DOCSLIB.ORG

Languages of East Timor

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Languages of East Timor Ethnologue report for East Timor Page 1 of 6 Languages of East Timor See language map. Democratic Republic of East Timor, Timor Timus, Timor L'este, Timor Lorosae. 1,019,252. National or official languages: Tetun, Portuguese. Literacy rate: below 30%. Information mainly from C. Grimes, T. Therik, B. D. Grimes, and M. Jacob 1997. The number of languages listed for East Timor is 20. Of those, 19 are living languages and 1 is extinct. Living languages Adabe [adb] 1,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Ethnic population: 1,000. Atauro Island, north of Dili on Timor Island. Alternate names: Ataura, Atauru, Atauro, Raklu-Un, Raklu Un. Dialects: Munaseli Pandai. Reported to be different from Galoli dialects on Atauro. No relationship to Kolana. Classification: Trans-New Guinea, South Bird's Head-Timor-Alor-Pantar, Timor- Alor-Pantar More information. Baikeno [bkx] 20,000 (2003 UKAW). Many are monolingual. Population includes several thousand refugees in west Timor. Ethnic population: 20,000. Oekusi enclave separated from the rest of East Timor. Traditional kingship of Ambeno on north coast of west Timor. The Kais Metan dialect is spoken in the Pantai Makasar and Oesilu districts. Tai Boko is spoken in the Nitib District. The two dialects together take up most of the northern part of Ambeno. Uis Tasae is spoken in the Pasab District, taking up the southern third. Kais Metan has two subdialects: Kais Metan in the north, and Bob Meto in the south. Alternate names: Baikenu, Vaikenu, Vaikino, Biqueno, Ambeno, Ambenu, Uab Meto, Uab Pah Meto, Oecussi, Oe Cusi, Oekusi. Dialects: Kais Metan (East Baikeno, Bob Meto), Tai Boko (West Baikeno), Uis Tasae (South Baikeno). Baikeno is linguistically a dialect of Uab Meto, but for political reasons has to be treated as a separate language for vernacular literature. It is intelligible with the Uab Meto dialects of Amfo'an, northern Mollo, and Insana. Significant differences with Amarasi block intelligibility. They see themselves as part of the wider Atoni cultural, linguistic, political, and http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=TL 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for East Timor Page 2 of 6 historical network, in contrast to being Tetun, Helong, or Rote. They refer to themselves as 'atoni' (person), speaking 'uab meto' (the language of the dry). The Kais Metan dialect is the most populous and most influential, being around the town of Oekusi, the seat of the former king, and the commercial and government center. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central- Eastern, Central Malayo-Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor, West More information. Bunak [bfn] 50,000 in East Timor (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Population total all countries: 100,000. Ethnic population: 50,000. Central interior Timor Island, south coast. Also spoken in Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara). Alternate names: Buna', Bunake, Bunaq. Dialects: Not closely related to other languages. Classification: Trans-New Guinea, South Bird's Head-Timor-Alor-Pantar, Timor-Alor-Pantar, Bunak More information. Fataluku [ddg] 30,000 (1989). Ethnic population: 30,000. Eastern tip of Timor Island around Los Palos. Alternate names: Dagaga, Dagoda', Dagada. Dialects: May be related to Oirata on nearby Kisar Island. Significant dialect variation. May turn out to be several languages. Classification: Trans-New Guinea, South Bird's Head-Timor-Alor-Pantar, Timor- Alor-Pantar, Fataluku More information. Galoli [gal] 50,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Ethnic population: 50,000. North coast between Mambae and Makasae, regions of Laklo, Manatutu, Laleia, and We-Masin, Wetar Island. Alternate names: Galole. Dialects: Na Nahek, Edi, Dadua, Galoli, Baba, Hahak. Talur on Wetar Island in Maluku may be inherently intelligible. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo-Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor, East More information. Habu [hbu] 1,260 (2000 WCD). Northeast of Laclubar and the Idate language. Dialects: Many loanwords from Trans-New Guinea languages similar to Makasae, but with Austronesian structure. Related to Waima'a and Kairui. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=TL 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for East Timor Page 3 of 6 Classification needs further investigation. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo- Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor, Waima'a More information. Idaté [idt] 5,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Ethnic population: 5,000. Central East Timor, mountains of part of the Laclubar area, surrounded by the Mambae, Galoli, Kairui, and Tetun. Dialects: Closest to Lakalei and Galoli. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo- Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor, East More information. Kairui-Midiki [krd] 2,000 (2001). Ethnic population: 2,000. Central small mountainous area surrounded by Makasai, Waima'a, Tetun, Galoli. Alternate names: Cairui, Midiki. Dialects: Kairui, Midiki (Midik). Vocabulary is predominantly Trans-New Guinea, structure is Austronesian. Related to Waima'a and Habu. Classification needs further investigation. May be a co-dialect with Waima'a. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central- Eastern, Central Malayo-Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor, Waima'a More information. Kemak [kem] 50,000 in East Timor (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Population total all countries: 100,000. Ethnic population: 50,000. North central Timor Island, border area between East Timor and West Timor, mostly on eastern side. Also spoken in Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara). Alternate names: Ema. Dialects: Nogo (Nogo- Nogo), Kemak. Close to Tetun. Most closely related to Mambae and Tukudede. Also related to Uab Meto. Morris 1992 counts Nogo as a separate language from Kemak. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central- Eastern, Central Malayo-Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor, East More information. Lakalei [lka] 5,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Ethnic population: 5,000. Central Timor Island, north of Same, northeast of Ainaro. Dialects: Close to Idate, Tetun, Galoli. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central- Eastern, Central Malayo-Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor, East More information. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=TL 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for East Timor Page 4 of 6 Makasae [mkz] 70,000 (1989). Ethnic population: 70,000. Timor Island, eastern end around Baucau and inland, west of Fataluku, from northern to southern coast in a dialect chain. Alternate names: Makassai, Macassai, Ma'asae, Makasai. Dialects: Maklere, Makasai. Not closely related to other languages. Non- Austronesian. Classification: Trans-New Guinea, South Bird's Head-Timor-Alor-Pantar, Timor-Alor-Pantar, Makasai-Alor-Pantar, Makasai More information. Maku'a [lva] 50 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Ethnic population: 50. Northeast tip of Timor Island, around Tutuala. Alternate names: Lovaea, Lovaia. Classification: Trans-New Guinea, South Bird's Head-Timor-Alor-Pantar, Timor- Alor-Pantar, Maku'a More information. Mambae [mgm] 80,000 in East Timor (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Ethnic population: 80,000. Mountains of central Timor, around Ermera, Aileu, and Ainaro. One of the dominant groups among Timorese communities in Australia. Also spoken in Australia. Alternate names: Mambai, Manbae. Dialects: Damata, Lolei, Manua, Mambai. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo- Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor, East More information. Nauete [nxa] 1,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Ethnic population: 1,000. South coast, eastern tip of Timor Island, west of Tiomar. The main town is Uato Lari. Alternate names: Nauhete, Naueti, Naóti, Nauote, Nauoti. Dialects: Naumik, Oso Moko. Not closely related to any other language. Many loanwords from Trans-New Guinea languages like Makasae. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo- Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor More information. Portuguese [por] Alternate names: Português. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero- Romance, West Iberian, Portuguese-Galician More information. Tetun [tet] 50,000 in East Timor (2004). Western East Timor on the south coast from Suai to http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=TL 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for East Timor Page 5 of 6 Viqueque. East of Atoni, west of Bunak (in Batagude) around Batibo, and in from the south coast around Viqueque and Soibada. Alternate names: Tetum, Tettum, Teto, Tetu, Tetung, Belu, Belo, Fehan, Tetun Belu. Dialects: Eastern Tetun (Soibada, Natarbora, Lakluta, Tetun Loos, Tetun Los), Southern Tetun (Lia Fehan, Plain Tetun, Tasi Mane, Belu Selatan, South Belu, South Tetun), Northern Tetun (Lia Foho, Hill Tetun, Tasi Feto, Belu Utara, North Belu, Tetun Terik, Tetun Therik). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central- Eastern, Central Malayo-Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor, East More information. Tetun Dili [tdt] 50,000 (1995). First-language speakers concentrated in and around Dili on the north coast of East Timor. Second-language speakers scattered widely throughout the western part of East Timor. Alternate names: Tetun, Tetum, Tetum Prasa, Tetum Praça, Dili Tetum, Tetum Dili. Dialects: There are important differences with Tetun in parts of the grammar, morphology, functors, and much of the lexicon. There is heavy influence of Portuguese and some Indonesian or Malay loans in Tetun Dili. Classification: Creole, Tetun based More information. Tukudede [tkd] 63,170 (2000 WCD). Timor Island, north coast, regions of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • My Experience with Physics Education in East Timor
    CG-21 Southeast Asia Curt Gabrielson, a science teacher and an Institute Fellow, is observing the re- ICWA establishment of education in East Timor. My Experience with Physics LETTERS Education in East Timor Since 1925 the Institute of By Curt Gabrielson Current World Affairs (the Crane- SEPTEMBER 1, 2002 Rogers Foundation) has provided BAUCAU, East Timor–I came to East Timor in October 2000 with no firm plans long-term fellowships to enable about what to do. My partner Pamela had work lined up, and we were convinced outstanding young professionals that I could find some useful occupation. In the U.S., I taught physics and had to live outside the United States worked with the Exploratorium Teacher Institute in San Francisco for several years and write about international leading up to my move to East Timor. areas and issues. An exempt operating foundation endowed by Arriving in East Timor, I set out ambitiously to learn the local lingua franca, the late Charles R. Crane, the Tetum. I found it to be an archaic language, with most “modern” words taken Institute is also supported by from Portuguese, the language of East Timor’s first colonizers. Mixed with Tetum contributions from like-minded was Bahasa Indonesia, the language of East Timor’s most recent occupiers. By individuals and foundations. learning parts of these three languages, I could soon make myself understood talking about science and math. TRUSTEES In December 2000, I was granted a two-year fellowship by the Institute of Bryn Barnard Current World Affairs. This fellowship essentially allowed me to pursue my own Joseph Battat interests, all (reasonable) expenses paid, while writing an informative newsletter Mary Lynne Bird to members of the Institute once a month.
    [Show full text]
  • East Timor Phrasebook 3
    CONTENTS ABOUT TETUN > introduction ....................................13 Spelling ............................................15 Polite & Informal ...........................17 Portuguese Influence ..................15 Arthur or Martha? .........................18 Learning Tetun ..............................15 Abbreviations ................................18 Tetun-Dili & Tetun-Terik .............16 BASICS > pronunciation .............................................19 Vowels ..............................................19 Stress .................................................22 Consonants .....................................20 grammar ....................................................................23 Word Order .....................................23 To Like ..............................................34 Articles ..............................................23 Personal Pronouns .......................35 Nouns ...............................................25 Possession .......................................37 Adjectives ........................................27 Imperatives .....................................38 Adverbs ............................................30 Questions ........................................40 Verbs .................................................30 Negatives.........................................40 To Have ............................................33 Classifiers .........................................41 To be .................................................33 Prepositions ....................................42
    [Show full text]
  • You Are Welcome to Cite This Article, but Please Reference It Appropriately – for Instance in the Following Form
    You are welcome to cite this article, but please reference it appropriately – for instance in the following form: PAULINO, Vicente (2011). “Cultura e Múltiplas identidades linguísticas em Timor-Leste”, in Correia, Ana Maria & Sousa, Ivo Carneiro de (org), Lusofonia encruzilhadas culturais, Macau: Saint Joseph Academic Press, pp.70-87. CULTURA E MÚLTIPLAS IDNETIDADES LINGUÍSTICA EM TIMOR-LESTE VICENTE PAULINO Universidade de Lisboa Portugal & Timor-Leste 70 INTRODUÇÃO expressivas, e está na origem da elaboração do sentido do mundo para o homem, porque o mundo é uma construção e o resultado da A diversidade cultural é uma fonte de dinamismo social e própria elaboração linguística do mundo (Rodrigues 1996:15). E, hoje, económico que pode enriquecer a vida humana no século XXI, as novas redes planetárias de tecnologia de informação e suscitando a criatividade e fomentando a inovação. A diversidade comunicação colocam quase instantaneamente a sociedade actual na cultural na expressão linguística é por definição múltiplas identidades transformação técnica da experiência. linguísticas, a que têm sido visto num determinado território. A língua é um elemento da cultura e, simultaneamente, é a No âmbito de comunicação e de afirmação identitária, a língua e expressão verbal da cultura. A cultura é a ideia de costume e as a cultura são termos que se associam de um modo quase automático, crenças de uma comunidade com uma língua distinta, que um estabelecendo um paradigma sólido e coeso. A língua é, antes de indivíduo utiliza como meio de comunicação e utiliza-a ao mesmo mais, um processo interlocutivo (Rodrigues 1999), onde a relação tempo para identificar ou nomear o nome de coisas.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese in East Timor 37
    Berlie: Chinese in East Timor 37 Chinese in East Timor Identity, society and economy Jean A. Berlie 1 “Nowhere are there to be found people richer than the Chinese” (Ibn Battuta’s Travels, Itinerary 1332-1346). Introductory remarks The Chinese, coming to the coastal regions of Timor Island in the fourteenth century, were among the first who took an interest in trading the rich sandalwood from Timor. In Dili, more than five centuries later, theGuandi Pagoda and the Chinese Cemetery (Cina Rate in Tetum) in the Audian suburb stand as reminders of the long history of the Hakka Chinese in East Timor. The Hakka of Timor currently identify themselves as Timorese Chinese or simply “Timorese”. Language is an important part of the culture of any individual and of his/ her identity. The Timorese Chinese speak several languages: Hakka, Mandarin, Tetum – the national language – and Bahasa Indonesia. Many of them also speak Portuguese, the official language. All languages are useful, but the Constitution of East Timor rules that Tetum and Portuguese are the official languages. The evolution of education in East Timor is important for the Timorese Chinese. Until the 1980s the Chinese Secondary School of Dili was active in this field. The Timorese Chinese culture is distinguished from the Timorese culture in many ways. Courage is highly prized among the Timorese which is reflected in their attitudes to others. The Chinese feel obliged do business with their friends, classmates, and part- ners first. The Timorese have friends but their relationships with others are different. This article briefly presents my research on the Hakka Chinese of East Timor – mainly from eastern Guangdong Province – and other Han Chinese.
    [Show full text]
  • (IJLLT) the Case of East Timor Education Beyond Independence 20
    International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation (IJLLT) ISSN: 2617-0299 (Online); ISSN: 2708-0099 (Print) DOI: 10.32996/ijllt Journal Homepage: www.al-kindipublisher.com/index.php/ijllt The Case of East Timor Education beyond Independence 2000-2008 Yunita Reny Bani Bili Lecturer of English Education Department – Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia Corresponding Author: Yunita Reny Bani Bili, E-mail: [email protected] ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Received: October 12, 2020 The strong motive of East Timor government to establish a national identity Accepted: November 19, 2020 through education had brought serious issues. This writing primarily discusses Volume: 3 about the drawbacks regarding to East Timor language policy in education sector Issue: 11 during the period of 2000 – 2008. Spolsky’s framework was employed to analyze DOI: 10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.11.18 the sociolinguistics situation, working of national/ethnic/other identity within the community, minority language rights and English role as a global language. The KEYWORDS study was done by thorough library research in the related fields. The results show that while community language practice was ignored, the top-down language policy language policy, local languages, put more emphasis on Portuguese as the national identity language, Tetun Dili and education, national identity, English as the global language. As a result, the teachers and students were drawback disadvantaged due to the inability to speak Portuguese, Tetun Dili and English. Second, the strong socio-historical context and political affinity to Portugal and its language had given little role to local languages in Mother Tongue Based- Multilingual Education.
    [Show full text]
  • Out of the Ashes out of the Ashes Destruction and Reconstruction of East Timor James J
    Out of the Ashes Out of the Ashes Destruction and Reconstruction of East Timor James J. Fox and Dionisio Babo Soares (Editors) Published by the ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] Web: http://epress.anu.edu.au Previously published by Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd Bathurst 2795 New South Wales, Australia National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Out of the Ashes: The Destruction and Reconstruction of East Timor Bibliography. Includes index ISBN 0-9751229-1-6. 1. 2. I. Fox, James J., 1940– . II. Soares, Dionisio Babo, 19—, III. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University. 959.0000 All rights reserved. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organization. All electronic versions prepared inhouse Cover design by Brendon McKinley First edition © 2000 James J. Fox, Dionisio Babo Soares, et al This edition © 2003 James J. Fox, Dionisio Babo Soares, et al Printed by DigitalPrintAustralia, Adelaide Contents Foreword by Xanana Gusmão vii Preface ix Preface to the ANU E Press publication xi Contributors xiii Abbreviations and acronyms xvii Map of Timor xxii Map of East Timor xxiii Background 1 Tracing the path, recounting the past: historical perspectives on Timor James J. Fox 1 2 From province to nation: the demographic revolution of a people Terence H. Hull 28 3 East Timor: education and human resource development Gavin W. Jones 41 4 Political developments leading to the referendum Dionisio Babo Soares 53 5 The diplomacy on East Timor: Indonesia, the United Nations and the international community Grayson J.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 the Trans New Guinea Family Andrew Pawley and Harald Hammarström
    2 The Trans New Guinea family Andrew Pawley and Harald Hammarström 2.1 Introduction The island of New Guinea is a region of spectacular, deep linguistic diversity.1 It contains roughly 850 languages, which on present evidence fall into at least 18 language families that are not demonstrably related, along with several iso- lates.2 This immense diversity, far greater than that found in the much larger area of Europe, is no doubt mainly a consequence of the fact that New Guinea has been occupied for roughly 50,000 years by peoples organised into small kin-based social groups, lacking overarching political affiliations, and dispersed across a terrain largely dominated by rugged mountains and swampy lowlands, with quite frequent population movements. Among the non-Austronesian families of New Guinea one family stands out for its large membership and wide geographic spread: Trans New Guinea (TNG). With a probable membership of between 300 and 500 discrete languages, plus hundreds of highly divergent dialects, TNG is among the most numerous of the world’s language families.3 TNG languages are spoken from the Bomberai Pen- insula at the western end of mainland New Guinea (132 degrees E) almost to the eastern tip of the island (150 degrees E). Most of the cordillera that runs for more than 2000 kilometers along the centre of New Guinea is occupied exclusively by TNG languages. They are also prominent in much of the lowlands to the south of the cordillera and in patches to the north, especially from central Madang Province eastwards. There are possible outliers spoken on Timor, Alor and Pantar.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Attitudes Toward Tetun Dili, a Language of East Timor a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Division of the Universityof H
    ATTITUDES TOWARD TETUN DILI, A LANGUAGE OF EAST TIMOR A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITYOF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR IN PHILOSOPHY IN LINGUISTICS SPRING 2017 By Melody Ann Ross Dissertation Committee: Andrea Berez-Kroeker, chairperson Christina Higgins, chairperson Katie Drager Kamil Ud Deen Barbara Andaya Keywords: language attitudes, East Timor, Tetun Dili, ideologies, stance 1 Dedicated to the spirit and people of East Timor, hau nia rai doben husi huun to’o rohan. 2 Acknowledgments This work would not have been possible without the years of education I have received from the University of Hawaiʻi, but I must especially thank the members of my committee for their special dedication to my growth. To my amazing co-chairs, Andrea Berez-Kroeker and Christina Higgins, thank you for the revisions, the comments, the conversations, and most importantly, the patience. To the rest of my committee, Katie Drager, Kamil Ud Deen, and Barbara Andaya, thank you for your guidance, good humor, and willingness to prioritize me when I needed it. To the faculty and staff in the Department of Linguistics, thank you for teaching me, helping me, and encouraging me to cultivate my interests. My research has benefited hugely from the excellent mentors and academic examples I had around me every day. I am also hugely indebted to the Bilinski Educational Foundation, the College of Arts and Sciences, the Fulbright-Clinton Public Policy Fellowship program, and the Linguistics Endowment Fund for facilitating my research and travel. Sometimes I feel like the entire country of East Timor is looking out for me, but I need to thank a few people individually.
    [Show full text]
  • Perceptions of Language in East Timor (PDF)
    W O R K I N G P A P E R S I N L I N G U I S T I C S The notes and articles in this series are progress reports on work being carried on by students and faculty in the Department. Because these papers are not finished products, readers are asked not to cite from them without noting their preliminary nature. The authors welcome any comments and suggestions that readers might offer. Volume 46(4) November 2015 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA HONOLULU 96822 An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Institution University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa: Working Papers in Linguistics 46(4) DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS FACULTY 2015 Victoria B. Anderson Andrea Berez-Kroeker Derek Bickerton (Emeritus) Robert A. Blust Lyle Campbell Kenneth W. Cook (Adjunct) Kamil Deen Patricia J. Donegan (Chair) Katie K. Drager Emanuel J. Drechsel (Adjunct) Michael L. Forman (Emeritus) Gary Holton Roderick A. Jacobs (Emeritus) William O’Grady Yuko Otsuka Ann Marie Peters (Emeritus) Kenneth L. Rehg (Adjunct) Lawrence A. Reid (Emeritus) Amy J. Schafer (Acting Graduate Chair) Albert J. Schütz, (Emeritus, Editor) Jacob Terrell James Woodward Jr. (Adjunct) ii PERCEPTIONS OF LANGUAGE IN EAST TIMOR MELODY ANN ROSS Preston (1982) made a strong case for the validity and sophistication of speaker knowledge by demonstrating that individual and societal language use is the product of careful thought and reflection. Map tasks are a methodology commonly used by Preston and others in perceptual dialectology studies to gather data on a particular population’s perceptions of language use.
    [Show full text]
  • Phased Action Plan for the Oecusse Zeesm What Who Monitoring When Level of Resource Risks and Mitigation Measures Metric Difficulty Impact
    ACRONYMS BNCTL Banco Nacional Comersial de Timor-Leste BNU Banco Nacional Ultramarino CSO Civil Society Organisation CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DHS District Health Service DNTPSC National Directorate of Land and Property EC European Commission EDTL Electricidade de Timor-Leste FLD Lusitania Foundation for University and Entrepreneurial INGO International Non-Governmental Organisation ILO International Labour Organisation INR Ita Nia Rai INTERFET International Forces for East Timor MAFF Ministry Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries MCIA Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Environment OCAP Oecusse Community Activation Project PDD District Development Program PDID Integrated District Development Program PDL Local Development Program PEDN National Strategic Development Plan PNDS National Suco Development Program PWC District Working Committee SEP Secretariat of State for Fisheries SEED Social Enterprise and Economic Development Fund SEPI Secretariat of State for the Promotion of Equality SEPFOPE Secretariat of State for Vocational Training Policy and Employment SISCA Integrated Community Health Services TASK Technical Advisory Services and Knowledge Facility UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNTAET United National Transitional Administration for East Timor ZEESM Special Zones of Social Market Economy 2 CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary 5 2. Introduction 10 3. Vision of the Special Zones of Social Market Economy 15-16 4. Key Findings 17-54 a. Land and Property 17-19 b. Infrastructure 20-25 c. Economic Development 26-36 d. Social Capital 37-51 e. Institutions 52-54 5. The 5R Strategic Framework: Rules-Roles-Resources-Risk-Results 55-70 a. Roles 56-58 b. Rules 59-61 c. Resources 62-63 d. Risks 64-65 e. Results 66-70 6. Phased Action Plan 71-81 7.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 the Trans New Guinea Family Andrew Pawley and Harald Hammarström
    2 The Trans New Guinea family Andrew Pawley and Harald Hammarström 2.1 Introduction The island of New Guinea is a region of spectacular, deep linguistic diversity.1 It contains roughly 850 languages, which on present evidence fall into at least 18 language families that are not demonstrably related, along with several iso- lates.2 This immense diversity, far greater than that found in the much larger area of Europe, is no doubt mainly a consequence of the fact that New Guinea has been occupied for roughly 50,000 years by peoples organised into small kin-based social groups, lacking overarching political affiliations, and dispersed across a terrain largely dominated by rugged mountains and swampy lowlands, with quite frequent population movements. Among the non-Austronesian families of New Guinea one family stands out for its large membership and wide geographic spread: Trans New Guinea (TNG). With a probable membership of between 300 and 500 discrete languages, plus hundreds of highly divergent dialects, TNG is among the most numerous of the world’s language families.3 TNG languages are spoken from the Bomberai Pen- insula at the western end of mainland New Guinea (132 degrees E) almost to the eastern tip of the island (150 degrees E). Most of the cordillera that runs for more than 2000 kilometers along the centre of New Guinea is occupied exclusively by TNG languages. They are also prominent in much of the lowlands to the south of the cordillera and in patches to the north, especially from central Madang Province eastwards. There are possible outliers spoken on Timor, Alor and Pantar.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ethnolinguistic Situation in East Timor -- Current Work at The
    The U.S. Congress established the East-West Center in 1960 to foster mutual understanding and coopera- tion among the governments and peoples of the Asia Pacific region including the United States. Funding for the Center comes from the U.S. govern- ment with additional support provided by private agencies, individuals, corporations, and Asian and Pacific governments. East-West Center Working Papers are circulated for comment and to inform interested colleagues about work in progress at the Center. For more information about the Center or to order publications, contact: Publication Sales Office East-West Center 1601 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawaii 96848-1601 Telephone: 808-944-7145 Facsimile: 808-944-7376 Email: [email protected] Website: www.EastWestCenter.org EAST-WEST CENTER WORKING PAPERS International Graduate Student Conference Series No. 20, 2005 The Ethnolinguistic Situation in East Timor Ryoko Hattori, Matias Gomes, Frances Ajo, and Nelson Belo Ryoko Hattori, Matias Gomes, Frances Ajo, and Nelson Belo are graduate students at University of Hawaii at Manoa. They can be reached at [email protected]. This paper was presented at the 4th East-West Center International Graduate Student Conference, February 17-19, 2005 in Honolulu, Hawaii USA. East-West Center Working Papers: International Graduate Student Conference Series publishes graduate students' research in progress. This paper has been peer-reviewed. The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Center. Please direct orders and requests to the East-West Center's Publication Sales Office. The price for Working Papers is $3.00 each plus shipping and handling. The Ethnolinguistic Situation in East Timor --- Current Work at the University of Hawai’i Ryoko Hattori, Matias Gomes, Frances Ajo, Nelson Belo University of Hawai‘i at Manoa 0.
    [Show full text]