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DOCUMENT RESUME ti ED 114-087 4 95 IR302 716. AUTHOR Mielke, Keith W.1 And Others. ' TITLE The,.Federl Role Funding Children'sTelevision Televion Programthing. Vblume 1: Final Report. INSTITUTION: Indiana Univ., Bloomington. Instr. for Communication Researeph. SPONS AGENCY Officd of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. `, PUB DATE 30 App, 7.5 . CONTRACT 1 OECA-74-8674 NOTE 300p.; For a related dicument see IR 002 117 r EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 k.-$14.59 Plus Post'age' DESCRIPTORS Broadcast Television; *Children; Commericiar Television; Economically Disadvantaged; Educational Television; *Federal Aid;, 'Federal Programs; *Government Role.; Handicapped Children; Mass Media; Minority Group Children; *Programing (Broadcast); Public Television; Statistical Data; Tables (Data); *Television; Television Viewing IDENTIFIERS (*Office of Education ABSTRACT ,/ The_ UnitedStates Office of Education (USOE) ,policy in-funding purposive televisiOn programing for children was 1 ' investigated. Information and policy recommendations were gathered frdm existingisources in the general literature, UOE file materials, 10 single-topic commissioned papers, a 10-member advisory board, a Federal advisory. group, and interviews. Over 90 interviews were conducted in six locations, including Washington, D.C.,1with personnel directly involved in or knowledgeable about Ole dispensing . or utilization of Federal dollars.in support ofchildren's television programing. This final report provides a descriptive ma134.o"f the various components essential to an integrated system of broadcastipg; gives a side-by-side comparison of USOE's two major investments in children's programing (Children's-Television Workshop and series and P li spot announcements funded under the Emergency Schobl- Aid Act); and summarizes major policy issues, a natives, and recommendations. (Author/PF) ., , 0A1 I **********************************************************:********** a / Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * * materials not available from other sburces. ERIC makes every effort *' * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless,,items of marginal * 31e reproducibility are often encountered and thisaffecis the quality % * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC-makes.available * * via 'We ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not '* * responsible for the quality f the,original documpnt. Reproductions * *, supplied by E1?RS are thebestthat Can `be made fromathe original. * ********.****************,**********4*********************************. The Federal-Role inFu Telaision Prramming c..Z. - Volume I: Final Report 0..W E RS, NI1 I fir z 4 r- 4topipwa, DCCCI%** Institute for Communication ResearchI, ti as Department of Telecommu ications Indiana Univers' Bloomington, India a 4-4 - .!`t . TheeFederal 1161 in Funding Childre s Television Programming ,Board of Adviso Jathes A. Fellows Gerald S. Lesser Fay Fondiller HaroldMendelsohn HymanHowatd Goldin Frank W. Norwood . t Robert Heinich Edward. J. Pfister Joseph T. Klapper Eddie Smardan The Board of Advisdrs_was formed to provide guidance to the direction of the study and feedback as the ,s't'udy developed. The contents of Volume I reflect the judgments of the three Indiana Universi y researchers and the co tents of Votiume II: Commis- sioned pers reflect the opinip s of their reSpectivesuthors. Neither Volume I noVolume II ecessarily reflect"theposition of the Board of Advisors. / // v7 USOE Project/ Officer: ArthUY . Kirscheribaum4 0 Research Assistant: Mary Ann Eads I I /. 9 The FedersiRold inFunding Chldren's.Telev sion Programming '\ \ Volume I: 'El 1ReporE Keith W. ki lke Principal Invest gator Rolland C. Jbhnson Barry G.Cole \- . Institute,for Communication Research Department of. Telecommunications. 'Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana \, U.S DEPAR April 30, 19)5 hOLCATION 8:WELFARE 6 NAT.ONAl INSTITUTE OF .EOUGATION I THI, DOCUMENT HAS BEEN 1.2.2I2., , DUCED EXACT! -`! AS RECEIVED r kOM THE PERSON OR ukGANIZATION Ok IGit4 ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OP.NI DNS STATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY pEpaE SENT OFf ICIAL NATIONAL INSTI f U 'F I EDUCATION POSITION (R POI ICY This work was deVeloped under a contract with the U. S. Office -of Education, Departtent of Realth, Education, and Welfare, USOE OEC-0-74-8674. However, the opinions and other content. do not necessarily reflect the position or policy.etthe,agency, aA0 no official endorsement should'be inferred.s. 0 . - The Federal Role in Funding/Children's'Television Programming .41 Volume I: Final Report Table ofContents \ . 4 \ , ./4: , Executive Summary . ........ i Chapter One: Introduction 1 1 Background N, 1 The Investigation Strategy :.... Limitations on the Scope of the Inve4igation 5 Selection of Sites and Program Series e-- 9 Typeao Information Gathered / 12 Organiza foetheOlemainder of the Report/ 1' 13 . , . l . Chapter Two: ,Understanding Television:-: AudienCp, Hardware, and goftware Factors ...., 15/ - 15 -The Systemic Nature of Television . The In-Home Audience for -Television k . C. 16 t The In-School Audienc Rix. Television 23 30 Distribdtion Systema0- \ 4, Broadcast Television: Commercial e.... 30 BroadeaSt Television:, Public .....33 Other Technologies 39 ) Cable TeIevisioA (39. a Satellites 40 InstiluCtional Television Fixed er4ice(ITFS) 40 AliernatAre Media , 43 NIk Specialized Audiences ? 45 ., Needs of the Disadvantaged Child That MightBet-ft. I Addressed by Television .., . 47 Specialized/General Needs, Programmillg, Distribution Systems, and Audiences , . _48 Purposive Children's Television Fundi g: Some., Examples , N 54 Direct Federal Funding: VILLA ALEGRE 58 Direct Federal Funding: CARRASCOLENDA .. 60 Direct,Federal Funding Mixed with Indi ect nderal and Non-Federal ir SESAME "gTREET'and THE ELECTRIC COMPANY 63 Indirect Federll Fuddipg Mixed with Non Federal: ZOOM . 68 . 1 ,Indirect Stafe/Federal Funding Mixed.wi h Non-Federal: INSIDE/OUT . 71, Non-Federal Funding:' BIG BLIMMARkE 75 Summary ft . Chapter Three: The Federal Involvement in Childrea's)Television 79 Major Federal Soices for Television Programming Funds 82 Focus on CTW ' , 86 -Enabling Legislation: CTW ;......:.. .. ....87 . /Enabling Legislation: ESAA 93 Field Reactions 97 1 Table of Ocatents, coned. t. , Monies Allocated: CTW -97 The. Future % 104 Monies Allocated: ESAA . e e- 105 Administrative Location of the Project: CTW , ..-..-. 108 \Administrative- Location of -the Project: ESAA 110 Selection of the Program Content Areas: FTW :.., 113 'Selection of the Program *tent Areas: ESAA' 114 The Method of Announcing ProposalSolicitation: CTW 119 The MeQo8 of Announcing Proposal Solicitation: ESAA , 119' The Method of Applying forUunding: CTW 120 The Method of Applying for4Funding: ESAA - 1 120 Qualification Requirements for Applying for Funding: CTW , ...121 Qualification Requirements for Applying for.Funding: ESAA' 121 Length of Time. for Applying for Funding: CTW 2 Length of Time fot Applying fotFund.ing: ESAA The Method of Evaluating Proposals: CTW 125 The Method of Evaluating Proposals: ESAA 127 The Panel 128 . Criteria Used 2. Field Reactions .,.. 133 Negotiations with the Producer: CTW .133 Negotiationwith the Producertl ESAA 136 Monitoring DUring Production: CTW 147 , Monitoring During Production: ESAA 152' Final Product Submission: CTW 153 Final Pioduct.Submission:..ESA4 154 Funding Prospects for 4Y.75 and FY 76: The Special Projects Act 155 Chapter Foui: Policy Issues,' Alternatives, and Recommendations 159 . Introduction and General Point of View 159 Need for- Federal Funding 159' Federal Need to bnderstand Television 161 Dysfunctional Nature of Federal Interference 162 Assessing,Audience.Needa .1 164 Licensee Ascertainment 164 ACNO 165 ESAA 165 CPB '.166 Producer Generated 167 AIT: Assessment of Needs for In-School Television Programming 169 Conclusions /Recommendations on Needs Assessments 170 Funding and Administrative Issues 172 Attitudes. 172 Consistency /Inconsistency Among Legislative Requirements, Interpretations of Legislhtion,and the Systemic 'Requirement of TeAvision 173 COntracts.vs. Grants...) ,...... ... 176 Subcontracting: Competitive Bidding vs. Sole-Sourcing .. 179 Tabl f Contents, co it'd. , Copyrights 180 )Residtials 183 -DisRosal 'of Income 184 ysoE Prioriti\es Between Startins,a d Sustlining ,Children's Television Projeas 186 . Alternative Models for Developingmotional Programming for Children 197 \\The Production Agency Model of Program DeVelopment 197 The PBS Model of Progral Deve pment . L97 The CPB Model of Pxogiam Deve opment 198 .. Providing Alternatives and Le ting the Marketplace Deeide 199 USOE Use of an "External"`N4ional Profe1. ssionel 'Advisory soup .\.... ..."--. 201. Cooperative Fdnding for Different Parts of the1 --- Television Prgcess 202 Multiple vs. SingreFunder's 203 Value to USOE of "One-Stop Shopping" 203 '....- (USOE Funding and USOE Control - 204 Administrative Alternatives for USOE 204,8 Inter-agency artdIntra-agency AdVisory Panels 288 HEW Office -of Television 210 . USOE Office of Telecommunications 1 211 Federal' Use of Commercial TV 211 The Case for,Using CbdiMteicialTelevision 211 /Some Reasons for Caution ....4 , '212 ///The Reason Use of Commercial Television May Be' Possible Today 217 Making Maximum Use of USOE Children's Programming 221 "End of Funding" Considerations 224 Production r 225 Administrative Requirements . \ 225 Formats ....226 Judging Television. Pqtential from'Written Descriptions 227 - Opportunities for Loeal a Minority Involvements 229 Distribution, Promotion and
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  • Cultural Sensitivity in Western Torres Strait. Work Papers of SIL-AAIB, Series B Volume 14

    Cultural Sensitivity in Western Torres Strait. Work Papers of SIL-AAIB, Series B Volume 14

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 322 716 FL 018 671 AUTHOR Kennedy, Rod; Kennedl, Judy TITLE Adha Gara Tidi: Cultural Sensitivity in Western Torres Strait. Work Papers of SIL-AAIB, Series B Volume 14. INSTITUTION Summer Inst. of Linguistics, Darwin (Australia). Australian Aborigines Branch. REPORT NO ISBN-0-86892-335-4 PUB DATE Jan 90 NOTE 93p. AVAILABLE FROM Bookseller SIL, PO Berrimah, Darwin, NT 0828, Australia ($5.00). PUB TYPE Collected Works - Serials (022) -- Collected Works- General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Bilingual Education; Communication Research; *Cultural Traits; Foreign Countries; *Group Activities; *Intergroup Relations; *Interpersonal Relationship; Interviews; *Life Style IDENTIFIERS *Torres Strait ABSTRACT This series of articles, focusing on the Western Torres Strait Islander people, presents the following: "A Brief Introduction to Torres Strait Culture" (Rod Kennedy); "Some Guidelines for Relating to Torres Strait Islanders" (Rod Kennedy); "One Mouth Two Hands" (Rod Kennedy); "My Trading Friend in the Village of Mari" (Charlie Gibuma); "Islanders: A Different Work Ethic" (Rod Kennedy); "Working Together, Helping Each Other" (Jerry Anau); "Meetings and Discussions: Contrasting Styles" (Rod Kennedy); "Excerpts from an Interview with Canon Dai on Consensus and a Common Project" (Rod Kennedy); "Grass Foots Bilingual Education: A Note of Caution" (Rod Kennedy); "Sitting on the Mat of an Evening--Helping Our Children" (John Peter); "Wife-Lending: Conflicting Values" ((Rod Kennedy); "Adoption and Marriage in the Western Strait" (Rod Kennedy and Judy Kennedy); "Feasts: Celebration or Obligation?" (Judy Kennedy); and "The Intermediary and Social Distance in the Western Torres Strait" (Rod Kennedy). Recommended readings on Torres Strait culture and an order list of available work papers a:e appended.