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Climate Change, Employment and Local Development in Poland”, OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers, 2011/22, OECD Publishing

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Climate Change, Employment and Local Development in Poland”, OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers, 2011/22, OECD Publishing Please cite this paper as: Miranda, G. et al. (2011), “Climate Change, Employment and Local Development in Poland”, OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers, 2011/22, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kg0nvfvwjd0-en OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers 2011/22 Climate Change, Employment and Local Development in Poland Gabriela Miranda, Randall W. Eberts, Elvira González, Vanessa Foo, Przemyslaw Kulawczuk Climate Change, Employment and Local Development POLAND CLIMATE CHANGE, EMPLOYMENT AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND A report by the Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) SEPTEMBER 2011 ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where governments work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. © OECD 2011 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) [email protected]. 5 FOREWORD Poland is an important country in Europe in terms of its strategic position neighbouring three key non- EU partners, a large coastal border and a vast share of land used for agriculture and mining. Poland imports a significant amount of energy, notably gas. The country also has a longstanding tradition in coal mining, putting a lot of international pressure on its energy consumption. Some of the key economic sectors remain very conventional, being unable to absorb the large number of skilled workers entering the labour market. This has led to a significant outflow of workers to other EU countries, and to the stagnation of some economic activities that could potentially move up the value chain and contribute to job creation and wealth. Since its accession to the EU in May 2004, Poland has undergone a series of adjustments to bring it into line with European regulations. Among these, mitigating and adapting to climate change are becoming key to the government‟s agenda, both at national and local levels. In this sense, the EU and other international organisations, including the OECD, have launched a series of work to identify opportunities and barriers to green growth, while maintaining economic development and job creation. The OECD understands green growth as a way to pursue economic growth and development, while preventing environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity and unsustainable use of natural resources. Green growth implies decoupling economic and environmental performances and making investment in the environment a driver of economic growth. This is challenging for a country like Poland where the environment is traditionally perceived as an “ecological” matter rather than an “economic” opportunity. As a contribution to this international debate, the OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme proposed the project „Climate Change, Employment and Local Development‟ to examine the impacts of climate change on labour markets and local development, as well as to assist participant countries and regions to manage the transition to a green economy. Poland decided to join this project with two regions, Podlaskie and Pomorskie. Besides Poland, participants in the project include Extremadura (Spain), London (UK), and Sydney (Australia). The project has received financial support from the European Commission. I believe that Poland‟s commitment to the pursuit of green growth will bear fruit, allowing for job creation and economic development in a more sustainable and equitable way. The findings of this report will undoubtedly contribute to fine-tuning a strategy for Poland to pursue and actions for it to implement to move forward in the right direction. Poland‟s leadership in this direction, namely with the EU Presidency currently in its hands, will certainly result in a positive outcome on a larger scale. Sergio Arzeni Director, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship Head, OECD LEED Programme CLIMATE CHANGE, EMPLOYMENT AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND OECD © 2011 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study would not have been possible without the continuous support of our partners in Poland, notably the Ministry of Regional Development. The OECD is particularly grateful to Mr. Pawel Chorazy, Delegate of Poland to the OECD LEED Committee for engaging in this project. Thanks are also due to Mr. Przemyslaw Herman and Mrs. Joanna Obarymska-Dzierzgwa for their assistance in revising the various drafts of this report and in preparing the study visit (March 28 – April 1, 2011). Additional thanks go to the various actors in Podlaskie and Pomorskie that took the time to meet with the OECD international expert team during the study visit and provided invaluable insights to this study. The work was supervised by Ms. Gabriela Miranda of the OECD LEED Secretariat, who also took part in the international expert team and prepared this report. In addition, the international expert team consisted of the following experts: Prof. Randall Eberts, President, Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, USA; Mrs. Elvira González, Economist at the Tomillo Centre for Economic Studies in Spain; Ms. Vanessa Foo, Senior Analyst at The Economist Intelligence Unit in the UK; and Prof. Przemyslaw Kulawczuk, University of Gdansk in Poland. Special thanks also to Dr. Cristina Martinez-Fernandez from the OECD LEED Secretariat for ensuring the participation of Poland in this project and providing comments for the finalisation of this report. Ms Kay Olbison edited this report. This report was prepared with the financial support of the EC, DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunity. CLIMATE CHANGE, EMPLOYMENT AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND OECD © 2011 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 11 Key recommendations ............................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 1: THE GREEN ECONOMY IN POLAND ............................................................................ 17 General socio-economic facts and figures ................................................................................................. 17 Employment in the green economy in Poland ........................................................................................... 19 National policies that impact the green economy ...................................................................................... 21 Regional programmes that impact the green economy .............................................................................. 24 Policy system for the green economy ........................................................................................................ 27 Overall assessment of the green economy ................................................................................................. 29 CHAPTER 2: TRANSFORMATION OF THE LABOUR MARKET ....................................................... 33 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... 33 Policy issues ............................................................................................................................................... 33 Analysis of Poland ..................................................................................................................................... 33 Challenges and Opportunities ...................................................................................................................
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