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3 Povos E Águas Da Bacia Do Cuvelai Em Angola E Namíbia the Cuvelai

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3 Povos E Águas Da Bacia Do Cuvelai Em Angola E Namíbia the Cuvelai CUVELAI Povos e águas da Bacia do Cuvelai em Angola e Namíbia The Cuvelai Basin, its water and people in Angola and Namibia 3 CUVELAI The Cuvelai Basin Povos e águas its water and people in da Bacia do Cuvelai em Angola and Namibia John Mendelsohn and Beat Weber First published in 2011 Publicado pela by Development Workshop Development Workshop Angola CUVELAI The Cuvelai Basin Povos e águas its water and people in da Bacia do Cuvelai em Angola and Namibia Occasional Papers by pela Development Workshop (DW) Occasional Paper n°8 Publicado pela primeira vez em 2011 pela Development Workshop 1. Communities and Reconstruction ISBN 0-9688786-0-1 (2001) First published in 2011 by CP 3360 — Rua Rei Katyavala 113 2. Here in the City there is nothing left over for lending a hand Luanda — Angola ISBN 0-9688786-2-8 (2001) Website http://www.dw.angonet.org 3. Aqui na cidade nada sobra para ajudar ISBN 0-9688786-3-6 (2001) Email [email protected] 4. Palavras da comunidade Histórias do Planalto Central (2005) Tel +244 222 448 366 / 371 / 377 5. Terra — Urban land reform in post-war Angola: research, advocacy Fax +244 222 449 494 & policy development ISBN 0-9688786-5-2 (2005) 6. Terra — Reforma sobre a terra urbana em Angola no período pós-guerra: Autores Authors John Mendelsohn and Beat Weber pesquisa, advocacia & políticas de desenvolvimento ISBN 0-9688786-6-0 (2005) 7. What to do when the fighting stops — Challenges for post-conflict Tradução Translation Ana Bela Alves Primo reconstruction in Angola ISBN 0-9688786-7-9 (2006) Fotografias Photo credits A DW também publicou Development Workshop also published p 8 -9 Xx p 56 Quickbird Angola — Stories for trees — A collection of impressions, stories p x Arquivos Nacionais da Namíbia em Windhoek and recollections of Angola ISBN 0-9688786-4-4 (2002) National Archives, Windhoek p x Leonard Hengo, Departamento de Águas, Oshakati / Department of Water Affairs, To order a hard copy of the Occasional Papers, contact Development Workshop Oshakati. at [email protected]. You can also download the publications as PDFs at http://www.dw/angonet.org Grafismo Margrit Coppé Graphic design http://www.margritcoppe.be Para comprar um livro da série Occasional Papers sff contactar a Development Workshop Angola: [email protected]. Encontra-se as publicações em PDF Casa Gráfica John Meinert Printing no website da Development Workshop http://www.dw/angonet.org. Printer Windhoek, Namibia CUVELAI The Cuvelai Basin Povos e águas its water and people in da Bacia do Cuvelai em Angola and Namibia Agradecimentos Acknowledgements 6 Prólogo Foreword 10 Prefácio Preface 12 PARTE I. Introdução Introduction 15 Ambiente físico do Cuvelai — Physical environment of the Cuvelai 25 Condições socioeconómicas no Cuvelai — Socio-economic conditions in the Cuvelai 33 PARTE II. Rios, canais e baixas Rivers, channels and pans 45 Zonas de drenagem — Drainage zones 47 Ciclos de cheias e de secas — Cycles of wet and dry 75 PARTE III. Povos do Cuvelai People of the Cuvelai 87 Uma breve história — A brief history 91 A distribuição e número da população — The distribution and number of people 97 Áreas urbanas e urbanização — Urban areas and urbanization 109 A estrutura da população — The structure of the population 113 Anexo Appendix Dados sobre a distribuição e números Data on the distribution and numbers 120 das populações na Bacia do Cuvelai of people in the Cuvelai Basin Referências e notas References and notes 122 8 9 CUVELAI Povos e águas da Bacia do Cuvelai em Angola e Namíbia The Cuvelai Basin, its water and people in Angola and Namibia A BP Angola amavelmente providenciou BP Angola kindly provided a substantial uma substancial parte dos fundos usados part of the funding used to produce this para produzir esta publicação. Diversas publication. Several people provided pessoas forneceram informações e dados useful information and data for the úteis sobre a Bacia do Cuvelai e também Cuvelai Basin and also comments on comentários no manuscrito: Nad Brain, the manuscript: Nad Brain, Allan Cain, Allan Cain, Margrit Coppé, Helge Margrit Coppé, Helge Denker, Denker, Katjizeu Mc-cloud, Roy Miller, Katjizeu Mc-cloud, Roy Miller, Pauline Mufeti, Ken O’Connel, Pauline Mufeti, Ken O’Connel, Manuel Quintino, Paul Robson, Manuel Quintino, Paul Robson, Roger Swart, Guido van Langenhove Roger Swart, Guido van Langenhove e Luis Verissimo. Martin Mendelsohn and Luis Verissimo. Martin Mendelsohn produziu muitos dos mapas e gráfi cos. produced many of the maps and graphs. Um reconhecimento especial à disponi- Special recognition goes to Google bilização de imagens do Google Earth Earth for making available images o que torna os estudos e compilações which makes studies and compilations deste tipo mais fáceis e ricos. of this kind much easier and richer. 11 Prólogo Foreword Esta compilação de informações tem Os outros dois capítulos focam, The Cuvelai Basin is perhaps unique Likewise, members of civil society como foco a forma como correm as respectivamente, a hidrologia in the world as a drainage system that organisations, and of disaster and águas na Bacia do Cuvelai e as pessoas e a demografia do Cuvelai. consists of hundreds of channels that development agencies should have que aí vivem. Ambos os aspectos join and separate thousands of times. more information on which to base chamaram a atenção, recentemente, Pretendemos que esta seja uma Most of the channels are dry for much their planning and humanitarian work.1 devido aos níveis acima do normal publicação preliminar, a qual deverá of the year. The flows that do occur das águas e às inundações dos últimos ser seguida por uma mais ampla vary between slow trickles and massive The introduction to the book sets out três anos. Estradas, pontes, habitações, descrição e análise de muitos tópicos floods that slowly make their way the basic geography of the Cuvelai: its empresas ficaram danificadas e algumas não cobertos aqui, assim como dos down the drainage system. All the water climate, soils, vegetation, socio-economic pessoas perderam a vida nas enxurradas. que exigem um maior enfoque. evaporates, is transpired by plants, or processes and landscapes, while the other seeps away into the ground. This is an two chapters focus on the hydrology and Espera-se que as informações disponibi- inland drainage with no outlet to the sea. demography of the Cuvelai, respectively. lizadas nesta publicação assim como os conjuntos de dados que foram Another special feature is the Cuvelai’s We envisage this as a preliminary recolhidos para o projecto venham position as a trans-boundary wetland publication which should be followed a contribuir para que os funcionários that is shared almost equally in extent by a more thorough description and públicos de Angola e Namíbia tenham between Angola and Namibia. Compared analysis of the many topics not covered uma nova percepção da natureza to surrounding areas and much of here, as well as those that require greater e das potenciais consequências das southern Africa, the Cuvelai is home coverage. inundações. Do mesmo modo, to a very large number of people, largely membros das organizações da sociedade because of the presence of shallow civil e agências de emergência e de groundwater and relatively fertile soils desenvolvimento deveriam ter mais in many areas. The Cuvelai Basin is informação sobre a qual basear os seus indeed a special place ! planos e trabalho humanitário.1 It is hoped that the information provided A introdução do livro apresenta here will allow public servants in Angola a geografia básica do Cuvelai: seu clima, and Namibia to understand the nature solos, vegetação, processos e cenários and potential consequences of flooding socioeconómicos, e as várias caracterís- in new ways. ticas que fazem da Bacia do Cuvelai um lugar pouco comum no mundo, e com certeza muito especial. 12 13 CUVELAI Povos e águas da Bacia do Cuvelai em Angola e Namíbia The Cuvelai Basin, its water and people in Angola and Namibia Prefácio Manuel Quintino Preface Manuel Quintino Director Nacional de Recursos Hídricos National Director of Water Resources Ministério da Energía e Águas Angolano Angolan Ministry of Energy and Water O livro ‘Povos e Águas da Bacia do Cuvelai recorrem à águas subterrâneas para sua Th e book ‘Th e Cuvelai Basin — its water and hand-dug wells in the area, which em Angola e na Namíbia’ de autoria do sobrevivência. Mesmo assim, devido and people in Angola and Namibia’, when found are often brackish, the Dr. John Mendelsohn e do Dr Beat a escassez de furos e cacimbas na zona, que written by Dr. John Mendelsohn and people’s lives are quite diffi cult due Weber, uma feliz iniciativa da Organi- na maioria dos casos possuem águas salobras, Dr. Beat Weber is a welcome initiative to the inadequate water supply. zação Não Governamental Development a vida das populações tem sido bastante of the NGO Development Workshop Workshop (Angola) e do patrocinador difícil em termos de abastecimento de água. (Angola) and their sponsors BP Angola. Among the main livelihood activities BP Angola. O livro descreve o sistema Th e book describes the river system, practised by local people are rain-fed fl uvial, povos e costumes desta bacia hidro- Dentre as principais actividades de peoples and customs of this international agriculture and extensive livestock gráfi ca internacional que é partilhada entre subsistência praticadas pela populações river basin shared between the Republics raising, principally cattle. as repúblicas de Angola e da Namíbia. locais destacam-se a agricultura de sequeiro of Angola and Namibia. e a criação extensiva de gado, com pre- Over the past three hydrological years Esta bacia hidrográfi ca também chamada dominância para o gado bovino. Th is river basin, also called the Etosha or (2008-2011) the Cuvelai Basin has de Bacia do Etosha ou Bacia do Kwanyama, Kwanyama Basin, has a geographical area experienced extensive fl ooding, with tem uma superfície geográfi ca de 159.620 Nos últimos três anos hidrológicos of 159,620 km², of which 52,158 km² negative repercussions including the loss km², repartidos em 52.158 km² (32,68%) (2008-2011) a Bacia do Cuvelai conheceu (32.68%) is in Angola and 107,462 km² of human lives and property.
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