Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. fErp Arne l,21;Ohe ta. 09 abrk ta. 0821)adteBli os (Donis coast Baltic the and 2018,2019) al., 2010; et Cho Tamborski 2007, 2019; Maher 1996, al., 2019; Webster, (Moore, et Oehler America 2019; North al. al., et in et States (Aaron United Europe sites Dias of the research 2015; of Many Windom, which coasts and of west America(Niencheski coast, and karst east and the the Zarnoch fissure to in bedrock marine interference sandy, other located including and man-made are fishing coast produce mariculture, different substances will to along other damage which studied to and serious waters, materials nutrients causing and activities(Kim coastal Excessive zone, water coastal the economic transfer areas. the to into coastal in land discharged of process for are environment biogeochemical access attention an ecological (Burnett SGD pay and waters the to by cycle coastal affects began carried water in It scientists global emissions the that groundwater regardless ocean. of 1980s to margin, the part the difference continental important until a an coastal made not is the also was SGD to it it seabed However, because SGD the century. to (Burnett from 20th water force the of driving before flows and springs all composition and fluid any of as defined is SGD SGD improving on Introduction suggestions some results, research existing the study, of coast recently analysis the at the on Aiming SGD on accurately. of Based measured significance forward. environmental be put Bohai. and to are In field the difficult investigation research researchers. and is method, the it Huanghai research by space, overlooked the process, global and easily research ecological and of is the time local coastal discuss it in the and will aquifer, affects SGD in paper cycle it of this occurs Therefore, water uncertainty usually the global sea. it the to the Since to due affects land seawater. addition, SGD from estuaries. and pollutants groundwater and ocean, of coastal flats to path of tidal materials transport circulation areas, the chemical coastal influence and is in also which groundwater water SGD groundwater(SGD), and of environment. submarine seawater sources between of interaction important discharge the the an of to As attention process more important and and more typical paid a have hydrogeologists years, recent In Abstract 2020 28, August 2 1 A Bohai: zhang and jinming Huanghai the of Zone Coastal review the in SGD on Study bu 80 ioeesln,wihi n ftelnetcutisi h ol.Tersac oue nthe on focuses research The world. is the China in in countries coastline longest The the attention. of people’s one arose is coastal which Chinese long, along kilometers SGD 18000 of about study the years, recently In Zhu 2019; tt e aoaoyo yrlg-ae eore n yrui Engineering Hydraulic and Resources Hydrology-Water of Laboratory Key State University Hohai tal. et 07 Krall 2017; , tal. et tal. et 09 Kang 2019; , 07 Adolf 2017; , 1 2019). , u Kong Jun , tal. et tal. et 07 Franz 2017; , tal. et tal. et tal. et 09 aa-or n lmr,21) ot oe sa(Lee Asia , Korea South 2019), Glamore, and Sadat-Noori 2019; , 2 09 n h os fJpn(Burnett Japan of coast the and 2019) , ie Zhou Ziwen , 05 Swarzenski 2005; , 09 Kelly 2019; , tal. et 09,Tees n etcato utai Lmnan and (Lamontagne Australia of coast west and east The 2019), , tal. et tal. et 1 ioogDong Xiaosong , tal. et 06 aRocha da 2016; , tal. et 09,adteesencatlaeso rzli South in Brazil of areas coastal eastern the and 2019), , 1 03.SDwsdsoee n sdi undersea in used and discovered was SGD 2003). , 07 Hwang 2007; , 1 tal. et n ahoCai Canhao and , tal. et 08,teMdtraencoast Mediterranean the 2018), , tal. et 08 Nikpeyman 2018; , 00.SDhsbeen has SGD 2010). , 1 tal. et tal. et 2003). , tal. et 2018; , , Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. h adi ihrta h e ee,teha ieec rvstegon ae nteaufro h land the on aquifer the in on water level ground water the ground drives the difference Since (Burnett head seafloor gradient. the soil, hydraulic level, the of dissolved sea local to filtration substances the is discharge and soluble than SFGD to dissolution of higher of the number is force from large land driving water comes a the the The sufficiently mainly with experienced composition from rock. So, material has and comes its SFGD sea. sediment which water, The the underground precipitation, into water. the infiltration atmospheric confined in its of and before water infiltration interaction phreatic into the rock of divided by consists be formed and can groundwater SGD mainland to Thus, the wave, back 2). tide, is flowing sea (Figure SFGD water of factors action the other 2). the is, and (Figure under (that water supply SRGD interface land pure fresh water and sea the and SFGD sea the saltwater namely of through components of circulation aquifer two difference offshore the includes density the it and entering forces, water) after driving ocean fresh ocean the (generally and inland land the of effects from dual the SGD to Due of Process and Classification for suggestions The provide and and investigation areas Sea common Bohai coastal the the the future. along on the introduces SGD SGD in of then of situation SGD impact research and on environmental the research SGD summarize the further to of analyze is Sea, process purpose Yellow Bohai paper basic the formation the this The and the SGD, SGD. Sea of of describes Yellow methods process the first the of study study understand case This to the order with In process tide. interaction SGD sea red Sea. the land and Sea, important water Bohai this coastal introduces and of Sea eutrophic Yellow highly the the along 4.12*10 research, (Charette is in the runoff Bay (Zhang contained to surface nutrients Laizhou than according and of higher example, pollutants value For magnitude an The enhancement of plays the 2004). generated. times also and Cappellen, several are region agriculture be pollutants the industry, development. can the land-based globalization, of populated and SGD of development densely more economic life most the one today’s activities, the human’s with human In are become However, of of also they world. has needs ecosystem, role. the Sea Sea marine important the Bohai in Bohai the increasingly and area meet and the land developed Sea can and Yellow geographical of economically Liaoning, which the Sea and junction of of superior Yellow world, zone the cities the have coastal the as and addition, the cities in provinces Therefore, In and and regions six China, areas. as rich-biodiversity provinces in residential well most areas These and as sea industrial areas Sea, active important main Jiangsu. Bohai most are the the other the and are of and and Shandong and Bay one Sea Jiaozhou is location account Bay, Beijing, Yellow there coastlines Laizhou the coast Bay, Tianjin, whose Bohai of The China, Bay, Hebei, coast 1). of Liaodong (Figure the are north China’s There along the of in bays activities. length social areas total and sea the economic important of of are third Sea one Yellow about the for and ecological Sea and Bohai pollution and environmental The countries ocean serious such sea. increasingly dynamics, behind near the groundwater lags China’s from China dynamics, in divorced in deterioration seriously ocean SGD is on in which research scholars regions, the and of Minjiang etc. the chemistry, cooperation in isotopic the groundwater geochemistry, of groundwater of input yield requiry (Liu the water the limited while the 2016), research, very Du, addition, is input(Xu and (Wang In groundwater estuary environment of River local rivers. amount the other large on impact and the huge in River resulting Pearl Guo River, good, 2016; Yangtze is ((Cen River, aquifer Yellow Bay coastal Tolo of of and estuary Bay the Laizhou Bay, in Jiaozhou in input Liu groundwater of distribution uneven tal. et tal. et 08 Yuan 2018; , tal. et 07.T oeetn,SDmycuetedtroaino h aieevrnetsc as such environment marine the of deterioration the cause may SGD extent, some To 2017). , 07 Liu 2017; , tal. et tal. et 08.Teeesssawd n hc itiuinae floesediments loose of area distribution thick and wide a exsists There 2018). , 7 m tal. et 3 08.I h atcato annIln,gonwtriptps a pose input groundwater Island, Hainan of coast east the In 2018). , d(Wang /d tal. et 06.Hwvr u otedffiute nfil netgto or investigation field in difficulties the to due However, 2016). , 03 or,21;Santos 2010; Moore, 2003; , tal. et 2 05,adta fJazo a s1.21*10 is Bay Jiaozhou of that and 2015), , tal. et tal. et 02 iadJa,2013). Jiao, and Li 2012; , tal. et 01 lm n Van and Slomp 2001; , 04 Xia 2014; , tal. et tal. et 2017; , 7 m 3 /d , Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. fgonwtr hc stebsso h seseto rudae.I sue ocluaeteaon of amount the calculate (Ma to gradient used hydraulic is It the by groundwater. driven of assessment evaluation aquifer quantitative the 2017). the the of to through analysis basis flowing qualitative the semi groundwater is SGD, and qualitative which evaluate the groundwater, method. to from of simulation leap methods numerical the realizes and mathematical law method hydrogeological Darcy’s balance by water law, discharge Darcy’s groundwater on calculate based to refers It model Hydrological by damaged When or SGD. and disturbed points easily place measuring local is of to the meter number diver seepage measure large the of a use. only requires process SGD, (Cable measurement it can regional wave the as the and percolator addition, of current percolator, In the laws the and arranged. Moreover, with characteristics be SGD the must seabed. out measure collecting pulse make to the water thermal to labors on a on necessary and based and percolator time is switch the of valve percolator recover lot double automatic a advanced a costs the more with it 1977)invented the conduit cylinder (Lee, present, a steel At Lee closed, stainless al. L. 1977, end a 4 In one of (Taniguchi of and composed technology volume percolator. mainly L a simple, of 208 with very of bag means is volume by structure a directly Its with SGD instrument. measure percolation to manual is method This hydrological measurement method. used method, Direct tracer measurement commonly geophysical direct the and Presently, categories: method estimation. four tracer and into isotope detection environmental sumarized SGD method, be on model can methods methods many evaluation are SGD there years, recent In Accessment SGD its on the by Methods in reflected substances mainly Common soluble aquifer the in dissolves seawater also circulating aquifer, but of the input. water, significance into material dissolved fresh seeps the landy of ground water and Therefore, types cycle the sea and geochemical soil. with the amount and reacts When the rock increasing and 2002). aquifer ocean, mixes Safronova, the only and to not (Dzhamalov input under- it seawater groundwater matter land-based the and fresh dissolved seawater in of net circulating substances that a water, subsurface than form and higher both salt surface is ground between A seawater exchange aquifer. flow of coastal driven the density the Besides seawater the in circulating as water The fresh aquifer, and the sediments. the saltwater The in surface of with (Robinson formed zone in ebbing. which Compared usually mixed higher, water is much is the beach. pore is tide under wedge sandy frequency of becomes the occurs circulating the replacement and difference when its density rapid along but aquifer ocean by smaller, follows occurs the much the as is mainly into to depth shown wave seeps circulating returns is of its pump and pump, action tide aquifer tide the of of the action under action from water the out sea under seeps circulating action seawater It wave upward pump, the water. tidal mainly underground rising, are is forces that tide driving means The which the (Burnett sea, seawater. difference the to shore. density of returns the and and bottom from seawater away the from to far comes discharge far SRGD extend can water can areas fresh coastal underground some land-based in the aquifers confined deep The 03.I a eodtecag fgonwtrdshrewt h ieccecniuul.However, continuously. cycle tide the with discharge groundwater of change the record can It 2003). , tal. et 2007). , tal. et tal. et 03,aosi ope ehooyo y iuintechnology(Sholkovitz dilution dye or technology doppler acoustic 2003), , 97.T eti xet hs rwak rvn ecltrfo widely from percolator prevent drawbacks these extent, certain a To 1997). , tal. et 03 or,21;Santos 2010; Moore, 2003; , 3 tal. et 02 iadJa,21) When 2013). Jiao, and Li 2012; , tal. et 05 Qu 2015; , tal. et et , Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. diin hydmntae yrui ikbtensraeadpr ae ne h ebd However, seabed. In the SGD under deposition. largest data. sediment water the of coastal pore years, amount to and three the due surface by these 2006 between limited During September link is to approach hydraulic period. 2004 this same a September the demonstrated from during they assess offshore flow addition, to km River calculated observations 2 Yellow and direct moved the 2004-2006 110m using zone during of was the sections study 7.0% coastline different of the to two length mouth conducted observed 4.5% unit the They and per at delta. River, SFGD River Yellow out Yellow that carried the the was of on Sea impact reaches the lower Bohai the and off Sea Yellow cut the on (Taniguchi research River Yellow SGD earliest the Bohai Globally, and Huanghai Along the Investigation of SGD monitoring discharge However, the more. for and used more mainly process. also applied tidal is been the method identification has in this transport, and aquifer examples, water etc., phreatic application of discharge, current reflection local the real-time of from of estimation aspects used interface, monitor the often conversion to in is of method potential it tracer application stage, and and initial advantages sensing its In temperature (Henderson with Johnson detection. (Henderson combined and large-scale can process often for discharge It is also groundwater which other mapping. but the with method, intuitionistic monitoring, Compared comparison and local century. a spaciality for 21st continuity, as only early of not the advantages body in used the water developed be fresh has method and method monitoring salt resistivity new between a methods, difference is electrical soil the surrounding on and based technology measurement resistivity The groundwater (Burnett of scale regional heterogeneity a tracing the on Geophysical ignored SGD and of groundwater effectively level evaluate average waters to the coastal show tracer the which results using The in seawater, of discharge. signals (Yuan coastal theory principle SGD in basic balance the reactivity The combined mass lower conservative. the with more is groundwater radionu- is discharge natural in behavior These concentration chemical series. higher decay means thorium have and usually uranium of clides radionuclides natural uses tracing Geochemical tracer isotope and Environmental results method of simulated tracer generalization the mete, so, seepage inappropriate by Since 2010). data; evaluated Moore, groundwater al. hydrogeology of 2003; et discharge of seepage (Oberdorfer, ocean total lack measured the the the from serious from to much force according deviate are: driving usually to calculated complicated model of method be this simplification can difference and by parameters; velocity discharge (Chang faced finite flow boundary groundwater problems the the aquifer The get the or the to on method and element. distribution spatio-temporal, element discrete velocity equation finite the transport on solute the and salinity using equation is flow overlooked. the difficult method discretize as be especially simulation such not items, is can numerical process, other evaporation which know hydrological The error The we each (Burnett the If of exploitation. formula to precision part. artificial leading balance variable a estimate, and the the is to runoff SGD on to surface which depends according evaporation, of method SGD balanced, precipitation, balance is of water water world of amount of receipts whole the reliability and the expenses get in the even can that or necessary we region is method certain balance a water in of basis theoretical the Meanwhile tal. et tal. et 08.Te on htsne19,asotg firgto ae a often had water irrigation of shortage a 1990, since that found They 2008). , 00 Johnson 2010; , tal. et tal. et tal. et 3 si 04ad10m 170 and 2004 in /s 05,rssiiymto rdal hw t technical its shows gradually method resistivity 2015), , 4 00.Wt h eeomn yHnesn Dimova Henderson, by development the With 2010). , 06 Zhang 2016; , tal. et 08 Yu 2018; , tal. et 3 si 06 hc a qiaetto equivalent was which 2006, in /s tal. et 06.Tetae technology tracer The 2016). , tal. et 09.Hwvr tpresent, at However, 2019). , tal. et 03.Hwvr the However, 2003). , 2001). , Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. usqety hsppretmtdteipc fSDo oa niomn.TeetmtdDN TDN DIN, estimated The environment. local on SGD of 7.79*10 impact were the TDP estimated and surface paper SGD. sea this local of Subsequently, to 6.93cm anomaly related of be 33.27the average may an to it 17.91 so the flow, from 0.5-1.8m, river the salinity between or the fluctuates circulation (Zhang coastal tide and Recently, long the 23.3, to and when related to seawater that not between show is 13.8 difference temperature results from The temperature changes image. maximum temperature thermal the the from in (Xing obtained groundwater Bay, anomaly Laizhou temperature of surface part eastern the coast In eastern the in investigation SGD Bay Laizhou SGD. in total the studies of SGD the 24% and about channel, for the account WSRS along during to highest estuary was fluid estimated River SGD conservatively Yellow of WSRS, was the the changes SGD of and During flux fresh process the non-WSRS. SGD of hydrodynamic during predict the composition the that that may accelerates than found WSRS larger is distribution ( much by It radium different is rate. caused the transport This flooding that offshore artificial period. the seen The increases non-WSRS be flux. can SGD the and it in dynamics data, those the than comparing By higher 2013. in WSRS and 224 non-WSRS the during River. Futher Yellow vertical turbidity. the unique and (Xia oxygen, of a and dissolved content estuary in salinity, nutrient resulted the all between FSGD in in correlation WSRS, route decrease positive nutrient the a a during with built that layer, they observed boundary more, also benthic They the system. of ( the profile flow in river SGD high fresh that of concluded from and measurements estuary region. River field Yellow SGD the of delta migration used whole the They the noticed scholars (Xu of Both 2014, SFGD In period. the same the 2006, over September flow and River’s 170m Yellow 2004 and 110 September (Taniguchi about In generation. was apparatus. sediment on percolation impact automatic little had flux 1.3*10 (Xu estuary River Huang in SGD is seawater model coastal balance (2.0 and mass was the calculated groundwater used he coastal Liu SGD Jianan in of seawater. activity and isotopic groundwater between of of interaction level the by rate, relative determined flux the SGD on activity, that (salinity) groundwater environment terrestrial demonstrating activity, geochemical human and lithology, process geological mixing of effects the studied Yi (Liu Bay Bohai in studies SGD 226 Ra, 222 aand Ra tal. et tal. et tal. et nms aac oe n otnosmntrn,teflxo G a 6.64cm was SGD of flux the monitoring, continuous and model balance mass Rn 226 9 m a and Ra) 3 d n h ag fvrainws2.8*10 was variation of range the and /d, 06 nertdohrhdooia aaeesi pc n iefrrdu n ao isotopes radon and radium for time and space in parameters hydrological other integrated 2016) , 07;Yi 2017a; , 03cnutdasuyusing study a 2013)conducted , 228 tal. et at aclt htSG a uhgetripc nBhiSata FD h value The SFGD. than Sea Bohai on impact greater much a had SRGD that calculate to Ra tal. et 222 04 rtsuidteipc fWtrSdmn euainShm WR)o SGD. on (WSRS) Scheme Regulation Sediment Water of impact the studied first 2014) , 3 natvte nteYlo ie sur uigteWR eidaesignificantly are period WSRS the during estuary River Yellow the in activities Rn d hc a ossetwt h eut fohrshlr n ueia simulation. numerical and scholars other of results the with consistent was which /d, tal. et 6 o/,8.92*10 mol/d, 06 used 2016) , 3 s epciey hs rswtrflw r qiaett . o70prcn fthe of cent per 7.0 to 4.5 to equivalent are flows freshwater These respectively. /s, 09 ohue aimiooetae nBhiSaae osuySD Lixin SGD. study to area Sea Bohai in tracer isotope radium used both 2019) , ± 1.3) 222 × 6 o/ n 1.41*10 and mol/d 10 nt vlaeSDo h atcato azo a.Bsdon Based Bay. Laizhou of coast east the on SGD evaluate to Rn 222 11 tal. et 223 nand Rn m 3 Ra, /yr. 06 eet oeta G yaayigteseawater the analyzing by SGD potential detects 2016) , 224 8 220 5 aand Ra o3.0*10 to nt eemn h osbeSDlcto fthe of location SGD possible the determine to Rn > 4 tal. et 223 00m 3000 o/,rsetvl,wihwr qa oo even or to equal were which respectively, mol/d, Ra, 226 9 m a ecluae htteSDflxwas flux SGD the that calculated He Ra. 08mil netgtdSG ihan with SFGD investigated 2008)mainly , 224 3 3 d oevr eblee htteSGD the that believed he Moreover, /d. s a encsayfralreamount large a for necessary be may /s) 222 aand Ra n niaigta G stemain the is SGD that indicating Rn, 228 ai ieetwtrbodies, water different in Ra 3 dt 7.21cm to /d 3 d with /d, 223 Ra, Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. a,wihpoie h ai o h olwu study. follow-up the for basis of the activity provided the while which Bay, distance, offshore of of distribution increase activity the the with addition, In of activity recharge. groundwater the and that prove to bodies (Wang Bay, Jiaozhou In Bay Jiaozhou of in brines zones. lowering subsurface low-tide studies gradual of near SGD freshwater extraction The inland the density. of as discharge such by the water activities driven and of human flow of projects, evaporation, amount water distribution many to Large of the underground due (6) construction by of be the affected Pleistocene. may amount and late mainly sea large a divided the the is of has be to since The and effect can salinity and periods (4) strata, which the tide, transgression sedimentary stratified, is surface. three and the is flow in the as precipitation Bay formed same to by Laizhou from aquifers in the drain zone affected brine groundwater roughly intertidal to is seabed layers, the groundwater Bay section The five In allow Laizhou intertidal (5) into heads in zone. in pattern. water intertidal groundwater surface increase variation the high also seepage submarine periodic of relatively will of the slope which existence ocean, of gentle leaching, the the dynamics and two salt by to surface. coefficient by inland caused inland beach permeability affected during was the the low mainly seeped SGD on the and is (3) salt to extracted Salinity of due groundwater. is accumulation (2) continuous of brine ground- a sources. salinity :(1) the to follows inland the hand, as leads from other sumariezed evaporation resupplied the be intense can more On hand, bay one is Laizhou On sea of shore factors. the southern from the electrical farther on monitoring, results water study discharge field the groundwater simulation, general, of numerical In typical process using is the studied here Considering SGD further (Han area. as is Bay, environment. the methods. Laizhou area coastal other of this the and coast zone, on conductivity south intertidal impact the 164.0m in are the great researches inflows a in of and has SGD lot it of a value out and The carried g/L. have 56 scholars (Hou to more Bay, 25 Laizhou was of here salinity bank southern the coast On southern the obviously in is which investigation of decreased, SGD trend then a and showed increased beach. outflow gravel first the or inflow slope, the sandy the gentle variation, the while very density from increasing, and the different then permeability of and sediment account decreasing low m full first area, 8.8 taking respectively surface and are seepage law here large Darcy’s quantity inflow Under and (Ma quantity surface. Bay, SGD seepage Laizhou large-scale of a with coast northwest the coast On northwest the in investigation the SGD and limited, the development severely on sustainable achieve knowledge are to and data required work is more the areas processes, and coastal hydrogeological in resources Bay management. of seawater water Laizhou and understanding vulnerable groundwater an of of between SGD management on cycle coast effective Based in the east Bay. role for Laizhou the significance important in practical on and an studies theoretical play have few results tides are that there shows of Although diffusion study sediment this and flux addition, Moreover, In respectively. of concentration River. The Yellow variation. the than higher tal. et 04 tde h itiuincaatrsiso aimiooe nwater in isotopes radium of characteristics distribution the studied 2014) , 222 ni ral ffce ytdsadflcutsa ihtd n o tide, low and tide high at fluctuates and tides by affected greatly is Rn 224 aand Ra tal. et tal. et 04as tde h yrceityadhdoelg of hydrogeology and hydrochemistry the studied 2014)also , tal. et 226 amyb nune ylclltooy ua activities human lithology, local by influenced be may Ra 06 on h it ia a.Te on htthe that found They flat. tidal silty the found 2016) , 6 226 05suidteSDecag aeo ia flat tidal a of rate exchange SGD the 2015)studied , aaeidpneto h oa G supply. SGD total the of independent are Ra 226 armie tahg ee ntewoejiaozhou whole the in level high a at remained Ra 3 d * -1 224 m * ai iohuBydcesdgradually decreased Bay Jiaozhou in Ra -1 n 53m 15.3 and 2 dad6.5m and /d 3 d * 2 d ae,mr and more Later, /d. -1 m * -1 u othe to Due . Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. (Yuan izo iyi ioigpoic.Ti niae hti h uue esol ou npooigSGD promoting on focus should we and future, City the the of Dalian scale. in coast province, and the that distribution Hebei along indicates province, of studied direction Tianjin This been province, the not province. Jiangsu in have research of Liaoning that areas areas in of coastal City not lot the Jinzhou original a which as the still the and such change changed, are Sea SGD, N may gradually there Bohai through that of also be noticed waters but ratio have will coastal we waters. utilization reproduction, waters However, to coastal explosive the coastal in added phytoplankton and phytoplankton in are and input of elements eutrophication P structure river nutrient to population and of investigated restrictive leads N They that river. as directly If each than considered. N of only also higher inflow and zones. was total was coastal ratio environment the input in than the N/P SGD larger on phytoplankton in much calculated of SGD of is and of ratio SGD P analyzed impact of N/P been input the has the the areas, SGD that that of some proved flux in is the addition, it that and In shows regions, Sea five Bohai the the all in studies of compilation The Remark had Finally also SGD Sea, Yellow Sea. x10 Yellow the 384) the of +- in part (487 cyanobacteria southern were of the DSi 1.0)*10 outbreak In and +- 259)x10 the DIP (1.3 rivers. for +- DIN, is other (313 Its Sea of yellow and environment. inflow of the mol/yr total input on the SGD impact of the huge times area, a 3.9 sea semi-closed +- a 5.9 As is Sea. Yellow the of (Liu 2016, In Huanghai in to SGD similar basically Aquatic Qingdao are definition, and obtained new Administration results Oceanic the The State as flow, by power calculated. long model (1998). of numerical Bay, be as Jiaozhou and Administration dynamics can Therefore, of model Products the Bay capacity box and exchange on Jiaozhou variables. by days, water based calculated of the and 15 those study be time and parameters to to exchange 12 used flow water need are between power principle the model not was by empting biogeochemical Bay does and and affected Jiaozhou method method filling not of principle, This the is time bay. and days. exchange it the Bay 12.5 water in and the was water the of value in that tracer average completed calculated as the exchange N he and bay, water Si the of substance non-conservative of definition of the ratio to the used According He important time. its exchange proving water Bay, Jiaozhou (Yang in Bay. Furthermore, nutrients Jiaozhou granular of hydraulic ecosystem and with the dissolved correlation in of good role has flux SGD and of different rate distribution four (Yuan the variation, of that addition, proves DIP) phenomenon In and This 3.6*10 (DIN conductivity. zone. was flux coastal rate nutrient sandy exchange the and SGD in the flux calculateed nutrient He related types. SGD wetland groundwater, 1.21*10 of is rate exchange result The (Qu model. 2017, previous enough. In the difference large concentration of not the times when is 1.34˜1.44 especially groundwater is account, which into and RSGD seawater by caused offshore m seawater between 4.72*106 in was loss 2012 7.85*106m tracer in was the May 2011 taking to in April October from to Bay September Jiaozhou from Bay Jiaozhou in groundwater submarine tal. et 06 siae G u yuigtems aac ehdof method balance mass the using by flux SGD estimated 2016) , tal. et tal. et 07ue eeaie ac’ a odsrb h rs eto o yais seawater dynamics, flow section cross the describe to law darcy’s generalized 2017)used , 07)sdthe 2017b)used , tal. et 03 rpsdaboeceia oe n e ento fmrn bay marine of definition new a and model biogeochemical a proposed 2013) , 9 o/r epciey hc eecniee yshlr sipratfactors important as scholars by considered were which respectively, mol/yr, tal. et 228 ams aac ehdt netgt G u ntesuhcoast south the on flux SGD investigate to method balance mass Ra 08 tde h nuneo FDo h esnladspatial and seasonal the on SFGD of influence the studied 2018) , 7 3 d a hn 21)ipoe hsmdlb fully by model this improved (2017) Zhang Yan /d. -3 o76c/,wihrahdtemaximum the reached which cm/d, 7.6 to 226 9 a h icag u of flux discharge The Ra. o/r 28+ .)x10 2.2) +- (2.8 mol/yr, 7 o2.17*10 to 3 d hl htin that while /d, 12 m 3 y,which /yr, 7 m 3 /d, 9 Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ae nust h osa oe igohmsr,6( 2,3-33. pore /2), and Groundwater 66(1 Biogeochemistry, 2003. M., zone. Taniguchi, of coastal and the W.S., Remobilization to Moore, inputs M.; water 2019. Huettel, H.; M., Bokuniewicz, W.C.; Canals, exchange. 1359–1372. Burnett porewater 688, and and Environment, discharge groundwater A., Total by the driven Sanchez-Vidal, Diego- deposit of tailing Science D.; A.; mine Tovar-Sanchez, coastal Sanchez-Quilez, a M.; from metals G.; Cerda-Domenech, dissolved Trezzi, V.; Rodellas, M.; J.; Feliu, and phytoplankton Garcia-Orellana, of A.; Estuarine distributions USA. Alorda-Kleinglass, Hawai’i, 341-353. shore coast, 219, Near Kona Science, fishponds, 2019. Shelf discharge-fed S., and groundwater Gamiao, Coastal submarine to and relation J.K., in Walker, bacteria in J.; cycle Burns, hydrologic J.E.; the Adolf, of study the for interaction the significance region References understand great Sea of better Bohai of fusion can and is and and Sea which intersection research, Yellow to groundwater, the SGD the made and that on be seawater believe impact must We of profound efforts disciplines. process a great have related region, and will in Sea dynamics, disciplines environmental experts Bohai various and among and conditions Yellow cooperation climatic the promote great types, in it to of aquifer details investigation, coastal more is representative in SGD which considering SGD study conditions, of describe hydrogeological process to coastal order the the analysis, In SRGD. In quantitative of and and understanding coast SFGD described of shortcomings. sufficient distinguish fully types to a many other been significance have have on not to research methods have of necessary the conditions region traditional and is flow the coast, the In subsurface sandy makes the the zone. addition, coastal on which of In focuses are types research less. different there the and is and Sea, Yellow zone bays, and coastal scale Yellow Sea the insufficient. small the Bohai of SGD and on conditions of areas studies hydrogeological understanding mouth addition, the the river In Study makes important studied. which effects on groundwater fully studies, comprehensive focus rise, been SGD the mainly level not large-scale However, have region sea few SGD Sea by factors. and Bohai affected other aquifers and is and coastal Sea aquifers coastline on coastal of factors of in Coast hydrogeological these changes SGD large-scale the of ports, the studied. along of on be cycle dredging activities should carbon human exploitation, zone and the coastal fluctuation on level of SGD and sea system of of method influence effect new comprehensive the Sea. The the Yellow study of the DOC to quantitative and evaluation and important than Sea quantitative DIC very greater Bohai evaluate is component is The is to flux it input the DOC/Ra CH4 the Therefore, that carry and and showed In DIC/Ra rivers CO2 means. results of freshwater The of strengthened. ratio to SGD. content SGD by Relative be the the determine input groundwater, atmosphere. should (DIC), carbon) in and organic carbon cycle flux sea dissolved inorganic carbon land, Ra (total dissolved on used on total distributed Moore SGD of mainly desired higher. of is groundwater the carbon water, influence are reach cycle, surface they the carbon not the wells, area, global do the fixed Huanghai samplers of many and water biosphere are Bohai pore there the small Although In to owing zone. greatest studies coastal depths. The different cycling the ocean. at geochemical in depth. groundwater to of available meet land sampling may from wells understand to stratified path that few to unable the flow reactions is usually necessary and SGD chemical estuaries are is the the underground range There along of and it wide study components aquifers aquifers, the the these coastal in in of of in difficulty concentration metals components Because the these and in for Bohai carbon, estuaries. occur factors and nutrients, underground controlling Sea of major in Yellow concentration the the cycle the in biogeochemical in research of variation SGD study well in solved the made been been Strengthen not has have progress problems some great area, although Sea years, ten recent In 8 Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. o,LJ;L,HL;Zeg .. a . ag .. ag .. n u J,21.Seawater- 2016. WJ., Coastal Qu, of and Journal X.J., China. Bay, Wang, Laizhou C.Y.; of SI74-013. Coast / Wang, South 2112 Q.; the 10. in DOI: Ma, Flat 136-148. Tidal C.M.; 74, Silty Research, and Zheng, J.W., a analysis in Lane, H.L.; Exchange sensitivity and groundwater Li, 173-185. L.B., discharge: 18(1), L.J.; Liu, groundwater Journal, Hou, submarine Hydrogeology H.N.; USA. of Karam, Massachusetts, estuary. Bay, imaging C.F.; River Waquoit resistivity Harvey, in Zhujiang M.S., electrical application E.; the Gao, Marine Abarca, and in S.B., F.D.; application 2010. Diao, Day-Lewis, its X.Y.; and R.D.; 1108-1116. Jiang, 35, Henderson, processes H.M.; Limnology, mixing Jian, and Oceanology H.M.; water of Nan, assess Journal X.Q.; isotopes Chinese Li, Radium Z.G.; 947–957. Yu, 11(3), 2017. B.C.; Data, habitats Xu, Science water shallow X.Y.; System of Guo, Earth parameters with Environmental Sea. ocean 2019. Baltic world R., SW Karez, the the and G., into in Bock, discharge C.; chemical Lieberum, M.; estimating Franz, On 626-631 29(6), 2002. Resources, Water T.I, Baltic Safronova, groundwater. southern and the 131-142. 2017. R.G, of M.E., 189, sands Bottcher, Dzhamalov, Science, and surface Shelf A., coastal and Spitzy, on P.; Coastal discharge Escher, Estuarine, water O.; ground Sea. Dellwig, submarine F.; of Wenzhofer, B.; impact Liu, Biogeochemical 10.1029/2011JC007509. F.; Janssen, DOI: D.; groundwater C02012. re- Hawaiian Donis, two 117, electrical in Research-Oceans, multichannel interface water-seawater Geophysical Utilizing fresh Of the 2012. Journal of C.R., dynamics systems, the Glenn, examine and to H., methods Radium Dulaiova, sistivity P.W.; Brazil. 2016. Bay, Swarzenski, F., Paranagua N.T.; Sa, port, Dimova, and and largest E.C., 443-448. Brazil’s activity Machado, 111(1/2), near Brazil. L.M.; Radon Bulletin, distribution Sanders, Ra-228) Pollution Southern F.; and Marine in Carvalho, 2018. Ra-226 C.J.; Ra-224, barrier H., Sanders, (Ra-223, coastal J.; isotope Felipe, O.; a and de T.H.; of 10.1007/s12665-018-7711-0 L., Dias, DOI: regions Niencheski, 527. geological 77(14), G.; different Sciences, Eduardo, Earth in 913-919. Environmental 665, discharge Barboza; volcanic Environment, groundwater Total a M.; off the submarine tides Cacinele of green Science coastal R.; fueling tracers. the da sources isotopic 106(C6), in nitrogen nitrogen Tracing Research-Oceans, cycle and 2019. Geophysical radon carbon K.H., Of using Shin, the island and Journal Investigating G., Kim, 37(4), 234. H.M.; 2001. Bulletin, Cho, thorium J.N., Science tracer Marine Smith, natural and the Bay. using S.M., Laizhou 11553-11579. Maine the Pike, of of S.B.; coast Gulf Moran, south M.A.; the Charette, of study rates exchange case seawater-groundwater Chinese) Quantifying a (in 2018. 450-458. flat: L, mixing conservative Chen, tidal and and muddy 72-81. H.X., Sources in 36(3), Zhang, 2017. X.N.; Sinica, Y.H., Hu, Oceanologica Cai, Y.W.; Acta and Chang, H., Strait. Taiwan Cheng, the M.; 367-375. in Chen, 45, seepage N.; uranium of Science, Xing, of evaluation Y.N.; Shelf Field Liu, and P.H.,1997. R.R.; Estuarine,Coastal Cable, Cen, environment. and marine D.R., coastal Corbett, 109-116. the J.P.; Chanton, 46, in Research, C.; meters W Sea Burnett of discharge J.E.; Journal direct Cable, the zone. of coastal significance and the Measurement into 2001. groundwater Japan. J., city, of Oberdorfer, tradeoffs and obama M., the Taniguchi, in Evaluating W.C.; productivity Burnett, 2018. fishery 10.3390/w10111556 D., nearshore DOI: Tahara, and 1556. and snow-melting 10(11), R., Water, for Sugimoto, pumping M.; groundwater Taniguchi, between C.A.; Wada, K.M.; Burnett, 9 Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ntomjrCieeetais h er ie sur n h hnjagRvrEtay Eatuarine Estuary. River Changjiang the and Estuary discharge groundwater River submarine Pearl 17-28. through 203, the input Science, Nutrient Shelf estuaries: 2018. and S.M., Chinese Coastal Liu, major and of two Y., Journal Wu, in and Sea. J.Z.; Discharge Marginal Du, Groundwater Human-Affected J.A.; Submarine Highly Liu, of A Study China: Tracer-Based 8646-8660. Sea, River Ra 122(11), Bohai Minjiang Research-Oceans, 2017. the Geophysical the 93-101. into L.X., in 173, Fluxes Yi, Ra-226 Nutrient Science, and and Associated Shelf J.Z., O-18 and Du, 2016. Coastal J.A.; B., Estuarine Liu, 9. Zhang, implications. and Development, hydrological X.J., their Sustainable Yuan, and A.G.; for China Gao, estuary, Groundwater distribution Z.R.; Guo, isotopes Radium H.T.; Sea. Liu, 2019. Bohai X.Y, the Jiang, and in H.P. Wang, discharge DOI:10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100242. G.Q.; groundwater Xiao, submarine L.; Zhang, and N.; Dong, X.Y.; 128- Li, 41(5), application Sinica, system’s Oceanologica resistivity electrical Acta of discharge. research Chinese) groundwater The confined 137.(in 2019. submarine Y.F., coastal Zhang, in and simulation Q.W., effect Ma, review. X.J.; A Guo, discharges: N.; groundwater Li, submarine Oceanography, to 3053-3059. contribution 58(25), and tidal Bulletin, Limnology Quantifying Science 2013. estuaries. Chinese J.J., and Jiao, lakes and in H.L. Li, flux seepage Buoy- measuring for meters: device seepage 140-147. conventional A 22, to 1977. approach 299-308. D.R, alternative 16(5), Lee, Oceanography, An and on 2018. Limnology Dispersivity D.H., meter. Vertical Kim, seepage of and 10.3389/fmars.2019.00357. type J.H., Effect DOI: Lee, the 6,357. B.J.; of Science, Lee, Marine Assessment 162–172. in Theoretical Frontiers 196, Chemistry, Distribution. 2019. ground- Marine Radium Submarine Seawater I.T., isotopes. Coastal Webster, 2017. Ra P., and by Andersson, provided S. 26, and Bothnia, Lamontagne, Hydrology, C.M., of Morth, Gulf V.; hydrology. Forsmark, Rodellas, at coastal O.J.; discharge of and Garcia, water G.; phenomenon Earth Trezzi, neglected L.; Krall, A fluxes. silicate springs: global Submarine the for into 391-413. Implications (SGD) 1966. discharge F.A, groundwater isotopes: Kohout, Submarine Ra-226 156-166. 2005. and 237(1/2), Letters, S.T., Ra-228 Science Yun, by Planetary and revealed H.S., Yang, Sea J.W.; Yellow Ryu, and Limnology thermography USA. G.; Hawaii, infrared Kim, Harbor, aerial Pearl of to Integration 238-257. discharge 64(1), groundwater 2019. Oceanography, submarine P.G., Kim, and investigate Lucey, and to and Y.K., radon-222 C.R., Cho, situ Glenn, 1089-1100. in D.C.; H.; 33, Koh, data Dulai, Processes, K.; infrared J.L.; Hydrological Ha, thermal Kelly, heights. airborne S.H.; tidal using Kim, discharge different B.G.; groundwater two Kim, submarine at E.; of acquired estimation Lee, Quantitative Y.; 2019. Kim, G., D.J.; Kim, K.M.; Kang, Geophysics, Engineering Studies: And Discharge Environmental 2015. Groundwater of P.M, Journal Submarine 81–87. Ganguli, California. 20(1), of and and Washington, Support K.D., discharge Hawaii, in Kroeger, from groundwater Examples C.G.; Methods submarine 64(3), Smith, Resistivity Research, of C.M.; Electrical Sea Richardson, role Ground-truthing of P.W.; Journal The Swarzenski, Korea. C.D.; in 2010. Johnson, bay, farming H.T., shellfish Oh, a Bay, and Gamak 224-230. of W.C., budgets Lee, nutrient in G.; (SGD) Kim, D.W.; Hwang, 10 Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. lm,CP n a,CP,20.Ntin nust h osa ca hog umrn groundwater submarine through ocean coastal 64-86. the 295(1-4), Hydrology, to Of inputs Journal for Nutrient impact. meter potential 2004. seepage and 16-28. controls C.P., based 1, Van, Oceanography, dye-dilution discharge: and automated and Limnology C.P. An in discharge. Slomp, flow groundwater 2003. groundwater submarine M., and of Charette, measurement porewater 1-15. and time-series of 98, C., the forces Science, Herbold, Shelf driving and The E.; Estuarine,Coastal Sholkovitz, 2012. review. M., A Huettel, sediments: and coastal B.D., permeable Eyre, and R.; carbon I. Management, Santos, organic Environmental of dissolved 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109264 Journal metal, DOI: wetland. trace 109264. mangrove in drives temperate UNSP Advances exchange a 248, from Porewater estuary. export subterranean 2019. nitrogen a dissolved W., total on Glamore, forcing and tidal N.M. of Sadat, Seawater- Effect 2007. 2017. 851-865. D.A., Y., 30(4), Barry, Resources, Zhang, and wet- Water L., and of 185–197. Li, types X.J., 555, an C.; different Wang, Hydrology, Robinson, in of of C.Y.; discharge Journal evaluation Wang, groundwater Bay,China. and submarine C.M.; Jiaozhou by at Development Zheng, carried lands H.; nutrients and Huang, 2001. exchange H.L.; T.F., groundwater Li, Wong, 904-911. W.J.; and 39(6), Qu, Groundwater, D., meter. O’Rourke, seepage water 563. C.F.; ground 6, ultrasonic Science, Smith, and Marine B., in R.J.; Frontiers Schnetger, Discharge. Paulsen, R.; Groundwater Neuholz, Submarine C.; for Mori, Tracer J.; a 10.3389/fmars.2019.00563. Ahrens, as DOI: N.; DSi Moosdorf, 2019. S.; M., Rahman, Beck, other J.; to Tamborski, Comparison T.; discharge: Oehler, groundwater oceans. 159-169. submarine the 66(1-2), of Biogeochemistry, into modeling flux methods. Sea Hydrogeologic quantitative groundwater 2019. coastal 2003. K., shallow Takikawa, J.A, 10.1007/s12665-019-8258-4. fresh and Oberdorfer, DOI: the J., 252. enhances Shimada, 78(8), that K.; Sciences, force Ichiyanagi, Earth Lagoon driving H.; Environmental Yang, Coastal a 1417-1428. M.; Large 31(6), as Research, waves Ono, a Coastal surficial of T.; of Journal Aquifer Hosono, Surficial Brazil. Y.; of a Nikpeyman, Waters shelf, Surface of continental Adjacent Chemistry to US Relation 2015. its southeastern and H.L., the Barrier Windom, 10.1029/2007JC004199. on and DOI: of isotopes L.F.H., C10. Review radium Niencheskil, 112, Annual Research—Oceans, of The Geophysical flux of and ocean. Journal distribution the 2007. Seasonal on discharge W.S. groundwater Moore, submarine Nature, of 59-88. effect enrichments. 2, Science, Ra-226 The Marine by 2010. revealed W.S, waters 1015- coastal Moore, 42, to Coasts, inputs Biological and groundwater Versus Estuaries 612-614. Large Hydrological 380(6575), Lagoon. 1996. 2019. Coastal W.S, I.R., a Moore, Santos, in and Dynamics Dioxide J.R., of Carbon Webb, Estimation 1031. and P.; Nutrient 2015. Macklin, of Bay, X.W., M.; (Laizhou Drivers Jiang, Call, face and seepage D.T.; large-scale X.S., a Maher, Wang, with 265-275. L.; flat 23, tidal Wan, Journal, a C.Y.; Hydrogeology in Wang, study China). Harbor, case Tolo X.J.; Wang, in rate: exchange flux H.L.; seawater–groundwater discharge Li, groundwater Q.; submarine 1857-1873. Tracing Ma, 26(6), for Journal, 2018. Hydrogeology seas-implication H.K., oligotrophic (China). Cheng, Kong and and Hong J.J., semi-enclosed 139-152. Jiao, for 122(1), Y.; Research-Oceans, study Geophysical Liu, nutrient case associated of A and Journal discharge groundwater Sea: bloom. Submarine Yellow tide 2017. green Southern J.Z., the Du, and into X.L., fluxes Wang, N.; Su, J.A.; Liu, 11 Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. u .. i,P;Wn,SSJ;Se,CJ,adL,L,21.Eet fmlicnttettdso a on tides multi-constituent of Effects 2019. L., time. Li, exchange and water C.J., 53–67. Bay 124, Jiaozhou Shen, Resources, Water S.S.J.; 2014. in Wang, Advances J.Y., estuary. P.; Sun, subterranean Xin, And X.Y.; Y. Yu, Chen, Chinese) 373-380.(in H.Z.; 32(3), Xu, Science, Geochemistry, Environmental and Z.Q.; Applied Marine X.Y., Miao, China. Jiang, D.F.; estuary, Scheme ; Yang, Regulation River M.S. Water-Sediment Yellow the Gao, the of L.J.; in impact Zhang, discharge 79-85. the 51, groundwater H.J.; River indicate Yellow Wang, Rn-220 submarine and the N.T.; on Rn-222 Dimova, in (WSRS) Natural W.C.; Hydrodynamics 2014. 19–28. Burnett, Z.G., 2013. 66, D.; Yu, Research, T.Z., -014. Xia, Shelf Mi, SI74 Continental B.C.; and / perspectives. Xu, 2112 S.B., the Ecological Diao, 10. with isotopes: DOI: N.; (China) radium Dimova, 149-156. Bay Shi, via 74, and W.; Laizhou Estuary Research, X.H., Eastern Burnett, Wen, Coastal the B.C.; L.J.; of Yu, into Xu, Journal X.L.; Seeping Data. Gao, Groundwater Hydro- P.; Thermal Salinity Teatini, Landsat of Low L.; Variations of Zaggia, of Aid the M.J.; Detection 2016. of Lou, P., L.; Influence 2016. Yao, Tosi, P., the F.; and Under Braga, X.Y., 333-343. Estuary Q.G.; 39(2), Jiang, Xing, River Coasts, Yellow T.Z.; and the Mi, Estuaries case in M.S.; Scheme. A Discharge Regulation Gao, Water-Sediment Groundwater lagoons: B.C.; Submarine tropical Xu, 4366-4382. and typical 17(11), Z.G.; dynamics Geosystems, into Yu, Geophysics discharge D.; Geochemistry groundwater Xia, China. Submarine Island, discharge Hainan 2016. groundwater eastern J.Z., Submarine in study Du, Hydro- 2019. And methods. X.L. M., measurement Wang, Schubert, Rn-222-in-water 1879-1887. on-site and (5), Jiang, continuous W.J., two 27, X.S.; Qu, Journal, of Wang, geology comparison Y.; comparable L.; Bay Rn-222: Zhang, Wan, 10.1038/srep08814. by Laizhou C.Y.; H.L.; DOI: revealed into Wang, Li, 8814. discharge X.; 5, groundwater X.J.; Reports, fresh Luo, Wang, Scientific Submarine L.; flux. 2015. Li, River Yellow W.J., D.A.; the Qu, 37(3), Barry, Techniques, to of and J.J.; Nuclear characteristics Q., Jiao, Distribution Ma, area. H.L.; X.W.; Bay 2014. Li, Jiaozhou J., of X.J.; Liu, water Wang, and the Z.Y., in Ma, factors B.; Chinese) influence Liu, 030206-1-030206-9.(in their Zhang, R.; and X.J.; Peterson, Yuan, isotopes W.C.; radium Z.R.; Bohai doi:10.1029/2007JC004498. Burnett, the Guo, C06025, to ; B.; 113, Delta K. Wang, River Research-oceans, Yellow Miyaoka, Geophysical the of from S.I.; 35-53. discharge Journal groundwater Onodera, 66(1/2), China. Submarine Biogeochemistry, ; Sea, 2008. Mexico. J.Y. Y., of Fukushima, various Chen, Gulf and from T.; G.Q., Northeastern obtained J.L., the Ishitobi, rates Christoff, in M.; discharge site and Taniguchi, groundwater a S.L., at submarine Krupa, meters of D.; seepage distributions O’Rourke, of temporal R.J.; types Paulsen, and C.F.; Spatial Smith, Oceanography, 2003. W.C.; and water Burnett, Limnology lagoon-sea M.; of Taniguchi, beach. variability barrier Temporal Mediterranean J.K.; 2019. Cochran, a A., C.; 2059-2080. through Beck, Heilbrun, 64(5), circulation T.; and seawater Stieglitz, S., and E.; Bejannin, exchange Bergsma, P.; C.; Anschutz, Monnin, 496-515. C.; V.; 238, Charbonnier, Rodellas, Acta, B.P.; Cosmochimica Mediterranean 2018. Van, B.P., et the J.; Van, to Geochimica Tamborski, and fluxes C., isotopes. silica Claude, radium dissolved A.; using terrestrially-driven Andrisoa, traced and V.; Sea circulation M.; Rodellas, Pujo-Pay, water T.; P.; between Anschutz, Stieglitz, comparison C.; C.; A Monnin, Charbonnier, tracers O.; M.; 69-84. natural Crispi, Souhaut, (1/2), as P.; J.; 104 Conan, isotopes Garcia-Orellana, Chemistry, Rn S.; Marine and Bejannin, Florida. J.; Ra Bay, Tamborski, Tampa 2007. in M., discharge Baskaran, groundwater and submarine K.D., of Kroeger C.; Reich, P.W.; Swarzenski, 12 Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue3. Figure 2. Figure Province 1. Figure Legends Figure Estuary River Yellow Estuary River Yellow Rivermouth Changjiang Sea Bohai of coast the Sea Bohai whole the al. et River Yang River Licun City Changyi City Changyi Town Qingxiang Village Area Haimiao Village Xinzhuang Region of Evaluation tracer 2019. Rn-222 JY., the Chen, using scale and 25-35. island T., 209, small Chemistry, Table. Ohta, a Marine G.Z.; in modeling. Jin, discharge comparative groundwater Y.; and submarine Shimizu, method of S.; distribution Onodera, spatial the M.; eastern 103-113. in and 533, Saito, Hydrology, X.W, fluxes A.P.; nutrient Jiang, of Zhu, X.S.; associated Journal Wang, and Rn-222. L.; discharge Wan, using groundwater K.; China submarine Xiao, Bay, in of C.Y.; Laizhou Wang, Estimation pulses C.M.; &ITZostera 2016. nutrient Zheng, H.M., X.J.; meadows, simulated .Guo, Wang, 376-387. during Eelgrass H.L.; 124(1), Li, removal Bulletin, Y.; nitrogen 2017. Pollution Zhang, of Marine B.J., USA. service Peterson, York, ecosystem New and Bay, the B.T., Shinnecock facilitate Furman, Edition, Ground- (L.), T.J.; Science Submarine marina&IT Earth Hoellein, Estimating University. C.B.; 2016. Jilin J., of Zarnoch, Liu Journal and Chinese) ˜(226)Ra. Z.Y., (in Using Ma, Bay 1490-1500. B.; Jiaozhou 46(5), the Zhang, into L.; Discharge Huang, water Z.R.; Guo, X.J.; Yuan, h ersnaiesuiso G nHaga n Bohai and Huanghai in SGD on studies representative The h oe fmna eclto instrument percolation manual of model The discharge groundwater submarine of diagram Schematic h rao unhiadBhi hc ossso ioig ini,Sadn n Jiangsu and Shandong Tianjin, Liaoning, of consists which Bohai, and Huanghai of area The oa 6.1–9.0 1.3*10 (5.48 2.84 6.3*10 1.62*10 Bohai Bohai Sea Yellow Southern Bay Bohai Bay Bohai Bay Jiaozhou Bay Jiaozhou Bay Laizhou of coast southern Bay Laizhou of coast southern Bay Laizhou of coast southern Bay Laizhou of coast northwestern Bay Laizhou of coast eastern 74 .1CagYawen Chang Hou Lijia Ma Qian 2.71 6.5 17.46 8.8 164 15.3 (m outflow SGD 2 · day -1 ) 13 04Zhang 80.4 (m inflow SGD 2 · day -1 ) (m flux SGD (3.56 6.93*10 3 × · ± ± day 10 9 6 2.38)*10 3.56)*10 × 7 6 7 10 -1 Referance ) 8 9 8 a Zhang Yan ii Yi Lixin Hanxiong ohoXu Bochao Xiaojie Yuan Zhang Yan a Zhan Yan Liu Jianan Liu Jianan Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 14 Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 15 Posted on Authorea 28 Aug 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159863207.75068451 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 16