Depositional Patterns Constrained by Slope Topography Changes On
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Natura 2000 Sites for Reefs and Submerged Sandbanks Volume II: Northeast Atlantic and North Sea
Implementation of the EU Habitats Directive Offshore: Natura 2000 sites for reefs and submerged sandbanks Volume II: Northeast Atlantic and North Sea A report by WWF June 2001 Implementation of the EU Habitats Directive Offshore: Natura 2000 sites for reefs and submerged sandbanks A report by WWF based on: "Habitats Directive Implementation in Europe Offshore SACs for reefs" by A. D. Rogers Southampton Oceanographic Centre, UK; and "Submerged Sandbanks in European Shelf Waters" by Veligrakis, A., Collins, M.B., Owrid, G. and A. Houghton Southampton Oceanographic Centre, UK; commissioned by WWF For information please contact: Dr. Sarah Jones WWF UK Panda House Weyside Park Godalming Surrey GU7 1XR United Kingdom Tel +441483 412522 Fax +441483 426409 Email: [email protected] Cover page photo: Trawling smashes cold water coral reefs P.Buhl-Mortensen, University of Bergen, Norway Prepared by Sabine Christiansen and Sarah Jones IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU HD OFFSHORE REEFS AND SUBMERGED SANDBANKS NE ATLANTIC AND NORTH SEA TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I LIST OF MAPS II LIST OF TABLES III 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 REEFS IN THE NORTHEAST ATLANTIC AND THE NORTH SEA (A.D. ROGERS, SOC) 3 2.1 Data inventory 3 2.2 Example cases for the type of information provided (full list see Vol. IV ) 9 2.2.1 "Darwin Mounds" East (UK) 9 2.2.2 Galicia Bank (Spain) 13 2.2.3 Gorringe Ridge (Portugal) 17 2.2.4 La Chapelle Bank (France) 22 2.3 Bibliography reefs 24 2.4 Analysis of Offshore Reefs Inventory (WWF)(overview maps and tables) 31 2.4.1 North Sea 31 2.4.2 UK and Ireland 32 2.4.3 France and Spain 39 2.4.4 Portugal 41 2.4.5 Conclusions 43 3 SUBMERGED SANDBANKS IN EUROPEAN SHELF WATERS (A. -
Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results Volume
Haggerty, J.A., Premoli Suva, L, Rack, R, and McNutt, M.K. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 144 2. PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFER BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PELAGIC CAPS ON GUYOTS IN THE MARSHALL ISLANDS GROUP1 Paul N. Pearson2 ABSTRACT Five guyots were drilled on Ocean Drilling Program Leg 144, three of which possess thick caps of pelagic sediment. These guyots (Limalok, Site 871; Lo-En, Site 872; and Wodejebato, Site 873) belong to the Marshall Islands group of seamounts. Pelagic sediments of late Oligocene to Holocene age were recovered from them. In each case, the sediment was found to be unconsolidated on recovery and contain very abundant planktonic foraminifers, particularly in the >150-µm size range. Preservation of tests is generally good, with most showing only minor signs of dissolution or recrystallization, although many samples have a high proportion of fragmented material in the fine fraction. Planktonic foraminifer faunas are diverse and consist predominantly of warm-water species. A typically western Pacific fauna occurs throughout the Miocene. Biostratigraphic assignment was generally straightforward except for the bottommost interval of the pelagic caps where severe reworking (sediment mixing) is a common feature. A significant hiatus was found at each site between drowning of the carbonate platform and the onset of pelagic sediment accumulation. Thus, the platforms were apparently swept clean of sediments, with the exception of isolated ponds, until subsidence took the guyots sufficiently deep for sediment to accumulate in large quantities. Backtracking of subsidence paths for each guyot suggests that pelagic cap formation began at depths of between 700 and 1000 mbsl. -
Influence of Sediment Transport on Short-Term Recolonization by Seamount Infauna
MARINE ECO'R'OGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 123: 163-175,1995 Mu Published July 20 Ecol Prog Ser / Influence of sediment transport on short-term recolonization by seamount infauna Lisa A. Levin, Claudio DiBacco Marine Life Research Group, Scripps Instituliar of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093-0218, USA ABSTRACT: Rates and mechanisms of mEa'nnal recolonization in contrasting sediment transport regimes were examined by deploying hydrodynamically unbiased colonization trays at 2 sites -2 km apart on the flat summit plain of Fieberhg Cplyot in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Both study sites expe- rienced strong bottom currents and high shear velocity (U. exceeding 1.0 cm S-' daily). Macrofaunal recolonization of defaunated sediments on Werling Guyot was slow relative to observations in shal- low-water sediments, but rapid compared l&other unennched deep-sea treatments. Microbial colo- nization was slower but macrofaunal colon~isnwas faster at White Sand Swale (WSS, 585 m),where rippled foraminiferal sands migrate daily, than at Sea Pen Rim (SPR, 635 m), where the basaltic sands move infrequently. Total densities of macroiannal colonizers at WSS were 31 and 75% of ambient after 7 wk and 6.4 mo, respectively; at SPR they were 6 and 49% of ambient, respectively. Over % of the colonists were polychaetes (predominantly ksionids and dorvilleids) and aplacophoran molluscs. Species richness of colonizers was comparab.lle at SPR and WSS and did not differ substantially from ambient. Most of the species (91%) and indmduals (95%) recovered in colonization trays were taxa present in background cores. However, only 25% of the taxa colonizing tray sediments occurred in trays at both WSS and SPR. -
The Underlying Causes of Morocco-Spain Maritime Dispute Off the Atlantic Coast
Policy Paper The Underlying Causes of Morocco-Spain Maritime Dispute off the Atlantic Coast By Samir Bennis 27 January 2020 Introduction The question of the delimitation of maritime boundaries between Morocco and Spain has always been a hot topic in the relations between the two countries. Because of the complexity of the issue and its legal and political ramifications, there are no formal maritime boundaries between Morocco and Spain, whether in the Mediterranean or off the Atlantic coast. The existence of a territorial dispute between Morocco and Spain over the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla is just one of the factors at play that have made it impossible for the two countries to reach an agreement on the delimitation of their maritime boundaries in the Mediterranean. In waters off the Atlantic coast, however, the main bone of contention is the delimitation of the two countries’ respective Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) and their continental shelves. The existence of an overlap between Rabat and Madrid’s continental shelves, as well as their diverging views on which method should govern the delimitation process has doomed all attempts by the two countries to delimit their respective maritime boundaries to failure. While Spain calls for the application of the method of equidistance and median line, Morocco calls for the application of the method of equity, and stresses that any delimitation should result in an equitable outcome, in line with international law. What has made negotiations between the two countries more arduous is the fact that the overlap between their continental shelves lies in the water off the Sahara, which have been under Morocco’s de facto sovereignty since 1975. -
Compilation of Submissions
CBD Distr. GENERAL CBD/EBSA/WS/2019/1/2 18 September 2019 ENGLISH ONLY REGIONAL WORKSHOP TO FACILITATE THE DESCRIPTION OF ECOLOGICALLY OR BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT MARINE AREAS IN THE NORTH-EAST ATLANTIC OCEAN AND TRAINING SESSION ON ECOLOGICALLY OR BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT MARINE AREAS Stockholm, 22-27 September 2019 COMPILATION OF SUBMISSIONS OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION TO DESCRIBE AREAS MEETING THE SCIENTIFIC CRITERIA FOR ECOLOGICALLY OR BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT MARINE AREAS (EBSAS) IN THE NORTH-EAST ATLANTIC OCEAN Note by the Executive Secretary 1. The Executive Secretary is circulating herewith a compilation of scientific information in support of the Regional Workshop to Facilitate the Description of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) in the North-East Atlantic Ocean. 2. This compilation was prepared drawing on submissions made by Parties, other Governments and relevant organizations in response to notification 2019-050 (ref. no. SCBD/SPS/SBG/AS/JA/JG/88146), dated 28 May 2019 (https://www.cbd.int/doc/notifications/2019/ntf-2019-050-marine-ebsa-en.pdf). Submissions were received from Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Portugal, Spain, BirdLife International, Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Global Ocean Biodiversity Initiative, Institute of Marine Research – University of Azores / ATLAS Project, IUCN Joint SSC/WCPA Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force, International Seabed Authority and International WWF-Centre for Marine Conservation. They are made available through hyperlinks in the tables below. 3. The present compilation consists of the following: (a) scientific information submitted using the EBSA template (compiled in Table 1); and (b) scientific information submitted in the form of scientific articles, reports or websites (compiled in Table 2), as inputs to the workshop discussion. -
Modern and Ancient Hiatuses in the Pelagic Caps of Pacific Guyots and Seamounts and Internal Tides GEOSPHERE; V
Research Paper GEOSPHERE Modern and ancient hiatuses in the pelagic caps of Pacific guyots and seamounts and internal tides GEOSPHERE; v. 11, no. 5 Neil C. Mitchell1, Harper L. Simmons2, and Caroline H. Lear3 1School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK doi:10.1130/GES00999.1 2School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 905 N. Koyukuk Drive, 129 O’Neill Building, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA 3School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK 10 figures CORRESPONDENCE: neil .mitchell@ manchester ABSTRACT landmasses were different. Furthermore, the maximum current is commonly .ac .uk more important locally than the mean current for resuspension and transport Incidences of nondeposition or erosion at the modern seabed and hiatuses of particles and thus for influencing the sedimentary record. The amplitudes CITATION: Mitchell, N.C., Simmons, H.L., and Lear, C.H., 2015, Modern and ancient hiatuses in the within the pelagic caps of guyots and seamounts are evaluated along with of current oscillations should therefore be of interest to paleoceanography, al- pelagic caps of Pacific guyots and seamounts and paleotemperature and physiographic information to speculate on the charac- though they are not well known for the geological past. internal tides: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 5, p. 1590–1606, ter of late Cenozoic internal tidal waves in the upper Pacific Ocean. Drill-core Hiatuses in pelagic sediments of the deep abyssal ocean floor have been doi:10.1130/GES00999.1. and seismic reflection data are used to classify sediment at the drill sites as interpreted from sediment cores (Barron and Keller, 1982; Keller and Barron, having been accumulating or eroding or not being deposited in the recent 1983; Moore et al., 1978). -
Geology and Geochronology of the Line Islands
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 89, NO. B13, PAGES 11,261-11,272,DECEMBER 10, 1984 Geology and Geochronologyof the Line Islands S. O. SCHLANGER,1 M. O. GARCIA,B. H. KEATING,J. J. NAUGHTON, W. W. SAGER,2 J. g. HAGGERTY,3 AND J. g. PHILPOTTS4 Hawaii Institute of Geophysics,University of Hawaii, Honolulu R. A. DUNCAN Schoolof Oceano•Iraphy,Ore,ion State University,Corvallis Geologicaland geophysicalstudies along the entire length of the Line Islands were undertakenin order to test the hot spot model for the origin of this major linear island chain. Volcanic rocks were recoveredin 21 dredge hauls and fossiliferoussedimentary rocks were recoveredin 19 dredge hauls. Volcanic rocks from the Line Islands are alkalic basalts and hawaiites. In addition, a tholeiitic basalt and a phonolite have been recoveredfrom the central part of the Line chain. Microprobe analysesof groundmassaugite in the alkalic basaltsindicate that they contain high TiO2 (1.0-4.0 wt %) and A1203 (3.4-9.1 wt %) and are of alkaline to peralkaline affinities.Major element compositionsof the Line Islandsvolcanic rocks are very comparableto Hawaiian volcanicrocks. Trace elementand rare earth elementanalyses also indicatethat the rocksare typical of oceanicisland alkalic lavas' the Line Islands lavas are very much unlike typical mid-oceanridge or fracturezone basalts.Dating of theserocks by '•øAr-39Ar,K-Ar, and paleontologicalmethods, combined with DeepSea Drilling Projectdata from sites 165, 315, and 316 and previouslydated dredgedrocks, provide ages of volcanic eventsat 20 localities along the chain from 18øN to 9øS,a distanceof almost4000 km. All of thesedates define mid-Cretaceous to late Eoceneedifice or ridge-buildingvolcanic events. -
Submarine Alteration of Seamount Rocks in the Canary
Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 442 Submarine Alteration of Seamount Rocks in the Canary Islands: Insights from Mineralogy, Trace Elements, and Stable Isotopes Undervattensomvandling av basaltiska bergarter från Kanarieöarna: insikter från mineralogi, spårämnen och stabila isotoper Aduragbemi Oluwatobi Sofade INSTITUTIONEN FÖR GEOVETENSKAPER DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 442 Submarine Alteration of Seamount Rocks in the Canary Islands: Insights from Mineralogy, Trace Elements, and Stable Isotopes Undervattensomvandling av basaltiska bergarter från Kanarieöarna: insikter från mineralogi, spårämnen och stabila isotoper Aduragbemi Oluwatobi Sofade ISSN 1650 - 6553 Copyright © Aduragbemi Oluwatobi Sofade Published at Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University (www.geo.uu.se), Uppsala, 2018 Abstract Submarine Alteration of Seamount Rocks in the Canary Islands: Insights from Mineralogy, Trace Elements, and Stable Isotopes Aduragbemi Oluwatobi Sofade Seamounts play an important role in facilitating the exchange of elements between the oceanic lithosphere and the overlying seawater. This water-rock interaction is caused by circulating seawater and controls the chemical exchange in submarine and sub-seafloor rocks and also plays a major role in determining the final composition of these submarine rocks. This investigation is designed to evaluate the (i) degree of alteration and element mobility, (ii) to identify relations between alteration types and (iii) to characterise the chemical processes that take place during seafloor and sub-seafloor alteration in the Central Atlantic region. The investigated submarine rocks are typically altered and comprise calcite and clay minerals in addition to original magmatic feldspar, olivine, pyroxene, quartz, biotite, and amphibole. -
Limited IOC-IHO/GEBCO SCUFN-XIV/3 English Only
Distribution : limited IOC-IHO/GEBCO SCUFN-XIV/3 English only INTERGOVERNMENTAL INTERNATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC HYDROGRAPHIC COMMISSION (of UNESCO) ORGANIZATION Japan Oceanographic Data Center Tokyo, Japan 17-20 April 2001 SUMMARY REPORT IOC-IHO/GEBCO SCUFN-XIV/3 Page intentionally left blank IOC-IHO/GEBCO SCUFN-XIV/3 Page i ALPHABETIC INDEX OF UNDERSEA FEATURE NAMES CONSIDERED AT SCUFN XIV AND APPEARING IN THIS REPORT (*=new name approved) Name Page Name Page ABY Canyon * 19 ARS Canyon * 94 AÇOR Bank * 26 ATHOS Canyon * 93 AÇOR Fracture Zone 26 'ATI'APITI Seamount 98 AÇORES ESTE Fracture Zone * 26 AUDIERNE Canyon * 90 AÇORES NORTE Fracture Zone 26 AUDIERNE Levee * 90 AÇORES-BISCAY Cordillera 26 AVON Canyon * 78 AEGIR Ridge 23 BAOULÉ Canyon * 19 AEGIS Spur * 87 BEAUGÉ Promontory * 85 AGOSTINHO Seamount * 26 BEIJU Bank * 58 AIGUILLON Canyon * 94 BEIRAL DE VIANA Escarpment * 6 AIX Canyon * 94 BELLE-ILE Canyon * 92 AKADEMIK KURCHATOV 12 BERTHOIS Spur * 86 Fracture Zone * AKE-NO-MYOJO Seamount * 52 BIJAGÓS Canyon * 11 ALBERT DE MONACO Ridge * 27 BIR-HAKEIM Bank 96 ALVARO MARTINS Hill * 27 BLACK Hole * 71 AMAMI Rise 62 BLACK MUD Canyon * 86 AMANOGAWA Seamounts * 69 BLACK MUD Levee * 89 AN-EI Seamount * 74 BLACK MUD SUPERIEUR 95 Seachannel ANITA CONTI Seamounts * 18 BLACK MUD INFERIEUR 95 Seachannel ANNAN Seamount 10 BOGDANOV Fracture Zone * 81 ANTON LEONOV Seamount * 11 BORDA Seamount * 27 ANTONIO DE FREITAS Hill * 27 BOREAS Abyssal Plain 23 ARAKI Seamount * 65 BOURCART Spur 97 ARAMIS Canyon * 93 BOURÉE Hole * 27 ARCACHON Canyon * 92 BRENOT Spur -
Policy Implications of the Atlas Project
CONTACT Project Coordinator: Project Management Communication: J Murray Roberts Team: Annette Wilson [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] @eu_ ATLAS @EuATLAS ATLAS-Deep Discoveries EU_ ATLAS POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE ATLAS PROJECT OCTOBER 2020 Designed by AquaTT Designed by This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 678760 (ATLAS). This output reflects only the author’s view and the European Union WWW.EU-ATLAS.ORG cannot be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. © Ifremer POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE ATLAS PROJECT POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE ATLAS PROJECT PREFACE This document is a synthesis of the ATLAS report on “Policy implications on the governance This high-level summary brings together the key policy-relevant results of the four- regime for the North Atlantic and articulation with global and regional instruments resulting year, European Union Horizon 2020 ATLAS Project: A trans-Atlantic assessment and from changing deep-sea dynamics”, ATLAS Deliverable 7.8: DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4064242 deep-sea ecosystem-based spatial management plan for Europe (May 2016 – October Lead Authors: Phillip J. Turner, David E. Johnson, J. Murray Roberts 2020). The importance of these results to decision makers as well as their relevance Contributing Authors: Claire Armstrong; Sophie Arnaud-Haond; Bich Xuân Bui; Jens Carlsson; to established policy objectives and on-going policy discussions is highlighted, with Marina Carreiro-Silva; Hermione Cockburn; Stuart Cunningham; Pablo Durán Muñoz; Julia discussion focusing on five main themes: Eighteen; Alan Fox; Ana García-Alegre; Matthew Gianni; Ronnie Glud; Anthony Grehan; Lea- Anne Henry; Clare Johnson; Georgios Kazanidis; Ellen Kenchington; Godwin Kofi Vondolia; 1. -
Atlas Compendium of Results Unlocking the Potential of the Deep Atlantic Ocean June 2020
ATLAS COMPENDIUM OF RESULTS UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF THE DEEP ATLANTIC OCEAN JUNE 2020 d ir b ck la B a en ab S © WWW.EU-ATLAS.ORG Designed and developed by AquaTT TOGETHER, WE CAN ENSURE THE ATLANTIC OCEAN IS THE BEATING HEART OF OUR WORLD FOR PREFACE GENERATIONS YET TO COME. This compendium summarises the key achievements of the four-year European Union Horizon 2020 ATLAS project: A trans-Atlantic assessment and deep-sea ecosystem-based spatial management plan for Europe (May 2016 – July 2020). ATLAS is the largest and most ambitious assessment of deep-sea Atlantic ecosystems ever undertaken. The consortium numbers over 70 scientists including oceanographers, marine ecologists, social scientists, policy experts, professional communicators and outreach specialists. This consortium of 25 partners from 12 different countries worldwide have worked closely together over four years. They have explored the depths of the North Atlantic Ocean, improved our understanding of deep-sea ecosystem complexities, and helped to predict future shifts and vulnerabilities of these ecosystems and their associated species. Alongside traditional approaches, ATLAS scientists have used the latest technology and developed new methods and models, including environmental DNA approaches and innovative low-cost camera systems, to search water and sediment samples for known and undiscovered deep-sea species. ATLAS has carried out pioneering research and discovered new benthic communities and species, developing a vast knowledge base that has already contributed to international policies and strategies. This knowledge ensures that deep-sea Atlantic resources are managed effectively, and lays the foundations for future Blue Growth. To develop this compendium, we have reviewed a large volume of reports, research articles and project reports to capture the ATLAS team’s key outputs, results and activities. -
Ore Geology Reviews 114 (2019) 103131
Ore Geology Reviews 114 (2019) 103131 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ore Geology Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/oregeorev Distribution of and hydrographic controls on ferromanganese crusts: Tropic Seamount, Atlantic T ⁎ I.A. Yeoa,b, , S.A. Howarthc, J. Spearmand, A. Cooperd, N. Crossouardd, J. Taylord, M. Turnbulld, B.J. Murtona a National Oceanography Centre Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK b Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK c University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK d HR Wallingford, Howbery Business Park, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BA, UK ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts are likely to be exploited as resources for critical metals in the near future, Ferromanganese crusts yet the processes controlling where and how they grow are poorly understood. Using detailed mapping of Ferromanganese nodules seafloor outcrop and well constrained hydrographic modelling alongside scanning electron microscope imagery fl Sea oor mapping of samples from the Tropic Seamount, a star-shaped guyot located in the Tropical East Atlantic, we investigate Critical elements the relationship between currents, ferromanganese crustal texture and the locations and intensity of crustal Tropic Seamount erosion. Here, we report the distribution of FeMn crusts and explore factors controlling their growth and erosion. Atlantic We find that just over 35% of the summit plateau of the guyot exposes some form of ferromanganese crust mineralisation, with the rest variably covered by plains of mobile sediment and slim cliff exposures of carbonate. The steep flanks of the guyot largely expose ferromanganese crust both in situ and as debris flows.