UST OF EXECUTIVES With their Addresscs-CoDneded with the Maliona! Organizalion Masters, Males and Pilots 01 America CAPT. fI. MARTIN CAPT. EASTER C. DANIELS N*ntlonal President, National Vice President, b Moore St.• 01., N. Y. 728 E. 51st St., Stwanmlh, Ga. CAPT. HORACE F. STROTHER GEORGE HAVILAND National Vice PreJlident. Appl,"(mticc Vice Prllllidcnt. 2022 Oaldand Ave., Piedmont, Calif. 621 West 51st St., CAPT. DENIS MCCARTHY J. J. SCULLY National Vice President, National Seeretary-Treasurer 5 Rowes Wharf, noston 10, Mass. 15 Moore St., New ¥ol"k 4. N. Y. CAPT. C. F. MAY CAPT. GEORGE W. MCVAY National Vice President. National Trulltee, 20g California St., U. CaliCo 302 New York Ave., Providence. R. I. CAPT. STANLEY BARR CAPT. B. T. HURST National Vice President. National Trust(!(!. 233 Superior Blvd.• Wyandottc. Mich. 601 Portlock Did;>., 109 W. Ta:o:cwcll St., Norfolk 10. Vn. CAPT. WM. J. VAN BUREN CAPT. L. L. DERRICKSON National Vicc President, National Trustee. 848 Devon St., Arlington, N. J. 240 So. Srd St., Philadelphia, I'll. CAPT. E. W. HIGGINBOTHAM CAPT. H, P. FORREST National Vice President, District Deputy of the Pnnama Canal, P. O. Box 54.0, Mobile 4, Ala. P. O. Box 223, Gamboa, Canal Zone. CAPT. CLAYTON B. DIBBLE CAPT. GEORGE M. ANTRAINEIl. National Vicc President, National District Deputy Western Rivcrt!, 34 Hillcrest Ave., CoJlinC:'l'vood, N. J. Room 912, Cotton Belt Bldg., 4.08 Pine St., St. Lou;", 2. Mo. PAST PRESIDENTS National Organization Masters, Mates and Pi lois 01 America +CAl''j'. 1i'UANK H. WARD (l88'i) New York ,CAPT. HORACE F. STnoTHER (1929 to 1930), Pied- "CAPT. GEORGE S. TUTHILL (1888), ', N. Y. mont, Calif. •. • CAPT. WM. S. VAN KUREN (1889R99!, Albany, N. Y. ·CAPT. FR~~.C. BOYER (1930 to 1936). Phliadelplllu, ·CAPT. WM. S. DURKEE (1899 to 1901) Boston, Mass. *CAP'l'. JAMES J. DELANEY (1936 to 1944). Jersey ·CAPT. ,JOIIN C. SILVA (1901 to 1908), Boston, Mass. City. N. J. "'CAPT. JOHN H. PRUETT (1908 to 1929), Brooklyn, * Deceased. N. Y. tResigned effective July 1. ID30. doe to ilInCll". SECRETAIUES OF LOCALS National Organization Masters, Males and Pilots of America I. CAPT••JOUN J. SCULLY 28. CAPT. GEORGE M. ANTRAINIR 15 Munre St., New York -I. N. Y. Room 912, Cotton Bclt Building, (Phone~ Bowling Green 9-4(766) 0108 Pine Strect. St.. I..ouis 2, Mo. 2. CAl"J'. L. L. DERRICKSON PhonE.' CEntral 6903) 241) S. Third St.• philadelnhia 6, Pl'.. 30. CAPT. C. S. TOWNSHEND 3. CAPT. C. DEMOOY P. o. HOll: H24, Crl"tubnl. Gllnnl Zone 829 Pavon;a Ave., Jcrney City 6, N. J. 33. CAPT. H. J. DELATRE 4. CAPT. E. W. HIGGINBOTHAM Hi' W. 7 U h St.• Chlr..llll'O, III P. O. Box 540. Mobile 4, Ala. 36. CAPT. S. W. EnLEMAN (Phone 2R1294) 228 Hay Street, East 5. CAPT. R. M. ANGELL P. O. nox 136. Savannall. Gn. 24 Ninth St., Eallt Pro"ldl!ne•• R. I. 40. CAPT. H. F. STROTHER (Phonc: E. providenee 1695·W) Room 21. Fer..,. Bldg.. $an Franclacu, c... nf. 6. CAPT. JOHN M. Fox 46. CAPT. BERNARD STORY 117 Canodinn Nationnl Dock. Seattle 4, Wanh. 123 Isabella St., Osedenllburi:. N. Y. (Phone: Elliott 01927) 47. MR. LAWRENCE W. HUSTON 8. MR. MIOHAEL E. KATONA !J2ii7 nisholl Road, 24. Mich. 231101 Smith Tower, Seattle 4, WDllh. (Phone: TUxedo 1·3875) (PUll'ct Sonnd Pilofll' AODoclatlonl 50. CAPT. THOMAS FAGEN !J. CAPT. B. T. HURST 83 East Morris Ave., Buffnlo nm. 601, Portlock Bldg., 109 W. Ta~ewllll St., 51. MR. WM. J. MCCAULEY Norfolk 10, Va. 1434 Bankeu' BJdl/:., 208 E. Wlawnllin Av... 11. CAPT, DENIS MCCARTHY MiJwallkce 2. Wi~. No.5 Rowell Wharf, BOllton Ill, ldDQIJ. 7.1. CAPT.•JAMES E. SWAN 12. CAPT. E, V. HAVILAND c/o PlIob!' Office, Adg:eJ:. Wh...rt. Oh...rle&llon, 8. C. 247 "n" Ave., Coronado, C...Ut. H~. CAPT. HARRY MARTIN J4. CAPT. JAMES M. Form 90 Weill; St., Room 213, New York G, N. Y. nOr. E. Baltimore St., Haitimore 2, Md. Cortland 7~3065. (Phone: CAlvert 06901) . 89. CAPT. T. SMITH 16. CAPT. C. H. HANSEN clo Pilau' Omce. Hulkhe...d Pier No.7, 6115~6 Godchaux Bldrr.. New Or]o:oans 16. La. San Francillco, Calif. (Phone Raymond 9266) 90. CAPT. C. F. MAY, President 16. MR. F. W. SMITH 209 California St.• Snn Franeisco 11, Calif. CoJllmbia River Pilot:l. Room 517, Oregon 01r11t.. (Phone G:trfield 8177) Portland 01, Oreg. 17. MR. W, FISCHER Apprentice Local, No.1 1I05 Hllnry Bldlt., Portland, Ortlt'. CAPT. JOHN J. SCULLY (Phone: DEacon 6572) 15 Moore St.• New York ., N. Y. 18. CAPT. F. C. MEYER Apprentice Local, No.2 617 Palo~ VerrlcD ~t .. San Pedro, Callr. CAPT. B. T. HURST 19. CAPT. NORMAN SMITH Rm. 6111, Portlock llldg., 109 W. Tmwwcll St.• Coos River, Marshfield, Oree:. NorIollt 10, Va. 2J. CAPT. JOHN YORDT 407% 21st St.. GalTeston. Tt::. Apprentice Local, No.3 21. LOUIS KAU CAPT. GEORGE M. ANTRAJNER Moanalull. Gardens. Honolulu, Hawaii. 912 CoHan Bell nldg., 0108 Pine St.• St. ' .... "in 2. Mo. 22. CAPT. D. L. BEINER'I' Apprentice Local No.5 e/Q Sandy Hook Pilou. 2.4 State St., New Y"rk. N. Y. MR. LAWRENCE W. HUSTON 23. CAPT. KARL P. PARKER 9257 Bishop Rd. Columbia River Pilots, Foot or 11th St., Detroit 24, Mich. Astoria. (lrl'c. Apprentice Local, No.6 24. CAPT. A. B. SpAULDING Foot of East Beavllr St.•.Tncksonvi1lc 2, Fla. CAPT. L. L. DERRICKSOI' 2~0 South Third St.. philadelphia. Pa 25. MR. W. H. GRIFFITH 1i49 Wabash Building, 22, Pa. Apprentice Local, No.7 27. CAPT. C. G. RICKARDS SAMUEL DOWNEY P O. Box 25, Gamboa, Canal Zone Honolulu. Hawaii

".~---- ffhe Master~ Mate and Pilot ~iOfficial Journal of tho National Organization of Masters, Matos and Pilots of Americ/:I. Published by tho Organization on tho ISih of ••ch ,:. month lit 810-16 Rhode Island Ave.• N. E., Washington 18. D. C.

MAY, 1945 NO.5 :rTreasury Rules on Income Tax Puzzle

ilPresident Martin, NOMMP, Reveals Information Received Concerning Payment of Income Tax From Earnings of Merchant Mariners While at Sea

TREASURY DEPARTMENT should include the amounts withdrawn during the Marcll 31, 1945. voyage and allotments paid to the seaman's family. , President, National Organization Masters, The tax withheld from such wages may not be pro­ Mates and Pilots of America. rated between the years 1944 and 1945, but is appli­ DEAR SIR: cable only to the year 1945. Reference is made to your letter dated March 20, Sufficient information has not been submitted to 1945, with which was enclosed a statement of wages enable this office to determine whether the entire paid Mr. Nils H. Wenngren, who is a member of amount paid Mr. Wenngren in 1945 should be re­ ( your organization. ported in his 1945 return. If he reports his income It is stated that the members of your organization on the cash receipts and disbursements basis he who receive wages at the end of their voyage which should report in each year all the wages actually begins in one year and ends in the succe~ding year or constructively received by him in each year, even object to including the entire amount of such wages though such wages were earned in a different year. in their gross incomes in the year in which the wages The allotments actually made and paid and amounts are paid; that under the circumstances such indi­ actually withdrawn during 1944 are includible in viduals will have to pay a higher tax rate than they his 1944 income whether he is on the cash or accrual would if the earnings for each year were included in basis, even thongh such amounts are included in his their returns for such year; and that in the case of Form W-2 (Rev.) for 1945. Ifthe amount of wages Mr. Wenngren, whose voyage began June 22, 1944, reported by Mr. Wenngren on his return, according and ended February 20, 1945, you feel that he should to his method of reporting income, does not agree be furnished with separate statements of wages paid with the amount of wages reported by his employer '. for 1944 and 1945. You request to be advised on Form W-2 (Rev.), then he should attach to his whether a ruling can be made whereby all seafaring return an explanatory statem,ent, which will be taken men in the Merchant Marine will not be penalized, into consideration when his return is audited by the because of the fact that they are out at sea while Bureau. earning their wages. It is recognized that seamen who report on the The Federal income tax law, as passed by the cash receipts and disbursements basis, and whose Congress, and the regulations promulgated there­ wages are paid at the end of each voyage, will, under under, provide that every employer shall furnish to certain circumstances, be required to report in one each employe a withholding receipt on Form W-2 year a substantial portion of the income earned in (Rev.), showing the wages paid and the amount of a prior year. However, the Bureau has no authority to permit a taxpayer who reports his income on tax withheld during the calendar year. Therefore, the cash receipts and disbursements basis to report in the case of a seaman who is paid in 1945 for his such income in the year in which it is earned rather services at the end of his voyage which began in than in the year in which it is actually or construc­ 1944 and ended in 1945, the employer is required, tively received. under the law and regulations, to include in Form Very truly yours, W-2 (Rev.) the amount of wages paid for the voyage NORMAN D. CANN, in the year in which such wages are paid, which Deputy Commissioner. The United States Merchant Marine in the War

In 1939 the British Empire con­ . The first Liberty ship required 244 New construction accounts for more trolled about one-third of the world's days to build. By the end of 1943, than 75 per cent of the ships under ocean shipping and the United States the average building time for all Lib­ control of the War Shipping AdminM about one-seventh. The United States erty shipyards was under 40 days. istration. Almost 20 per cent were now has more than the rest of the o requisitioned from shipping companies world combined. .The oceangoing ships built by the and the rest were acquired from for­ o Maritime Commission since 1937 are eign nations, Maritime Day, May 22, was created 30 to 40 per cent larger than those o built during the previous war. by Congress in 1933 to commemorate o When control of the Mediterran· annually the departure of the 8.S. ean was regained by the Allies, the Savannah from Savannah, Ga., in Ten to twelve months were required in 1917-18 to build an ocean-going round-about ship routings by which 1819 on the first transocean crossing essential materials from some areas using steam propulsion. ship. Liberty ships, though a third larger, were built in 1943 in as little were brought to America were cut o as 16 days in regular production in in point of time by about 50 per cent. Trained personnel of the American one of the most efficient yards. o Merchant Marine has increased from o The Victory cargo vessel has two about 55,000 at Pearl Harbor to 215,­ AmericaTs wartime shipbuilding ca­ and a half times the cubic refrigera­ 000 in March, 1945. pacity for oceangoing vessels is 2,000 tion capacity of the Liberty ship. o or more annually, provided manpower o The Department of Commerce esti­ and materials are available. mates that United States foreign o About half the fast dry cargo ves­ trade after the war may reach to six Twenty - eight oceangoing cargo sels built in the last half of 1944 aUII or seven billion dollars in each direc­ ships were the total of construction the first part of 1945 are for ultimate tion, in terms of 1942 prices. by the Maritime Commission in 1939, use of the armed services, as special o Sixty-four times that many were combat vessels, troop transports, hos­ built in 1943, in addition to more than pital ships and other types. Two-thirds of the world's merchant 100 military vessels and numerous o fleet now flies the American flag. small craft. o o The American merchant seaman is a Despite the tremendous wartime More than 78 million long tons of civilian,· serving voluntarily, and merchant shipping losses suffered by cargo left United States ports in 1944. though often under enemy action has the United Nations, they had been About 50 per cent was for the Army, no military status. replaced in the aggregate before the 10 per cent for the Navy, 30 per cent • end of 1943 by production in Ameri­ for lend-lease goods and the remainder There are 121,000 board feet of lum_ can shipyards. was essential civilian 'cargo. ber in a Liberty ship and 72,000 o o square feet of plywood. To effect delivery of three badly . Twelve of every 100 American ships o needed cargo vessels that were ice­ taking supplies to Russia in 1943 were sunk by enemy action. In March, Merchant seamen are insured by bound in Maritime Commission yards the government in amounts up to on the Great Lakes in January, a 1944, the rate of loss fell to one in every 100. $5,000 for death, and up to $7,000 for new $10,000,000 ice breaker was given o disability from war or marine risks. a successful trial. A 70-foot path Coverage within these limits is with­ was cut through heavy icc. in the Soo All-concrete refrigerated barges built by the Maritime Commission for out charge and additional life insur­ Canal and St. Marys river districts. ance may be purchased up to $15,000 The three vessels made the trip from the Army, each capable of holding a thousand tons of fresh meat, fruit, ice at low rates. Duluth to with ease, opening o the definite possibility of all-winter and ice cream are used as food depots traffic on that route. in the South Pacific. Propulsion machinery of the geared o o turbine Victory ships range from A shipyard with 50 ways bujlt 69 6,000 to 8,500 horsepower and will The nation's wartime merchant riveted ships aggregating 517,000 provide speeds up to 17.5 k-nots, comM shipbuilding capacity has been in­ deadweight tons in 1919. In 1943 a pared to the Liberty's 11 kl].ots. creased considerably by building ocean l2-way Maritime Commission yard o vessels on the Great Lakes. The only turned out 205 welded ships totaling way of getting these large vessels to 2,150,000 tons. One of the breath-taking innoya­ salt water is via the Chicago drainage o tions of the war was creation of ar­ canal and IllinoisMMississippi river Strategic control of Allied ship­ tificial harbors on the Normandy system to New Orleans. Superstruc­ ping is vested in the American-Brit­ coast to penuit unloading of troops tures are removed to get under Chi­ ish Combined Shipping Adjustment and supplies for the invasion of cago bridges, and steel pontoons are Board, which directs operations from France. Thirty-two obsolete or bad. attached to the sterns for the river Washington and London. ly damaged vessels were sunk to form trip, to lift them out of shallow o breakwaters, buttressed by concrete water. Control of United Nations ocean piers constructed especially for the o shipping after VEMday will remain purpose in England and towed across The Liberty ship construction pro­ with the United Maritime Authority, the Channel by tugs. One thousand gram of the Maritime Commission, composed of representatives of the merchant seamen volunteered for the after producing more than 2,500 ships United States, United Kingdom, Bel­ task. The artificial harbors replaced in three and one-half years, will end gium, Greece, Norway, Canada, The some of the advantages of the natural in 1fJ45. Fastel' and more modern Netherlands and Poland. Its au­ facilities destroyed by the Germans vessels are now being built in Com­ thoritv extends to six months after and gave the Allies the choice of land­ mission yards. the f;ll of Japan. ing beaches.

[2] THE MASTER, MATE AND PILOT te Schedule for Tug Captains in Boston Harbor When Docking and Undocking

In order to clear up a situation that was causing considerable annoyance to the officers of cal No. 11, Boston, Mass., as well as to shipowners and others concerned, regarding fees llectible by tug captains for assisting; in docking and undocking ships in Boston Harbor and ibutaries, Vice President McCarthy, in charge of the Eastern District representing the NOMMP prepared a letter under date of March 23 including the schedule at the end of this article to govern same and sent it to all shipowners, operators and agents of the WSA.

March 23, 1945. held up because the WSA auditors would not approve them. This situation is causing a lot of discontent and uneasiness all Steamship Owners, Operators and Agents, among the Captains involved. I am, therefore, making an at Shipping Administration, effort to correct the disputes continually coming to us be­ ort of Boston, Massachusetts. cause of conflicting bills rendered for the same service, if it Gentlemen: is possible, and request cooperation in this etYort. 5­ On or about November 1, 1941, the National Organization I have prepared a uniform schedule of rates which is the "I Masters, Mates and Pilots of America, Local No. 11, Boston, same as was approved by the organization on November 1, te Mass., approved a schedule of Pilot Rates for Tug Masters .1 1941, and havc amended the rates to classify types of vessels s- for assisting in docking and undocking vessels in Boston COVered by such rates, together with other items which have R~rbor and tributaries_ Some of the local companies were as their purpose to further clarify the intent and meaning forwarded copies of the rates. Some months later, another of which is which and who is who. I have also included a schedule of rates was issued for the same service, differing the Collier l:ates, which are now in effect and which will d slightly from the first rates, and I believe these were also continue to function without change. The Collier rates have IS mailed to some companies; therefore there were two rates been approved by the Collier Group and by the WSA, and covering the same jobs. they appear here merely as a matter of information. Shortly after the second schedule of rates was in circu­ We respectfully request wholehearted cooperation in this lation, disputes began to come to our office from the operators matter and hope for concurrence in our suggestion in sub­ Gn the one hand, to find out which was the correct rate, and mitting this Uniform Schedule of Rates covering Tug Boat from the Tug Captains on the other, to find out why their Captains for service rendered in docking and undocking ves­ bills were held up, and that situation has continued up to sels in the Port of Boston and tributaries. y now. Neither of the rates provided any classification of ves­ Very truly yours, o r sels to which the rates should apply. This helped to create DENIS MCCARTHY, more disputes because a Captain, not knowing what the other National Vice President; Secretary~ Captain put in for, would submit a bill making a different Treasurer Of Local No. 11, charge for the same job, with the result that payments were Boston, Mass. o

i , UNIFORM SCHEDULE OF RATES FOR TUG CAPTAINS FOR ASSISTING IN DOCKING OR UNDOCKING 1 IN BOSTON HARBOR AND TRIBUTARIES The following rates are for ships in Intercoastal, Coastwise and Offshore trades, including Tankers, but not including ships in the regular Collier trade. Boston Upper Harbor; Stream or Anchorage A-Docking below bridges _ $10.00 F-From Nantasket Roads to upper harbor :;i35.00 B-Shifting from dock to dock below bridges 10.00 G-From NantasItet Roads to Quincy (Fore River) G-Docking above one bridge.. _ 15.00 or tributaries 35.00 H-Rates for Lynn, Mass., $1.25 per foot draft. D-Shifting from above a bridge to above another I-Rates for Beverly, Mass., $1.50 per foot draft. bridge 20.00 J-Salem and Boston, from sea, regular established Pilot E-From quarantine to upper harbor 25.00 rates. (Ships temporarily diverted to carry coal, arc not classified as Colliers, therefore, they al'e subject to the Off Shore Rates.) Approved by the National Organization Masters, Mates and Pilots of America, Local No. 11, Boston, Mass., March 12, 1945. Effective April 1, 1945, and to continue for the duration of the war and six months thereafter. Approved \vithout change and effective as of March 18, 1943. Collier Rates, Boston Upper Harbor From stream or dock above or below one bridge $ 5.00 Shifting from above bridge to dock below bridges 10.00 DENIS MCCARTHY, Shifting from dock to dock below bridges _ 10.00 National Vice Pl'esident, and Secy.-Treas. of Local No.1!.

MAY, 1945 [3] Free Trade Union Fund Labor-Management Harmony Is of Highest Importance Aids Shipbuilding, Report Says

The possibility of an early victory over Germany The connection between Labor-Management and sharply emphasizes the importance of restoring better construction is shown by recent experience of bona fide organizations in devastated Europe. members of the Maritime Bureau of Survey on the West Coast in their tour of coastal yards who re­ Realizing this, the A. F. of L.'s Free Trade Union port improved workmanship contributed by Labor­ Committee, currently raising $1,000,000 or more for Management Committees. this purpose, urges rapid action in completing the This was itemized by pride in good work, techni· drive. cal skill of individuals, and vastly improved methods "Wind up the campaign with generous contribu­ of ship construction, apparent in the perfection of tions," the committee urges. "Labor in the lib­ welded work. erated countries is looking to us for help in rebuild­ Victory Fleet has reported a similar observation, ing their free democratic trade unions. For their A new combat-cargo ship production record is at· sake and our own welfare we must not fail them." tributed to "phenomenal improvement in welding "After the war is over new industrial centers will and erection of steel" by the manager of the Walsh· develop all over the world and if they are manned Kaiser (AFL) yard in Providence, R. 1., on the by low-paid unorganized labvr, America will be opposite coast. Delivery of the U,S.S. Lumen in flooded with cheap products," the committee con­ December achieved the yard goal of "10 in 44." tinued. Walter Butler Shipbuilders (AFL) yards in DV' "This flood of cheap commodities will be a threat !uth and Superior finished tbree inland-built cargo to American industry-therefore a threat to the ships in time for delivery before the lakes became high living standards of American workers. ice-blocked. "For this reason, we of the American Federation Permanente Richmond Yard 2 (AFL) won tbe of Labor must take quick, positive action if we are right to christen an attack transport built by Yard 3 to forestall this threat. Success in restoring free, as the result of an outfitting contest between the democratic trade unions abroad is all-important if yards. peace and economic stability are to be realized." Marinship (AFL) workers doubled their effici·, ency during the year by halving the time required to complete a tanker. St. Lawrence Waterway J. A. Jones Construction Co., Brunswick, Ga" (AFL) , set a record for six-way yards of seven Important to Merchantmen launchings, seven deliveries and seven new keels in December. The development of the St. Lawrence Seaway California Shipbuilding Corp. (AFL) launched project to link the Great Lakes area with the deep its 400th ship for an average of one every 70 hours sea trade is rousing great interest in the mid-west­ during three years. ern and border states and in this case both labor Iilgalls Shipbuilding Co., Pascagoula, and industry are working in agreement in the same built the first C-3 without lost-time accidents. direction. The project is of especial interest to members of the Merchant Marine who are familiar with condi­ Ten Over-Age Vessels Will Be tions on the Great Lakes and '"ho know that opera­ tions on our inland waterways must be developed Operated on Great Lakes if the merchant fleet is to have a fair share of the 60,000,000 jobs that are declared necessary in order The War Shipping Administration announced to eliminate threats of future depressions and world that ten over-age lake vessels, traded in on new con· wars. Members of the merchant fieet should under­ struction, will be available on the Great Lakes this stand that the St. Lawrence Waterway project, in season. its st.iccess or failure, will have a tremendous effect Comprising the group are the S. B. Coolidge, the upon their future as well as upon communities ad­ Amazon, Saucon, Johnstown and Cornwall, for­ jacent to the development, since the opening of the merly under bareboat charter to the Bethlehem seaway will create opportunities for both officers Steel Co. and seamen to have year-round employment on The bareboat charters on these vessels have been ships and with no wage reductions. reinstated, permitting the operation of the vessels Since the future security of every worker in the ' this season. The other five, the Negaunee, Colonel, country depends upon a tremendous volume of trade Munising, Yosemite, and Chacornae will also be with free communication between all countries of operated under the bareboat charters in effect last the world, the St. Lawrence project is vitally im­ year, making available 45,350 gross tons for move, pm·tant to our national development. ment of ores, coal, grain in the Great Lakes region.

[4] THE MASTER, MATE AND PIlOJ Merchant Ships At War ~Round the World 'S

Id of The U.S.S. Robert L. Vann .The U.S.S. Henry Bacon oe An underwater explosion ended the war service Captain Alfred Carini, commanding the Henry e­ of the Liberty ship Robert L. Vann, in European Bacon, and all his senior officers were lost when their 1'- waters. There were no crew casualties and sur­ ship, returning from Murmansk with 19 Norwegian vivors have returned to the United States. refugees bound for the United Kingdom lost con­ ti­ Named in honor of the founder and former editor tact with his convoy off Norway, was attacked by lS of the Pittsburgh Courier, the Robert L. Vann was enemy planes and sank with guns firing. of operated for the War Shipping Administration by the United Fruit Co., Boston, and commanded by The 19 refugees escaped, together with some n. Capt. Daniel L. Burns, 43 Palmer Street, Arling­ crewmen, gunners and others who had jumped •t­ tOD, Mass. overboard and were rescued by the British. Ig The U.S.S. Blenheim Joseph L. Scott, acting third officer in his official h­ report, stated that Captain Carini was last seen on he Five merchant seamen recently have been his bridge; that Purser Robt. T. Hunt lost his life in awarded the Purple Heart by the U. S. Army for helping a wounded gunner; that Chief Engineer wounds received in action. Two crewmen of the D. F. Haviland gave up his place in a lifeboat to a u­ Blenheim were wounded when a German V-bomb younger man, "nd that Boatswain Holcomb Lammon ,0 crashed on the Antwerp dock where the American saved many lives before losing his own. ae war freighter was moored. These men were Chief Engineer Melvin F. Conner, Belmont, Mass., and Crown Prince Olav, Commander-in-Chief of the Norwegian forces, wrote Vice Admiral Land, in l1e Utilityman Frank J. Dirksmeyer, East Boston, Mass. 3 The others were Able Seaman Lorenzo Noto, Brook­ part: ~e lyn, N. Y., of the S. M. Shoemak81'; Second Radio-. "During a storm, the Henry Bacon, separated man J"ames A. Fusca, Jr., Worcester, Mass., of the from convoy, downed five enemy planes, with loss of i­ S.S. Edward Everett, and Chief Officer Nico Hagens, master and all officers but one. I express to you, of the S.S. Florence Crittendon. 3d Sir, my appreciation and admiration of the out· standing discipline and self-sacrifice displayed by L, The 5.5. David F. Barry the officers and crew/' m The bravery of an oiler, J. F. Parker, 27 years old, In addition to the missing men listed above, the ,Is Des Moines, Iowa, saved the David F. Barry, at next of kin have been notified that the following anchor off Luzon, Philippine Islands, when fire were not among the rescued: sd broke out in the hold, reports Capt. A. A. Kretch­ rs mar, Seattle, Wash. Smoke poured from the hold, Lynn F. Palmer, chief mate, wife Irene, 5 Broad­ containing 25 tons of explosives. Parker, descend­ way TelTace, New York. ;s. ing into the hold with a heaving line, made it fast Carl D. H. Fubel, second mate, wife Nellie, 32 to an ignited smoke bomb and seamen above hoisted White St., East Boston, Mass. it overboard. Captain Kretchmar says: "Parker's cool-headed, The U.S.S. Benjamin Holt intelligent action saved the ship from destruction." es Comradeship of Navy and Merchant Marine to­ The U.S.S. James Breasted gether with seamanship saved the life of ship's car­ penter, Norris E. Wainwright, Grand View Ave., ed When the S.S. James S. B1'easted was sunk off Ossining, N. Y., states a letter signed by the crew n­ the Philippines, not one life was lost. Carrying 600 and armed guard of the 8.S. Benjamin Hort, com­ lis officers and troops with equipment and stores, the manded by Capt. Ralph M. Lill, Jr. freighter, in convoy off Mindoro, was subjected to he enemy fire, but the troops were successfully de­ A heavy lurch of the ship in rough weather caused a hatch to fall on Wainwright's arms and crushing '1'­ barked, reports the Breasted's Captain, BCl'Ilard ,m A. Kummel, San Francisco. them. The ship, with shells and shrapnel exploding Captain Lill, Chestnut Hill, Pa., notified a de­ en around her, was also subjected to machine gun fire stroyer escort. Despite heavy seas, Captaiu Lill and ~ls from shore when Japanese paratroopers landed on his chief mate, Thomas W. Phillippi, Chicago, suc­ el, the island. When a bomb in the ship's hold fired the ceeded in transferring the man by breeches buoy be gasoline cargo, it blew a lifeboat over the side, and stretcher. Bringing the two vessels into the right ,st Captain Kummel gave the abandon ship order. The position for a safe transfer was an achievement by men in the lifeboata were machine-gunned as they Captain Lill and Comdr. Irvin J. Stephens, 1517 lowered away, and the Breasted sank. Wyoming St., Dayton, Ohio, of the Navy vessel.

OT MAY. 1945 [5] Chief to some heavenly harbor, richly merited THE MASTER, MATE AND PILOT by his earthly stewardship. VOL. VIII MAY, 1945 No.5 His mourning feJIow citizens, humble and Published XlJ.Qnthly. Main_ W3shinlZton 18, DilItrlet of great, poured out from fuJI hearts stunned tained by and in the inwrest $: Columbia, with GeneruJ .and of the National Organization • i. Executive Officei' at Intern.­ shock and grief. Their love and devotion or· of 1l-IastcnJ. Matea nnd Pilots .... tional Comtn&ce Building", ganized a three-day eulogy by speech, press of America, at 810 Rhode 15 Moore Stret:t. New York Island Avenue, Northe3.Gt, 4, N. Y. and radio unprecedented in American life.

PubIi5bed on the 15th of each month. This spontaneous service of love from a simple Sworn detailed circulation statement on r~ucst. democratic people beggared the pomp and En~red ns second-class matter at the pOllt ollite at Wanbiusrtoo. D. C., under the Act of August 24, 1912. ceremony and synthetic fanfare of fascists' states. SUBSCRIPTION: $1.00 PER YEAR FOREIGN S2.00 To the men of the sea Franklin Delano NATIONAL TRUSTEES Roosevelt was a blood brother. His love of GEORGE W. McVAY. Providence, R. L n. T. HURST. Norfolk, Va. the deep, his pride in our Navy, his concern L. L. DERRICKSON, Philadelphia, Pa. H. MARTIN, New York City. BWliuClllJ Mamlger for our Merchant Marine and the welfare of .TOHN :S. SCULLY. New York City, Editor "the men who go down to the sea in ships" NATIONAL OFFICERS were part of his very life. During his land· H. lIiARTIN, President. New York City. H. F. STROTHER, Viee President. Piedmont, Calif. (in charge of all locked years in Washington ever near were his Inland Craft on Pacific Coast). DENIS McCARTHY, Vice President, B03ton. ship models and marine prints to satisfy that C. F. MAY, Vice President. San Francisco (in charce oI Ocean-going and dash of salt in his blood. We seafarers mourn Coastwise Craft on Pacific Coast). STANLEY BARR. Vice President, Detroit. our feJIow voyager in a very special way. W••T. YAN BUREN, Vice President,. New York City. E. W. lIlGGINBOTHAM, Vice Prellident, Mobile. The citizens of the world as weJI as America e. B. DIBBLE, Vice President, Philadelphia. CAPTAIN Fl. e. DANIELS, Vice President, Savannah. Gn. had come to look upon him as the champion of GEORGE HAVILAND, Apprentice Vice-President, New York City. their basic rights. With the simplicity of the .JOHN .J. SCULLY, Secretary-Treasurer, New York City. truly great, he sensed their daily problems. COMMU1'I"ICATIONS AND REMITl'ANCES may be addrel;lIed and cheeks With the careful affection of a kindly father roade payable to the National Org"anil:ation of Malltcr3, Mates and Pilots of America, 810-16 Rhode Island Avenue, N. E., W:l!lhinJr1;on, D. e., and the fire of a crusader, he sought to solve or Internntionlll Commerce Building, 15 Moore Street, New York 4, N. Y, RBADING AND ADVERTISING )',lATTER MUST rench the office not these problems. His conception of the beauty Inter thnn the 15th of the month preceding publicntion. and dignity that bind men's souls and bodies CHANGE OF ADDRESS should be rceeived prior to the fIrst of the month to nlIeet the forthcoming issue, and the old ru.l well as the new addl'Cllll endeared him to men of every race and creed. must be given. His complete freedom from bias against any

GENERAL CHAIRMEN REPRESENTING RAILROAD EMPLOYES OF religion or race sets a real example of charity OUR ORGANIZATION IN THE DIFFERENT PORTS unique in a world tainted with distrust and PORT OF NEW YORK-eapt. WIll. J. Vno Buren, Supervising Gen'l Cbairman: Capt. C. DeMooy: Capt. M. F. Gorry: Ca.pt. John J. Bill; senseless prejudices. Let us foJIow the.course Cll,pt. Joo. L. MeRen.: Lawrence J. Seea; Copt. Robt_ Willio1U90n: Cnpt. Frederjck Kriegel": Capt. Ceo. Rudolph; Geo. Haviland: Wm. J. O'Con_ he has set for us which must lead to peace and nell: Capt. Howard Barton: Cnpt. A. J. Fultz: CaPt. Wm.. Cole. PORT OF PHILADELPHIA-Capt. Clayton B. Dibble. tranquiIIity! PORT OF SEATTLE-Capt. John M. Fox. It is our fond and fervent hope that his PORT OF NORFOLK-Capt. L. L. Sawyer, Capt. J. A. Turner. Capt. J. Ira HodgC!l, Capt. E. A. Phelps, .Tames P. Edward:!. great spirit, free of earthly fetters, has sailed PORT OF NEW ORLEANS-Capt. C. H. Hansen. PORT OF DETROIT-Capt. Stanley Bnrr, into the infinite with joy, peace and love as his PORT OF MILWAUKEE-William .J. McCnuley. co-pilots and has cast anchor in his Heavenly PORT OF SAN FRA.NCISCO-enpt. Horace F. Strother. Home where he awaits in joy and eternal light National Advertising ReprCllentatlve-.JOHN ARTHUR McAVOY. the coming of his loved ones and that goodly 16 Whitehnll Street, New York 4, N. Y. Tel. BOwling Green 9.0919. host of men who caJIed him friend.

By decree of the nalional convention dues have been increased to thirty-six dollars (836) per year at the rate of three dollars (53) per Sea Loving F. D. Roosevelt month. Initiation fees have been increased to fifty dollars ($50) for all Locals. The rein­ Casts Off For Last Voyage statement fee for members suspended for nOll­ payment of dues~ etc., has been established as fifly dollars (550) plus one year's hack dues, On April 15, 1945, taps rang out sweetly making total reinstatement fee of eighty·six and sadly over a patch of sacred American dollars (886). These provisions wer.c effec­ soil in Hyde Park, New York. The Great tive as of January 1, 194.5. Pilot had caJIed our beloved Commander and [6] THE MASTER, MATE AND PILOT Andrew Furuseth-Seafarer Patron Saint

By SILAS AXTELL'

I had not yet become a member worked twelve hours or more a of the bar in the spring of 1908, day, but were sus pic i 0 u s of though I'd completed a year and charities. a half in the Columbia Law My enthusiasm was so great, School, and had begun a clerkship however, that both Brown, and in the office of the Seamen's Furuseth soon forgot that I was Branch of the Legal Aid Society, working for a "Society." Small at 1 Broadway, New York City, fees were charged. Leonard Mc­ when Andrew Furuseth, a tall Gee fortunately was an indus­ sharp featured man wearing a trious, practical and tactful young baggy blue suit and an old gray lawyer, while I knew little law, felt hat, came in looking for Mr. but had firm convictions about Clark Abbott, "the attorney." human decency. I was always Mr. Abbott had severed his con­ writing letters to respectable ship nection with the Society some ANDREW FURUSETH owners and agents that were, I years before and his successor, 1854-1938 fear, often annoying and some­ my chief, Mr. Leonard McGee, times offensive. now New York City Magistrate McGee, was a young As long as"Mac" headed the Branch, I got into no attorney and I was his assistant. I inquired of my serious trouble, but I became such an out-and-out visitor, whose hair was long and gray, if I might admirer of Andy Furuseth, and champion of the be of any assistance. He looked me over with pierc­ oppressed seamen that after McGee had become ing gray eyes and in a strong Scandinavian accent attorney in chief of the Society, I was often the sub­ said that "Beggars can not be choosers," and so he'd i ect of complaint to the Society directors. Again give me "a chance to try." Providence was kind. Arthur Von Briesen, eminent Two months experience at the Branch had given patent attorney who had founded the German Immi­ me some insight I thought, as to the deplorable con­ grant Aid Society, out of which the Legal Aid Society ditions under which American and foreign seamen had developed, was its president. This splendid lived and worked. What Furuseth wanted was a German-American had intervened with Carl Shurz, report from the Society, Or affidavits of seamen, ex­ counsel to the German Consul General in that first plaining the conditions, and the way in which ship German tramp ship case, to alleviate the condition owners obtained crews, and how boarding house of the coolies. The majority of the cases of crimp­ keepers, saloonkeepers, and shipping masters helped ing and abuse, since then, had been on British them. Having already been aboard a German tramp tramps, or Greek tramps that had once been British, that employed coolies in the fireroom and galley, I so he kept me from being fired when I wrote "sassy" could give him the information. letters to British owners in London (their agents in He returned a month later and by then I had New York), to their Consul, and even to the British . prepared affidavits of many seamen who had been Board of Trade. brought to my office by agents of the Atlantic Coast Why were these letters written? Because the Seamen's Union. If I am not mistaken, Gus Brown, courts of the United States were closed to foreign whom I'd heard of as "Shanghai Brown," ran a seamen. Their Consuls had exclusive jurisdiction sailors' boarding house in Brooklyn, not far from of all matters of wages, discipline, food, sanitation, Dr. Mansfield's Break Water Hotel, on Atlantic Ave­ illnesses, inj uries and malingering, and because our nue. I had already found out that Brown worked Society had an impressive letter head. Even Amer­ with Thomas Weinhold and William Horn, to ship ican seamen had to file verified petitions as paupers seamen, often drugged, aboard British tramps, at in order to seek justice in the court. The Legal Aid wages even lower than £3.10 paid by these ships lawyer was their only lawyer, because the attorney when they signed the crews between Elbe and Brest for the pauper had to file an affidavit that he was on three-year articles. I had also heard that these working without a fee. These were the circum­ men once signed on, had to work out periods of two stances that caused Andy Furuseth to go to the to six months without wages, because the steamship Legal Aid Society. He was extremely suspicious, agents honored the advanced notes signed by them and wanted no charity for seamen, but opportunity as a condition to taking employment. The Union, for the sailor to help himself. He often spoke of sail­ weak, \vith few members, had no money to hire ors as serfs and slaves, saying that slaves had no lawyers. Overtime had not been invented. Seamen creative capacity, citing historical instances from Rome, from Phoenicia, and from his own Norse * Mr. Axtell, a prominent Marine and Labor Attorney of New York City was for many years an executive of the Sea­ ancestors. .He resembled pictures of those Norse men's branch of the Legal Aid Society. warriors when he came alone, with pamphlets, peti-

MAY, 1945 [7] tions, and affidavits, or scraps of evidence, such as of the seamen of other nations followed. Seamen advance notes, bills of shipping masters from crimps had three billion dollars a year more to spend in for hiring seamen, articles of agreement taken by world markets in 1918, than they'd had in 1914. some seamen from the forecastle of a British tramp, Efforts to repeal the act failed, when the constitu­ or other documents. Month after month, year after tionality of the Seamen's Act was sustained on year, he came, slightly stooped, his beardless face March 29, 1920, over the objection of the British lined with wrinkles, with bony hands tight clinched. Government and the objection of the owners of the After I had been attorney for the Branch a couple British ship Stmthearn. Andy was easier, but he of years, I decided to quit the Legal Aid Society. My didn't rest. The battle to preserve the act con­ secretary, Edith McCormick, who is still helping me, tinued. Old laws and neW amendments, judicial was working long hours typing affidavits for seamen interpretations by the courts and by the Department that we forwarded to the Hold man" in Washington. of Commerce kept him on the alert. He had to I can still see the letters Andy typed himself on his return to the Pacific Coast frequently. old typewriter in those early days before the Sea­ I assumed the job of law enforcement. Our ef­ men's Act. I could understand them, but they re­ fort to abolish the fellow servant defense Section 20 quired considerable remodeling before they were of the Seamen's Act failed. The Jones Act was sent to those who didn't understand the subject devised with the help of ex-Senator George Suther­ matter and Andy. land, who later became a Justice of the Supreme Mr. Augustus Johnson, legal aid director assigned Court; the courts held that the provisions of the U. to the Seamen's Branch, was a kindly retired rail­ S. law for opening courts to seamen without pre­ road and corporation lawyer, deeply interested in payment of fees did not apply to appeals. An amend­ the scandalous conditions prevailing on the oyster ment tacked on to the Civil Sundry Appropriation boats in Chesapeake Bay where a peonage system Act fixed that. Within ten days after the Supreme was operated with great brutality. He was always Court decision access to the appellate courts was asking me to help him secure affidavits concerning included in the law. loss of lives on scows towing rrud and refuse from The seamen of those days saw to it that the lawyer New York City to the dumping ground at sea. He who fought their wage caseS had enough other busi­ thought a ~aw should require longer hawsers, and nesses to pay expenses. Andy was tireless. The Un­ finally obtamed the passage of such a law. The Sea­ ion expanded, the seamen enjoyed collective bargain­ men's Act passed Congress in 1912 without help ing contracts for three years, then came the lockout from Mr. Johnson, Dr. Mansfield (who later built the of 1921. Wages went down, the Union was just a life Seamen's Church Institute), or assistance from any line to which old-timers clung, until the strike of charitable society except the Legal Aid. The bill, 1934. Andy was 80 years old, the Marine Workers however, was vetoed by President Taft. Industrial Union had weakened Andy and the Union. When Woodrow Wilson was elected, the Seamen's When collective bargaining finally was attained in Act was again passed, and though it mandated him 1935, Andy had no part in it, and when he died in a as President to serve notice of abrogation of all rest home in Washington, on January 24, 1938, he commercial treaties between the United States and had outlived the Union he had founded and led. He foreign nations that interfered with the enforce­ was a truly great man. Without disparagement to ment, he signed it on March 4, 1915. that beloved and lonely figure, , I hung on to my job with the Legal Aid Society, without whose work, Andy's was impossible, we and plugged for the enforcement of the half wage should recognize Furuseth's chief claim to greatness, law. Tacks and hammers were provided for the which was the freeing of a million seamen without sailors to post placards on the piers explaining the the loss of a life. Four seamen, Robert Robertson, half wage law. The going was hard, but Andy had J. H. Bradley, H. H. Hanson, and Morris Hanson, been canny; one part of the act made advance wages it is true, went to jail to test the imprisonment law, and advance notes illegal, another part provided but Andrew Furuseth so cleverly, skillfully, wisely, that evidence of payment of wages before they were and persistently operated that he freed the seamen earned should be illegal in computing a seaman's hy due process of law-without a revolution. He wages in the courts of the United States. The half did it without invective against the courts or the wage law provided that a seaman on a foreign ves­ laws of his country. He saw the work to be done, he sel in the United States could >iemand one-half the appraised the situation and with faith in his fellow wages on foreign trade vessels that he had earned to man devised the remedy by law. date once in any loading or discharging port, pro­ It may be a long time before the work of this vided the demand was not made more than once in American who chose America as his country as did the same port. If the master refused to payor ten­ his successor, Harry Lundberg, is fully understood dered an insufficient amount, the seaman could sue in or appreciated. Recognition will come, and there the courts of the United States without the prepay­ will be National Birthdays to be celebrated by the ment fees or costs. He also could collect two days' workers of the world each year on the 12th day of waiting time for every day he had to wait. March, the birthday of Andrew Furuseth. The seamen left their low wage vessels. British "As this war draws to a close the terms of the U. S. seamen's wages were advanced to £16 per month. Senate ratification 1929 Safety Treaty come to mind, Their union was recognized; they stopped leaving the last law Andrew Furuseth ever drafted. It pro­ their vessels. Similar stabilizations of the wages tected the half wage law from encroachment."

[8J THE MASTER, MATE AND PILOT fCongressman Bland Finds . Maritime Commission Wasteful M. & J. The Maritime Commission, headed by Admiral "Jerry" Land, was on the grill in the House during ;ia recent consideration of a resolution authorizing the "Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries to !continue an investigation begun last year. The TRACY ; probe was authorized. ',' The Commission has been lax in managing Uncle INCORPORATED ',Sam's business according to sensational disclosures ;by Congressman Schuyler Otis Bland (Dem., Va.), :chairman of the committee, who declared the com­ • imittee has already saved the Government about 0$250,000,000 on improvident contracts. T.·anspo.·tation , He added that the committee discovered flagrant :'waste of manpower as well as Government money 'in one shipyard where 3,100 men were on the pay • !iroll though no work was available. The company ,:was compelled to release the excessive manpower, Coal a Specialty isoving Uncle Sam $34,000 a day, Bland declared. The Commission was charged with having made 'icontracts with ship repair contractors which are an • ?/invitation to extravagance,'l since "contractors are : given every inducement to increase the cost of labor NO. 1 BROADWAY and material rather than to save," Bland said. . Along the Delaware River, contractors employing NEW YORK ;/rom 12 to 100 men are paying welders $4.75 an 'hour and at the end of the day compel the employes ~>to llkick back" an hour's pay. Those who refuse are ; not permitted to work, and as a result of this slip­ ';sbod method, Bland told the House, the Maritime 'Commission in 1943 paid $400,000,000 for ship re­ :(pairs and conversions, much of it wasted. The Union Sulphur " On the Ge01'ge Washington, the galleys were re­ i built three times and the lighting circui:s in the oper­ 'fating room were completed twice, Bland said. More Conipany, Inc. : than a million dollars was spent on flre watchers 'for the George Washington while it was being recon­ ') verted into a troopship. 33 RECTOR STREET iTwo Ports Afford Seamen Medical NEW YORK Examinations Before Signing-on Baltimore, Md. I'ort Medical Representative, 6War Shipping Administration, 225 East Redwood I Street. New Orleans, La. Port Medical Represent­ · alive, War Shipping Administration, 104 Custom CABLE ADDRESS: TELEPHONE "STOCKSTEAM" WHitehall 3~9550 , House. All Codes f Port Medical Representatives , At Balboa, Panama Canal Zone STOCKARD STEAMSHIP CORPORATION

· On January 1, 1945, Port Medical Representa­ Steamship Owners, Operators and , live's Offices were opened at Balboa, Panama Canal Agents .• Zone, address, Port Medical Representative WSA, .' care of Chief Quarantine Officer, USPHS, Balboa 17 BATTERY PLACE f.. Heights, and San Juan, Puerto Rico, address Port NEW YORK i. Medical Representative WSA, care of USPHS Di­ • rector, District No.6, San Juan 18.

[9] QUESTIONS &ANSWERS CHIEF MATE Capt. 2. me Car/It'! Liout. Comm<'lnder, U.S.N.R.F. Retirlld -!In.1frucfor

Q. Why are topographic features of the land marked adjacent to the water? A. So that points on shore may be plotted by sex­ tant angles. A. A sounding machine consists of a wooden frame bolted to the deck. It carries a drum, which Q. How would you prevent damage to the hull of an oil tank ship when cleaning tanks at sea? holds the wire. The drum revolves on its bearings and is controlled by a friction brake, two handles to A. By steaming the tanks and washing them out heave in the wire, and a dial plate showing the with water. amount of wire run out. There is a lead grooved out Q. Describe how you would get a radio bearing in the bottom for arming. There is a small copper of a beacon? tube perforated at the bottom and capped at the top A. I would look up the signal characteristic, then end. There is a glass tube sealed at the upper end: would find the direction of the incoming wave by and open at the bottom. The glass tube is coated on revolving, centering or orientating the loop Or coil . the inside with chromate of silver, and, as the with respect to the direction of the wave. There is a pointer mounted directly above the navigational water ascends in the tube, it turns the silver to a compass and the bearings are read from this. milky color, and the depth is read by applying the Q. What is the penalty for neglect of duty? scale to the tube. Q. Describe in detail a compensating binnacle. A. Revocation or suspension of license. A. A compensating binnacle is one by which the Q. What is the penalty for having knowledge of defects in a vessel or her equipment and not report­ compass can be compensated by the use of magnets. ing it to the inspectors? The binnacle stand is bolted to the deck in the desired place, and the compass bowl with its gimbals is A. Revocation Or suspension of license. mounted on the binnacle. It has brackets on each Q. Explain the difference between a large scale side to hold the iron balls. Inside the binnacle there chart and a small scale chart. are several thwartship and fore and aft steel mag­ A. A slight error on a small scale chart in laying nets; underneath the bowl is a vertical magnet to off a course or distance might run me ashore, while correct the heeling error, and cylindrical brass tube the same error on a large scale chart would not be which holds the finders bar. The compass is cov· so great. ered with a brass hood with glass windows to protect Q. How is variation shown on a chart? the compass card from the weather. A. On ocean charts, variation is shown by curved Q. What is the difference between a wet compass lines, while on inland and coastwise charts, the vari­ and a dry compass? ation will be found at each compass rose. A. The wet or liquid compass,-the bowl is filted Q. What is the Gnomonic chart used for by mar­ with a mixture of 45 per cent alcohol and 55 per cent iners? distilled water. Its purpose is to buoy up the com· pass card and to decrease the vibration. The dry A. The Gnomonic projection is used to layoff compass card rests on a pivot, which rises from the the great circle track, which is a·straight line be­ bottom of the bowl. There is a brass cap with an tween any two places. agate bearing in its center, so that the card can re­ Q. What are chain sounding'!,. volve freely. A magnetized needle of steel is fas· tened underneath the .compass card and parallel to A. A chain of soundings are taken at intervals, the North and South, so that they point to the with course and distance noted at each sounding, to magnetic North. verify your position by plotting same on the chart. Q. What is the 100 fathom curve? Q. What is meant by off soundings? A. It is a curved line on the chart, showing t A. When you cannot get bottom. 100 fathom depth of water, which is commonl. Q. Describe in detail a sounding machine. known as off soundings.

[ 10] THE MASTER, MATE AND PllOI New Anti-Exposure Suit Will Protect Airmen When Downed Telephones DICBY 4-8170·8171

"Ditching" a plane in the sea over Arctic waters W. R McMILLAN'S SONS in sub-zero weather is one of the worst situations TACKLE BLOCKS our airmen can face. Worldng on this problem, technicians of the Personal Equipment Laboratory MARINE & STRUCTURAL SPECIALTIES of the Air Technical Service Command have a new WIRE ROPE "Anti-Exposure" suit. They gave it a severe test Faetorr recently, chopping through a foot of ice, to "dunk" Brooklyn, New York a couple of technicians, garbed in the new suit, in the freezing water. For an hour, encased in the· ,protective cloth of the suit which covers everything but the face, two officers of the laboratory's clothing branch lay in the water. Thermocouples attached to the suits recorded the , temperatures of the two during the test, throughout which no point of their anatomy registered lower than a few degrees of normal. The Ruit, made of JATON nylon coated with a snbstance rendering it both CANVAS water-tight and air-tight, is not bulky. Following the hour in the water, the two officers climbed into a life raft; one wore the lightest flying clothing that DECKS would be used in flying over northern waters. Fol­ No Painting lowing the test, he reported he was "chilly but did not suffer from cold. The other, dressed in slightly TARPAULINS heavier flying clothes under the new suit, stated No Re-watel'proofing that he felt no discomfort from cold. BOAT COVERS No Holes THE HARRISON COMPANY AWNINGS NEW YORK No Burning

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[ MAY, 1945 [II] NATIONAL MARITIME DAY~ MAY 22~ 1945

Ql ~roclamation

WHEREAS a notable contribution was made in the history of ocean transportation wren the steamship The Savannah set sail from the United States on May 22, 1819, and made the first successful voyage across the Atlantic Ocean under steam propulsion; and WHEREAS in commendation of this achievement the Congress by a joint resolution approved May 20, 1933 (48 Stat. 73) designated May 22 of each year as National Maritime Day and requested the President to issue annually a proclamation calling upon the people of the United States to observe that day; and WHEREAS many thousands of patriotic men and women are toiling through long hours of the day and night in the construction of the great fleets of vessels that 'carry the goods of victory to the distant battlefronts of the United Nations; and WHEREAS our ships, sailing every ocean, have been manned by courageous officers and seamen all of whom have left the security of their firesides and many of whom have given their lives for the land of their allegiance; and WHEREAS the American people are looking forward to the days of lasting peace when tlJe merchant fleets of the Nation, wisely used and vigilantly maintained, shall sail the seas freed from the perils of war: Now, THEREFORE, I, FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, President of the United States of America, do hereby call upon the people of the United States to observe May 22, 1945, as National Maritime Day by displaying the flag at their homes or other suitable places, and I direct that the flag be displayed on all Government buildings on that day. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States of America to be affixed. DONE at the City of Washington this fourth day of April in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and forty-five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and sixty-ninth. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. By the President: E. R. STETTINIUS, JR. Sec?'etary Of State.

[ 12] THE MASTER, MATE AND PIIOI Seamen Assured of Old IMPORTANT BOOKS::::::::::::::::::::: Jobs by Machinists' Union ====for the Men Who Deliver the Goods SHIP HANDLING IN NARROW CHANNELS Happily there is an increasing tendency for union By LI. Comar. Carlyle J. Plummer (T) USCGR; BrtlfJeh Pilot, Sabin/! DistT;';l. Every ship's officer. every licensed pilot will WW1t members to negotiate contracts and agreements that to CWn this valwtble bW1dbook. B3scd on yen" of puetiw pilotiDg experience, it prescott the basic information nec:essaq for e£lic:ieot ,will protect the job rights of workers who entered ~bip hao~lin&, in.8hal,lo,,":, narrow ....aters.. Thorough and up to dllte, It u de:agnedfor ·wart,me and peacetIme use. To be published the Merchant Marine as well as those who have May 15. Order NOWl 123 P"gf;S, $2•.50. joined or been inducted into the armed forces. Among the latest to do so is District No. 47 of the MERCHANT SHIP OFFICERS' DUTY GUIDE International Association of Machinists. Under a 01' Capt. J. C. Orrell. A day.to-dl1y guide for use l1boucl swp by !lvery o.fficer--on ~very voyage. Covers 1!11 reconf5; laves time in new contract reached with International Harvester mstmetmg subordmate personnel. Oudwe guide to all duties; perpelUal self-check of each officer's work. Indispensable to M:o.stet for two plants in Newark, N. J., employes who be­ MlItes, Radio OperatOr, Engin(!(!t, Slewll1'd Purser and CadeC: came seamen to help meet Uncle Sam's desperate Thoroughly adaptable to nny SIS line's routwe.l ;u.oo. need for men to operate the nation's lifeline .of ships will be guaranteed their old jobs with accumulated MERCHANT MARINE OFFICERS' HANDBOOK By E. TUTpi,. tlnti W. A. lrftlcE1I'c". Indispensable dail" refennce ,seniority, just as is the case with members of the guide abO:l1U ship. All information essential 10 both the licensed :md am.clidate officer. Details duties navigation, ship handliDg 1lnd Army and Navy. Ci1rgo, SIgnals. RulCll of the RO:ld (revised). nut ...d, IhiphuiIding terms, Spanish t1:r1nl1. 812 Pages, Illustrated, Indexed, $5.00.

PORT TERMINAL OPERATION Seaman Writes Congressman 11y Lt. Col. EU8crJ'" H. Lederm-, USA (Ret.). CarJ:O h4ndllng­ stowage--lighternge--l:I.test information on every :upeet of cargo Irander. "TeIh the whole slory from pier m:magemeot to loading Asking for a Bill of Rights a ship, from frei~ht forwll1'ding to cugo Cll1'1:)'inc ..... Jay Lewis, Norfolk LcdgCT·Dispotdl. Indispel1.llahle to every ship officer in reducing turn-around time, labor costs, cargo loss and damage. The need for passage of the Seamen's bill of 448 Pllgt'5, IIIuS!rated, Indexed, ;15.00. rights (H. R. 2346) was brought to attention of At Your BookselleJ:' OJ:' Direct Congressmen in a letter written by a seaman con­ Postpllid Wilen Rcm;tto,.~e A~comptl";es Ordu valescing from tuberculosis contracted on war duty. Explaining he had circulated a copy of the pro­ CORNELL MARITIME PRESS 2U Wellt 23rd St.. Dept. MMP New York 11, N. Y. posed bill at the U. S. Marine Hospital in Seattle, L. H. Mathisen wrote: "We had all heard much of the bill in our union papers, but to actually read and hash over the goods was like lifting a veil from a mystery. Most of the fellows said it was almost too good to be true, especially the disability benefits. "I wish every legislator who happens to be unde­ cided or opposed to this legislation wonld take a • • • trip through this TB ward. This bill will not only help our dependents and alleviate our financial troubles but will encourage us to stick with 'the cure 'until we get well." Wounded Terrier Helps Revive BUY Capt. Gavin of Alcoa Pioneer

Captain Andrew Gavin, commanding the war freighter AlcolL Pione.,·, during an encounter with Japanese planes off Leyte in which the commander BONDS of the Navy armed guard was killed, might have been a casualty himself except for uSkipper," his Boston terrier, who, though himself wOl:nded, licked Capt. Gavin's face, reviving him, after a bomb had knocked him unconscious. Bombs on the AlcolL's bridge deck killed five gunners and wounded others. Merchant crew volunteers manned the guns, since •• • 14 of the armed guard were casualties. "Skipper" now has the run of the ship, including the Captain's cabin, from which a specially con­ structed screen door had excluded him.

[13 ] Use of Marine Navigational Aids By Seaplanes Being Considered AMERICAN The recent installation of vertical lights on cer­ S tain buoys in Jamaica Bay, an arm of Long Island Sound, is an example of the application of the head­ o quarters policy of providing aviation lights on all U buoys in the vicinity of seaplane areas which are in the nature of obstrnetions to the air operations. In T this instance seven lighted buoys, previously H equipped only with lights projected in horizontal beams, were fitted with lenses also having top panels A projecting beams toward the zenith. These vertical beams are of the same color and display the same F characteristic as the regular marine light. R Several months ago headquarters instructed all I district Coast Guard officers to investigate the condi­ tion of the aids to marine navig;,ttion in the vicinity C of any seaplane operating bases which might be lo­ A cated within their jurisdiction. The policy laid N down at that time directed that consideration be given to providing lights for all unlighted buoys which were considered as hazardous obstructions to LINE, INC. seaplane navigation, and to provide vertical lighting as well as horizontal lighting for all lighted buoys...... Licensing, Certificating Rules 26 BEAVER STREET for Merchant Marine Available NEW YORK The new publication, Rules and Regulations for Licensing and Certificating of Merchant Marine Telephone MAin 4-4252 " Personnel, issued under date of February, 1945, is now available for distribution. The subject matter BRENACK BROS. contained therein is indicated by the following chap­ ter headings: Motorboats and certain vessels pro­ Marine Carpenters pelled by machinery other than by steam more than 91-97 WYCKOFF STREET 65 feet in length; tank vessels; ocean and coastwise, BROOKLYN 2, NEW YORK general rnles and regulations; Great Lakes, general rules and regulations; bays, sounds, and lakes other SHIPS FITTED FOR than the Great Lakes, genelal rules and regulations; HORSES. CA'ITLE, GRAIN, MAGAZINES rivers, general rules and regulations; seamen; regu­ lations applicable to certain vessels and shipping BUY WAR BONDS during emergency.

Telephone BOwling Green 9·472{)~1-2-3-4-5 INDEPENDENT TOWING COMPANY Cable Address "Parryship" Since 1876 PARRY NAVIGATION COMPANY, Inc. TUGS WITH THE WHITE M • 39 BROADWAY PIER 34, SO. PHILADELPHIA 47, PA. NEW YORK 6, N. Y.

[ 14] THE MASTER, MATE AND PILI,

" Decision Unanimous' '~he War Labor Board is a great institution- ;!or all labor troubles they have a solution. :Just fill out some forms, a hundred or more; AMERICAN LIBERTY STEAMSHIP iSure, they will accept them and send you some more; 'lllJ)on't 'phone us," they say, "or send us a card, CORPORATION Siust fill out Form 60 in length but a yard, ·'And when we receive it you'll hear from us soon­ 75 WEST STREET ;In six months or so, on some afternoon. NEW YORK 6, N. Y. lYour case is a tough one, we'll have to admit­ ;Forms 30 or 60 just don't seem to fit. ),So our latest and best we are sending tv you, \Form forty-four thousand, six hundred and two. ~ IP!ease notice the clause in paragraph eight, 'It cancels all forms you have sent us to date. j,page 450, clause 301, ;Explains clearly, Sir, tbat you start on page 1. THE WEST COAST LINE j1lem 602 is the one you must watch, ,~Don't write it in English, please write it in Scotch. j'!fwe haven't sent you the knowledge you seek, ;Please write us again in Hebrew or Greek. & 'Our legal department, the best in the land, WESSEL, DUVAL CO., Inc. 'Has all college theorists-they'll understand. Estab/i5hed 1825 ~Jf you don't get our order that gives you more pay, 67 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK !It's because our best men are processing your 'Hay.' :~Your case has a place down deep in our files 'Which extend underground about 21 miles. .' We assure you they're kept both safely and clean;

"V When Hitler is dead and his renegades rUD 1 , Then we'll docket your brief, Boys, as Case No. 1." STEAMSIDP OWNERS -By Anonymous. OPERATORS and AGENTS

Office & Shop SlcaJn~1lip & Yache Wark Tel. TRiangle 5-5536 A Specialty General Office:J: WILLIAM BANKS MOBILE, ALABAMA SIDP RIGGERS

ALL KINDS OF WIRE FURNISHED & SPLICED Flag Poles, Slliri Spurs, Slings, Nets & Cargo Gear Furnuhcd to Order Offices and Branches in the Principal Cities and Authorized 72 Sedgwick Streel Ports of the United Stales LT.OYD'S RIGGING BROOKLYN, N. Y. Inspector

[15] "Remarkable" Labor Efforts Has Helped Score New Ship Record KWEDER'S NAVIGATION SCHOOL Courses For All Licenses All Grades Washington, D. C.-Success of the Nation's mer­ ----Conducted b,.­ chant shipyards in constructing vitally needed ships Capt. GEO. A. KWEDER to back up our military forces in the war effort is Principal described in the United States Maritime Commis­ MEMBER MASTER, ~IATES AND PILOTS sion's annual report to Congress. Telephone: WHitehall 4-0742 In the first half of the 1944 fiscal year, 1,017 61 WHITEHALL STREET NEW YORK. 4, N. Y. vessels aggregating 10,410,971 deadweight tons Licensed b:r the Slale ~f New York were completed, while during the second half of the year 864 vessels of 8,614,260 deadweight tons were constructed. Tonnage difference between the two periods came as a result of the shift from the slow Liberty type to the faster Victory ship. Deliveries of special types include combat loaded SMITH transports and combat loaded cargo ships essential for military operations in the Pacific, a number of & small cargo carriers, a few large troopships, air­ .craft carriers, and frigates for convoy escort service. The Commission praised the service given by the JOHNSON shipbuilding industry and the shipyard employes from practically everyStllte in the Union as .a ~tremarkable performance/' * GENERAL AGENTS BOWL~NI;; QJU:II:N 9-G '90 for WAR SHIPPING ADMINISTRATION DR. L. Low SURGEON DENTIST * 60 BEAVER STREET NEW YORK 4

Ol"",..ICI; HCUiIIS 53 WHITEHALL STREET Telephone Wlliteh:lIl 3-0603 9A..MT08.30~.N. NEW YORK CITY CJ.OIllII:D SUNOl,Y AT SOlTTH FE:RRY

PREPARATORY COURSES FOR ALL LICENSES U. S. STEAMBOAT INSPECTION SERVICE

Atlantic Merchant Marine Academy LICENSED BY THE STATE OF NEW YORK

44 WHITEHALL STREET 5 STATE SWEET TELEPHONE BOWLING GREEN 9-7086

[16] THE MASTER, MATE AND Pil Partial List of Agreements Held by Masters, Mates and Pilots of America

East Coast Stockard Stenmship Corporation Henry J. I{aiser Companies Smith & Johnson (Perm:lnc:nte Metals Corp.) Agwilines, Inc. Sound Transport Corporation (l{aiser Company, Inc.) Alcoa Steamship Co. Swol"d Steamship Co. (l{ai~er Car;:o, Inc.) American Foreig-n Steamship Co. Tankers Oceanic Corporation KflY System American Petrllicum Transport Corp. M. & J. Tracy Kingdom of Thailand (Siam) American Republics Lines Tugboat Owners & Operators of Port of Kitsup County Transportation Co. American Liberty Lines, Inc. Pililadelphill Louis Knutson American-South African Line Union Sulphur Co. Libby, 1I1cNcill & Libby American Sugar Co. United Stales Lines Los Angeles Steamship Co. Argonaut Line, Inc. U. S. Navigation Co. Luckenbach Gulf Steamship Co., Inc:. Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co. Wcllhart Steamship Co. Luc:kenbach Steamship Co•• Inc. B~ltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. Wessel Duval & Co., Inc. Mnrtin Siversten Steamship Co. Chas. T. Banks Towinli:' Line '''ood Towing Co. Martinez-Benicin Ferry & Teans. Co. Diamond Steamship Co. Worth Steamship Company Mntson Navigation Co. g' Rothchild Co., Jnc. 'Varner Company Matson Steamship Co. and Cornelius McCormnck Steamship Co. oston Tow Boat Co. (East Coast·South Ameeican Service) rooki)'n Eastern District Greal Lakes (Pneific Coast-Puerto Rico-West Indies SerTice) :A. L. Burba.nk Co. (lntercoastnl Service) Blish Termin:ll Co. Ann Arbor Railroad Co. Mornn Towing and Transportation Co•• Inc. Bllxtan Line Boh-Lo Excuesion Co. Northland Teansportation Co. Calmar Steamship Corp. Chieago·Dulutil, Georgian nay Transit Co. Northwest Towboat Assn. Cenlral Railroad Co. of N. J. Chient"o & Milwaukee Stenmllhip Co. Northwestern Pacific Railroad Co. Central Vermont Transportation Co. Chicago RooJlevclt Steamship Co. Ocean Dnd Dominion Steamship Corv. Chesapeake Ferry Co. & nUffnlo Transit Co. Oceanic & Oriental N:avig:ation Co. Chesapeake & Ohio R:ii!way Co. Crystal Bcach Transit Corp. (Austl"nlin_New Zealand Service) Coastwise 'frans. Co. Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Co. Oceanic Steamship Co. Colonial Navigation Co. Fit'>: Simons & Connell Dredge & Dock Co. Oliver J. Olsoll & Co. Delaware, Lackaw:mna & Western R. R. Grand Trunk Western Railroad Co. Olympic Steamshill Co., Inc. Diamand Steamship Co. Grent Lakes Dredge & Dod' Co. Pncifie-Atlnntic Steamship Co. Diehmann, Wright & Pugh Great Lakes Transit Corp. P:acilic-Atlll.ntic Steamship Co. ougherty Grc:at Lakes Tennsport Co. (QlInker Line) ern Steamship Linfl~ lIIinoi:; Ship & Dredge Co. Pncilic Lightenge Corp. ern Transportation Co. Lake Sand Corp. Pnciflc Mail S.S. Co. Rnilrond Mackinac Transpodlltion Co. Pacific Republic Line Erie & St. Lawrcnce Corporation Murine Sand Company (Moore-McCormnck LinclI, Inc.) Farr Spinning and Operating Co., Ine. Minnesota Atlnntic Transit Co. Pacific Steamship Lines Fiut National Oil Corp. Nntional Tr:msport Co. Pacific Tankers, Inc. Fleischman Trll.n$portation Co. Nicholson·Universlll Ste:amship COl"p. Pacific 'l'owboat & Snlvage Co. lIartwelson Stflamship Co, Perc Marquette Railw:ay Co. Paramount Pictuees, Inc. Stenm$hip Corp. WillCOnl'in-Miehig:m Steamship Co. Petalum:a :md Santn Rosa Railroad Co. .l11inois Atlantic Corp(lrntion P. L. Transportntion Co• (Folmerly Colabee S.S. Co.) Pope & Talbot, Inc. Inlunational Freighting' Co., Inc. Gull (McCormick S.S. Co. Div., all serricCll except Internntionnl Shipping Co. Steam ScilOOner Trade) bthmian Steamship Lines Commercial Molasses Coep. Pott Orfoed Cedar Co. bbrandtsen Co., Inc. Lykes Bros. Stenmship Co. PUl';"ct Sound Nnvigation Co. own and Newpol"t Ferry Co. Mississippi Shipping Co. ned Salmon Cannine- Co. y Stl"eet Conneeting Raill"oad Watel"mnll Ste:amsllip Corporation Rcedsport Towboat Co. Steamship Corp. Standard Fruit & Steamship Co. Ricilmond-5an Rnfnel Ferry & Trans. Co. high Valley Railroad Rivce Linell • D. Mallory Corp. Sacramento Northern Railway lrde Mallory Lines West Coasl San Diego & Coronado FerrY Co. • F. lIlartin, Inc. San Francisco Towing Co• rlin Marine Transportation Company Admiral Oriental Line Snn Pedl"o Towboat Co. mne Transport Line Alaska Packcl"s Association Santa Ana Stenmship Co. McCormack Lines Alaska Railroad Snntn Catalina Island Company lant & Miners Transportation Co.-Appren­ Alasko Salmon Co. Santn Cruz: Oil Coell. membel"Ship on tug boats} AIliska Steamship Co. Santa Cruz Portland Cement Co. Shippinz & Trading Co.• Inc. ~.la9.ka Tnmsportation Co. P. F. Salo Company Towing & Transportation Co. Americ:m lIfai! Line Seekonk Corp. Sttlltnship Co. American Peesident Lines. Ltd. Ship O",nertl Assn. of the Pacific Cout tional Bulk Carriers, Inc. American Trading and Shipping Company Ship Owners & Merchants Tug Co. 11' England & Southern Steamohip Co. D. J. Arllues Southeen Pacific Co. (Pncific LinuJ e1\' York Centl"al Railroad Co. Arrow Line Southern Pacific Golden Gat

How's she riding? A quick glance at your Chaney Clinometer - and the answer is yours! You will have 1he exact degree of list or roll of your ship without guesswork and without having to make any calculations for over· throw. The glass ball in the curved tube indicates the information you want-with unerring accuracy anytime you want it. A Chaney Clinometer operates constantly. The Chaney Ship Clinometer is not affected by weather, climate, smooth or high seas. As long as gravity functions. a Chaney Clinometer will con­ I tinue to give you instantaneous list or roll readings. The U. S. Navy and I I the U. S. Maritime Commission make extensive use of these precision built I navigating instruments. I I Many ships have Chaney Clinometers installed in several places ... on I I the bridge ... in the chart room ••. in the hold ... wherever list or roll I Actual size of John L. must be checked frequently. They're priced at $12.50 each, so that multiple I Chaney clinometer ­ I * installations will not be costly. Place your order now. If you are not I 12%" wide-61,4" deep thoroughly satisfied with the Chaney Clinometer after examination, you I - curved tube is 16n J simply return the Clinomeier and your money will be refunded promptly. I long and %" in die. I I 1

JOHN L. C:;HANEY co LAKE GENEVA. WISCONS