading.

Mechanical Layout The same mounting kit type fits all the ODUs for an easily upgrade.

ASN / ASNk ODU

Integrated antenna solutions

Figure 3 – ASN / ASNk ODU with integrated antenna in 1+1 / 2+0 configuration

Not integrated antenna solutions

Figure 4 – ASN /ASNk ODU with not integrated antenna solution in 1+1 / 2+0 configurations

Compact IDU mechanical layout The single board compact IDUs are provided with adjustable brackets on both sides. It allows an easy IDU positioning into a rack in three different 30 mm steps as shown in the picture below. This simplifies the IDU installation in street cabinet applications.

Figure 5 – Bracket on IDU compact version

ATPC Feature Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) is available as a standard feature in all configurations.

Power Control has two operational modes:

• Fixed output power attenuation mode (ATPC disabled); the output power can be reduced up to 20dB in 1dB steps (40dB in Advanced AS ODU).

• ATPC mode: the ATPC algorithm adjusts the output power attenuation in order to reach a predefined Rx level at the remote terminal.

AGS-20 Universal IDU- 1RU Compact

AGS-20 is the SIAE new generation IDU platform common to all SIAE products. It is designed to support the following applications:

• Stand alone L2 aggregation unit, and MPLS HW ready (future availability);

• Aggregation unit for all outdoor radio, including E-Band;

• Next generation “indoor unit” for split mount radio, compatible with ASN / ASNk ODU installed base.

AGS-20 is positioned as a cost effective L2 Networking device conceived for Mobile Backhaul. It is strongly engineered as data centric platform with full native support of CLI language and scripting. The Hardware Platform has been conceived to support latest Carrier Ethernet protocols MPLS/VPLS, MPLS-TP, PBB, PBB-TE (HW ready, future availability).

AGS-20 bridges cost effectively the transitioning from “Split-Mount” Radio to Full-Outdoor and offers a great backwards compatibility with existing Outdoor Units (ASN/ASNk). It supports any Full Outdoor Radio in traditional bands (6 to 42 GHz) and millimeter-wave band (70/80 GHz). It will support an embedded L1 Radio Lag Bonding up to 4 Instances.

When connected to Microwave Radio, AGS-20 offers a single DCN IP elements for any Management related operations (Alarms, Performance, Inventory, SW Upgrade, Service Provisioning, ….) greatly simplifying network deployment. Being a fully featured device for Mobile Backhaul, AGS-20 can also be used as a L2 networking Element not necessarily connected to Microwave Radio.

Architecture

AGS-20 is a compact equipment compound of 3 main units in addition to power supply unit:

1. Core Unit - It’s based on new SIAE platform

2. Core Expansion Unit

3. TDM Expansion Unit

The Core Unit contains the equipment controller and is responsible for Ethernet management and synchronization (Sync-E and native 1588v2 BC). This common part provides the following interfaces, as also depicted in the next picture:

• 2x GE (1Gbps electrical Ports @ RJ-45 connector) LAN3 and LAN4 • 2x Optical (1Gbps or 2.5Gbps optical Ports @ SFP connector) LAN5 and LAN6 • 2x COMBO (1Gbps electrical @ RJ-45 or 1Gbps optical @ SFP) LAN1 and LAN2 • 1x RJ45 Local Access • 1x Console (@ RJ-45 connector) • 1x SYNK-E1 (@ RJ-45 connector) • 1x ToD (@ RJ-45 connector) • 1x PPS (@ 1.0/2.3 microSIEMENS connector) • Housekeeping alarm Interface (@ RJ-45 connector) • SD card expansion

The Core Expansion sub-units are HW configuration dependent. They provide the radio interfaces and modem sections, but also a full Ethernet connectivity in case the IDU has to be connected to a SIAE Full Outdoor equipment.

The different sub-units are: • 2xIF (Compatible with current SIAE ODU) plus 2xOptical GE (1Gbps or 2.5Gbps optical @ SFP) L1 aggregation is available on IF interfaces or on the GE/COMBO Ethernet interfaces. Is not possible to set up L1 LAG between a IF port and an Ethernet port. This refers to Core Expansion Unit.

The TDM Expansion unit are also HW configuration dependent. They provide the bulk of the E1 and the TDM Cross connect matrix.

• card with 16xE1 interfaces (@ 2 x SCSI connectors)

IDU(1RU)

Here below the AGS-20 HW version that:

1) AGS-20 core is composed with 2xIF (L1 LAG), 2xGE (L1 LAG) and 16xE1 interfaces

Adaptive Modulation and Throughput

AGS-20, as already introduced, is a new universal Hardware Platform conceived to support latest Carrier Ethernet protocols MPLS/VPLS, MPLS-TP, PBB, PBB-TE (HW ready, future availability according to roadmap).

It provides complete backward compatibility with ASN/ ASNk ODU and supports any Full Outdoor Radio in traditional bands (6 to 42 GHz) and millimeter-wave band (70/80 GHz).

Regarding functionalities and capabilities, AGS-20 adds new important and advanced features. First of all the IDU backplane capacity is extended to 25 Gbit/s, so more than 4 times than the previous generation. Another key upgrade is the support of the 2048QAM modulation scheme allowing using it in combination with ASN/ASNk ODU without any change or modification of the already installed outdoor basis. This aligns the new Split Mount system (AGS-20 plus ASN/ASNk ODU) with ALFOplus Full Outdoor equipment in terms of maximum throughput (500 Mbps) in a single 56MHz radio channel without header compression.

L1 aggregation capability (LAG) is another important feauture that has been improved on AGS-20. Where on ALCplus2e IDU it supports up to 2 instances, here it supports up to 4 instances so making possible to realize a 4+0 “Single Pipe” link with load sharing using a single indoor unit. The aggregation is also available if AGS-20 is used in combination with a full outdoor equipment: in this case the L1 load sharing is realized on the switch interfaces (of the expansion board) that will be connected to one or more outdoor radio.

Traffic classification The adaptive modulation entails a change in the available bandwidth with regard to the modulation scheme that is used and as a consequence, moving from higher modulation downward, the decreasing of the traffic capacity. The possibility to classify the traffic allows deciding what traffic to transport according to the available bandwidth. For example if the modulation is reduced from 2048QAM to 4QAM all traffic exceeding 4QAM capacity cannot be carried anymore.

AGS-20 solutions have 8 output queues –through which 8 priority classes can be managed– with user configurable quality management.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implementation manages TDM and ETH traffic in different ways:

• E1 ports are manually configured for being high or low priority.

• ETH packets are usually classified according to 802.1p Layer 2 tag. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA systems are also able to classify them, according to IP TOS or IPV6 TC and EXP bits MPLS.

This allows each type of services to be transmitted with the agreed performances.

Link Quality measurement In order to trigger a modulation change some switching criteria must be implemented. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA solutions are based on MSE measurements that allow the system to react to any source of degradation, well before errors are detected by the FEC. It involves one direction at a time and the process is completely jitter and error free for surviving traffic.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implements MSE (Mean Squared Error) based Adaptive Modulation in all channel bandwidths. 10 ACM profiles are provided, each one can be selected by SW in order to build a user configured Adaptive Modulation Profile.

A continuous monitoring on the MSE parameter is performed by the system, thus when MSE goes below a predefined threshold, a modulation switch request is transmitted backward.

AGS-20 TDM performance.

Extra TDM traffic IDU type Permanent TDM traffic Total Radio (if not config. permanent) AGS -20 2+0 XPIC max. 2x126 0 2x126 AGS -20 2x(1+0) max. 2x126 0 2x126

Maximum managed E1.

Two different E1 classes are available:

• Permanent TDM traffic (static, high priority) • Extra TDM traffic (dynamic, low priority).

The “Permanent TDM traffic” is always routed through the radio-link (it obviously limits the minimum usable modulation) . The amount of “Extra TDM traffic” is configurable for each ACM profile.

ACM window configuration

Extra TDM traffic prioritization

This feature, as described in previous paragraph, is available on ALCplus2e IDU only (except for 1+1 XPIC).

Internally, each E1 is assigned with a unique priority tag that is user configurable and independent from cabling or its cross connection path:

• Highest priority tag 1 • Lowest priority tag N (2 .. 21 depending on hardware configuration)

Each profile is assigned with “Extra TDM Cap.”, let we assume it is assigned with the value K, the first K E1s in the list below will be routed through the radio-link, the other ones will generate “AIS” condition at their outputs.

Flexible E1’s priority is selectable by moving rows.

E1 prioritization configuration (example)

By applying the previous configuration, the overall radio-link capacity will be allocated to Ethernet and E1’s:

Radio-link capacity allocation (example)

If the budget link is enough the system will work at 80xE1 (each radio).

ETHERNET CHARACTERISTICS AGS-20 is compliant with MEF9 for service functionality and MEF14 for service performance. Configured in point- to-point, nodal or ring topology, they can be used to implement standardized Ethernet services such as E-Line, E- LAN and E-Tree providing quality of service (QoS), scalability and reliability. Each services could be created in transparent mode or in virtual mode sharing radio link resources between different services managing VLAN 802.1q tags.

Ethernet Frame mapping over Radio Link When equipped with Ethernet Interfaces, the AGS-20 IDU transfers Ethernet packets directly onto the radio link.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA ALS maps Ethernet straight into the radio frames (Native IP), this approach provides a point-to-point unacknowledged connectionless service over the radio channel. A CRC is added to prevent wrong packets being forwarded.

Ethernet Throughput Universal AGS-20 IDU provides full-duplex Ethernet throughput ranging from 10 up to 500 Mbit/s per radio direction. It is possible to associate a given bandwidth to a single Ethernet port. It can be assigned in fixed steps up to full wire speed. A big throughput improvement came using Header Compression technology reported in the paragraph below.

Please refer to Appendix 3 for Throughput and Latency details.

Ethernet Interface characteristics

The AGS-20 IDU implements a multi-port store-and-forward Layer 2 Switch. The embedded Switch supports the following Layer 2 functionalities:

• MAC switching (table of 8192 addresses) • MAC Address learning and aging • Auto negotiation • MDI/MDIX crossover Automatic MDI/MDIX crossover is supported; it allows NIC-to-SWITCH and SWITCH-to-SWITCH connection regardless of cable type (straight-through or crossover). • Layer 2 Flow Control / Back Pressure SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implements flow control based on IEEE 802.3x (full-duplex operation) and Back Pressure (half-duplex operation) to prevent packet loss during traffic peak. • IEEE 802.1q VLANs and VLAN stacking (Q in Q) • Quality of Service • ITU-T Y.1731 ETH OAM / IEEE 802.1ag

QoS management

QoS refers to the ability of a network device to provide improved services to selected network traffic over various underlying technologies, including Ethernet and wireless LANs. In particular, QoS feature provides an improved and more predictable network services, as follows:

• Improving loss characteristics

• Avoiding and managing network congestion

• Prioritizing services to different kinds of network traffic

• Setting traffic priorities across the network

QoS is implemented in SIAE MICROELETTRONICA products in a multilevel approach:

• VLAN per port

• Level 2 VLAN identifiers (802.1Q)

• Level 2 priority bits (802.1P QoS)

• Level 3 priorities IPv4 (ToS or DSCP) or IPv6 (TC)

• EXP bits MPLS

Hierarchical QoS

Universal AGS-20 new platforms support the so called Hierarchical Quality-of-Service (H-QoS).

Up to three cascaded levels of classification/scheduling are supported. Each level of the hierarchy can be flexibly mapped to the next level below. Each of the queues and scheduling node outputs support separately configurable minimum and maximum bandwidth guarantees. Each scheduling node can be individually configured to support SP, WRR or SP+WRR to achieve advanced scheduling hierarchy.

Hierarchical scheduling example

A possible use case for hierarchical scheduling is to support network scenario where two independent operators share the same physical link.

In this context each operator shall be able to define a QoS criteria for its own services and than a second scheduler stage allows the access to the common bandwidth of the physical level.

Ethernet Resiliency LLF - Link Loss Forwarding

PIRL - Peak Input Rate Limiting - In order to control the traffic flows incoming the equipment and thus the network, this access limitation/control policies is introduced with a “leaky bucket architecture”

RSTP - Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol - is a link layer network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged LAN. Thus, the basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and ensuing broadcast radiation.

MSTP - Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol - enables VLANs to be grouped into a spanning-tree instance, with each instance having a spanning-tree topology independent of other spanning-tree instances. This architecture provides multiple alternate paths enabling a better network load balancing.

ELP - Ethernet Link Protection - ELP is used to protect the network from Ethernet link failures in various network topologies and application LAG - Link Aggregation – is a recommendation (802.1AX-2008 or 802.3ad) designed for using multiple media in parallel to increase the link speed beyond the limits of any one single medium and increase the redundancy for higher availability

ERP - Ethernet Ring Protection is a ITU-T under G.8032 Recommendation and provide sub-50ms protection and recovery switching for Ethernet traffic in a ring topology and at the same time ensuring that there are no loops formed at the Ethernet layer. G.8032v1 supported a single ring topology and G.8032v2 supports multiple rings/ladder topology.

Level 2 priorities: Priority queues are introduced on switches output ports. 802.1p describes 8 priority levels, mapped onto 8 output queues.

A typical mapping scheme is shown below.

802.1p priority levels Traffic type Used queue

0 Best Effort 0 1 Background 1 2 NOT DEFINED 2 3 Excellent Effort 3 4 Controlled Load 4 5 Video ( latency ≤ 100 ms ) 5 6 Voice ( latency ≤ 10 ms ) 6 7 Network Control 7

Table 6 – 802.1p priority levels

Two scheduling algorithms are available in SIAE MICROELETTRONICA equipment: strict priority or weighted scheduling WFQ (SW selectable).

• Strict priority means that Higher priority queues are emptied first

• Weighted scheduling (WFQ) means that queues are served proportionally to their weights.

• Mixed Strict priority and WFQ

IEEE 802.1Q VLANs Virtual LAN (VLAN) support is the ability to logically break a LAN into a few smaller LANs and prevent data from flowing between the sub-LANs.

This is a key performance used to:

• Share the same physical carrier among different users that require maintaining a complete logical network independency.

• Micro segment the LAN in a scalable way

• Distribute traffic load

• Relocate servers into secure locations

• Better control the broadcast messages

VLANs can be activated in three different ways:

• Based on Port. A packet belongs to a particular VLAN, depending on the local port ID. This means that each packet received on a specific port will be forwarded only to the ports belonging to the same VLAN.

• Based on IEEE 802.1Q TAG. A packet belongs to a particular VLAN, depending on its VLAN ID, defined by the VID (VLAN Identifier) TAG content.

• Hybrid. It is a mix of previous ones. Locally configured tagged frames are managed according IEEE 802.1Q TAG, all others follow port rules.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA equipment can also be configured to add a VLAN tag (VD and user priority) to untagged traffic.

VLAN stacking (QinQ) SIAE MICROELETTRONICA products support VLAN stacking (QinQ). This means that if input traffic is 802.1Q compliant, i.e. VLANs are implemented, it is possible to create other VLAN inserting 4 additional bytes in Ethernet header for routing and QoS purposes.

VLAN staking (also named QinQ) is a feature that allows an Ethernet frame to include more than one IEEE 802.1Q TAG. The scope of VLAN staking is to differentiate the traffic at different levels when the packets must cross networks managed by different entities.

As an example, it can be considered the case of a WAN connection provided by a Service Provider to a company to connect some remote offices to a headquarter. The packets on the company LAN can be tagged on the basis of the rules stated by the Company’s Network Administrator. However, The Service Provider could also need to TAG the traffic in order to carry it independently from the traffic of other companies. Moreover, when a packet leaves the remote office to enter the WAN connection, the Service Provider will add a second TAG to the packet with an ID that identifies the customer. In this way the first TAG (with the company ID) still remain on the packet, but it is not used to route it on the Service Provider Network. Finally, when this packet has reached the Main Site, the Service Provider TAG is dropped and the WAN connection can be fully transparent.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA radio systems support the VLAN staking. Once a packet enters into the radio, it is possible to add a new IEEE 802.1Q TAG with an ID depending from the port.

VLAN rewriting VLAN rewriting is a feature available on radio side that allows to rewrite the VID of C-TAG of the packets received (uplink side) or sent (downlink side) by the switch. On uplink side (packets received by the switch) the VID can be rewritten on the basis of the following criteria:

- LAN port + C-VID: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis of its original C-VID and the LAN port where it has been received.

- LAN port + C-VID + priority: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis of its original C-VID + priority and the LAN port where it has been received.

On uplink side it is possible to configure for all the LAN ports up to 64 LAN port + C-VID or LAN port + C-VID + priority criteria. On downlink side (packets sent by the switch) the VID can be rewritten on the basis of the C-VID of the received packet. I.e., new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis of its original C-VID. It is possible to configure up to 64 C-VID criteria in downlink, independently by the uplink configuration.

Ingress Filter Policing (CIR/EIR according to MEF 10.2) ALCplus2e allows limiting the ingress traffic rate on the basis of:

- LAN port (Bandwidth profile per UNI): a different profile is defined for each LAN port (VLAN ID and priority are not considered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm)

- VLAN (Bandwidth Profile per EVC): a different profile is defined for different VLANs (priority is not considered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm). Up to 64 VLAN can be managed with different profiles.

- VLAN + priority (Bandwidth Profile per CoS): a different profile is defined for different couples VLAN+priority (up to 64 different cases can be managed). In this case the packet priority is always considered by the rate limiting algorithm. More than one priority can be included in the same bandwidth profile.

In general different criteria can be defined for each port/VLAN/priority. Up to 64 Ingress Filtering Policy resources can be defined and each bandwidth profile defined on the basis either of LAN port, VLAN or VLAN+priority consumes 1 of such resources.

In order to define the bandwidth profile, the following parameters must be configured:

- CIR (Committed Information Rate): it is the admitted ingress rate (“green” colored), with values between 0 Kbit/s and 1 Gbit/s.

- CBS (Committed Burst Rate): it is the maximum size of the token bucket of the green packets, with values between 0 byte and 256 Kbyte.

- EIR (Excess Information Rate): it is maximum ingress rate eventually admitted (“yellow” colored), with values between 0Kbit/s and 1Gbit/s.

- EBS (Excess Burst Rate): it is the maximum size of the token bucket of the yellow packets, with values between 0 byte and 256 Kbyte.

- CF (Coupling Flag): if enabled, the excess tokens eventually charged into the green bucket are moved into the yellow packet bucket. Red packets, i.e. the ones exceeding the CIR+EIR rate, are automatically discarded.

Traffic Management

QoS is implemented in SIAE’s products in a multilevel approach: • VLAN per port • Level 2 VLAN identifiers (802.1Q) • Level 2 priority bits (802.1P QoS) • Level 3 priorities IPv4 (ToS or DSCP) or IPv6 (TC) • EXP bits MPLS

Here below a scheme representing the overall traffic management flow.

On ALCplus2e and ALFOplus equipment is available also a 9 th queue dedicated to the transport of 1588v2 packets (“Zero PDV” 1588v2 optimized transport). ALFOplus80HD, AGS-20 and ALFOplus2 are HW ready to natively support 1588v2 protocol, with no need to provide a dedicated queue to differentiate its packets from others.

Here below a table summarizing the available buffer size per each equipment (subject to future improvement that will be included in the provided Roadmap).

Equipment Buffer Size

AGS-20 92 MB overall (shared between all queues)

Header compression SIAE MICROELETTRONICA has developed a two level Header Compression that is able to hash L2, L2.5, L3 and L4 header’s protocols and thus massively increase the available radio throughput. The packet compression gain provided is from 3% up to 200%, depending on payload, protocols stacks and packet size.

In the following figure, supported Header Compression protocol and various compression rates are reported, in relation with packet sizes compressed protocol stacks.

Figure 6 - Layers involved in the Header compression process

Two stages of compression are possible:

• Basic compression (1 st stage): Single layer packet compression, supports header up to 68 bytes (Ethernet + MPLS + IP/UDP + RTP/GTP)

• Deep/IP tunneling compression (1 st stage + 2 nd stage): Two levels packet compression, supports header up to 128 bytes (Ethernet + MPLS + IP/UDP + RTP/GTP with additional IPv4/IPv6 tunneling)

Figure 7 - Relation between packets size and compression ratio

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

TMN Connection The AGS-20 IDU provides several communication ports for TMN connections. These ports can be used for:

• connection to other equipment

• connection to TMN’s DCN

• direct connection to SIAE MICROELETTRONICA’s Element Manager

Supervisory information can be terminated by other equipment or, thanks to the standard mapping, by an external router.

Management Functionalities The management functionalities implemented at NE level are:

• Fault management (alarms, events, date, time, severity, etc.)

• Configuration and test Management (i.e. configuration of ALS parameters, set-up of loop-backs, manual forcing of 1+1 switches, mapping of relay alarms and user inputs, etc.)

• Software management (i.e. software release management and software download)

• Performance management and monitoring relevant to G.828 parameters.

• Security Management (i.e. Network Element multi-level access according to Operator’s rights)

Management Software In order to satisfy the requirements of local and centralized management, SIAE MICROELETTRONICA has developed the following software/platforms/systems:

• LCT (Local Craft Terminal) for maintenance and line-up activities (MS Windows® OS)

• SCT (Subnetwork Craft Terminal) for centralized management of up to 100 Network Elements - NEs (MS Windows® OS)

• NMS5-LX (Element Manager) for centralized management of medium networks with up to 1000 Network Elements per server (Linux OS)

• NMS5-UX (Element Manager) for centralized management of large networks with up to 10000 Network Elements per server (HP Unix OS)

• Web LCT for maintenance and line-up activities (MS Windows® OS & Adobe flash) accessible via Browser

For a more detailed description of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA supervision software platforms, please refer to the specific product literature.

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Physical Dimensions of system components

System Version Width (mm) Height (mm) Depth (mm)

AS ODU 1+1 /2+0 358 254 296

Power supply

ODU Range -40.8 - -57.6 Vdc According to ETSI EN300132-2

Power Consumption (W)

Configuration

1+1/2+0 Radio Terminal ≤ 105

Environmental conditions

Environmental Conditions Range

Operational range for IDU -5° C ÷ +50° C

Operational humidity for IDU up to 95% not condensing

Protection Class for ODU IP65

Wind load ≤ 200 km/h

Surge and lightning protection according to ETSI EN 301 489

Frequently requested standards compliances (Note1) EN 300 132-2 Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications equipment EN 300 019 Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment (Operation: class 3.2 for IDU and class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport: class 2.3) EN 301 390 Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point and Point-to-Multipoint Systems; Spurious emissions and receiver immunity at equipment/antenna port of Digital Fixed Radio System EN 302 217 Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antenna EN 301 489 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services EN 60950 Information Technology Equipment – Safety ITU-R ITU Recommendations for all frequency bands ITU-R F.1191 Bandwidths and unwanted emissions of digital fixed service systems CEPT CEPT Recommendations for all frequency bands IEEE 802 802.1ag (Connectivity Fault Management), 802.1p (QoS), 802.1Q (VLAN), 802.1W (RSTP), 802.3ad-2008 (link aggregation), 802.3i (10BASE-T), 802.3u (100BASE-TX/FX), 802.3x (Flow control), 802.3ab (1000 BASE-T), 802.3z (1000BASE LX/SX) IEEE 1588-2008 Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems ITU-T 1731 Ethernet OAM fault management

ITU-T G.703 Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical levels ITU-T G704 Characteristics of 1544 and 2048 Kbit/s hierarchical levels ITU-T G.742 Second order digital multiplex equipment operating at 8449 Kbit/s and using positive justification ITU-T G.783 Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment digital block ITU-T G.823 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048 Kbit/s hierarchy ITU-T G.825 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) ITU-T G.957 Optical Interfaces for equipment and system relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy ITU-T G.8261 Timing and Synchronization Aspects in Packet Networks ITU-T G.8262 Characteristics of synchronous Ethernet Equipment slave Clock ITU-T G.8264 Distribution of timing through packet networks

Note1: where applicable

APPENDIX 1: Radio Performances

Output Power (dBm) at Point C’* ASN / ASNk ODU 4 QAM +28 +29 +29 +28 +28 +28 +23 +23 +22 +21 +20 +19 +17 8 QAM +28 +29 +29 +28 +28 +28 +23 +23 +22 +21 +20 +19 +17 16 QAM +25 +26 +26 +25 +25 +25 +21 +21 +20 +19 +18 +17 +15 32 QAM +25 +26 +26 +25 +25 +25 +21 +21 +20 +19 +18 +17 +15 64 QAM +24 +25 +25 +24 +24 +24 +19 +19 +18 +17 +16 +15 +13 128 QAM +24 +25 +25 +24 +24 +24 +19 +19 +18 +17 +16 +15 +13 256 QAM +23 +24 +24 +23 +23 +23 +18 +18 +17 +16 +15 +14 +12 512 QAM +23 +24 +24 +23 +23 +23 +18 +18 +17 +16 +15 +14 +12 1024 QAM +22 +23 +23 +22 +22 +22 +17 +17 +16 +15 +14 +13 +11 2048 QAM +22 +23 +23 +22 +22 +22 +17 +17 +16 +15 +14 +13 +11

Receiver Sensitivity (dBm) at BER 10 -6 at Point C (2+0 conf., 28MHz BW, RF filter losses included) AGS-20 ) 4 QAM -89.5 -89.5 -89.5 -89 -89 -89 -88.5 -88.5 -88 -87.5 -86 -86.5 -85.5 8 QAM -85.5 -82.5 -82.5 -82 -82 -82 -81.5 -81.5 -81 -80.5 -79 -79.5 -78.5 16 QAM -81 -81 -81 -80.5 -80.5 -80.5 -80 -80 -79.5 -79 -77.5 -78 -77 32 QAM -77.5 -77.5 -77.5 -77 -77 -77 -76.5 -76.5 -76 -75.5 -74 -74.5 -73.5 64 QAM -75.5 -75.5 -75.5 -75 -75 -75 -74.5 -74.5 -74 -73.5 -72 -72.5 -71.5 128 QAM -73.5 -73.5 -73.5 -73 -73 -73 -72.5 -72.5 -72 -71.5 -70 -70.5 -69.5 256 QAM -70.5 -70.5 -70.5 -70 -70 -70 -69.5 -69.5 -69 -68.5 -67 -67.5 -66.5 512 QAM NA -67.5 -68 -67.5 -67.5 -67.5 -66.5 -67 -66.5 -66 -64.5 -65 -64 1024 QAM NA -63.5 -64 -63.5 -63.5 -63.5 -63 -63 -62.5 -62 -60,5 -61 -60 2048 QAM NA -63.5 -64 -63.5 -63.5 -63.5 -63 -63 -62.5 -62 -60,5 -61 -60

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A., Via Michelangelo Buonarroti, 21, Cologno Monzese (Mi), Italy