Pre-mid Year Review Please Don't write on the review packet

1. Base your answer to the following question on the 5. The data table below shows the mass and volume of diagrams below, which represent two different solid, three samples of the same mineral. [The density column uniform materials cut into cubes A and B. is provided for student use.]

Which graph best represents the relationship between the density and the volume of these mineral samples? A)

What is the mass of cube B? A) 9 g B) 27 g C) 3 g D) 81 g 2. The sphere was dropped into water in a graduated cylinder as shown below. B)

C)

What is the volume of the sphere? A) 15 mL B) 25 mL C) 40 mL D) 65 mL D) 3. A centimeter is 0.01 meter. This measurement can also be expressed as A) 1 × 10–1 m B) 1 × 10–2 m C) 1 × 100 m D) 1 × 102 m 4. The diameter through the equator of Jupiter is about 143,000 kilometers. What is this distance written in 6. As air on the surface of Earth warms, the density of the scientific notation (powers of 10)? air 2 3 A) 143 × 10 km B) 1.43 × 10 km A) decreases B) increases 5 5 C) 1.43 × 10 km D) 143 × 10 km C) remains the same

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7. The diagrams below represent two solid objects A and B. 11. During a rainstorm, when soil becomes saturated, the with different densities. amount of infiltration A) decreases and runoff decreases B) decreases and runoff increases C) increases and runoff decreases D) increases and runoff increases

What will happen when the objects are placed in a container of water (water temperature = 4°C)? A) Both objects will sink. B) Both objects will float. C) Object A will float and object B will sink. D) Object B will float and object A will sink. 8. A 25-gram sample of halite was placed in a jar with five other mineral samples and water. The jar was shaken vigorously for 5 minutes. The halite sample was then found to have a mass of 15 grams. What was the rate of weathering of the halite sample? A) 0.50 g/min B) 2.0 g/min C) 3.0 g/min D) 10. g/min 9. The graph below shows the discharge measured at a point in a stream during a period of one year.

The greatest change in stream flow occurs between A) January 1 and March 1 B) March 1 and May 1 C) May 1 and July 1 D) October 1 and December 1 10. Which processes are most likely to cause a rise in the water table? A) runoff and erosion B) precipitation and infiltration C) deposition and burial D) solidification and condensation

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12. The diagram below shows columns A, B, C, and D that contain different sediments.

Equal volumes of water were poured through each column. Which column of sediment retained the most water? A) A B) B C) C D) D 13. Compared to an area of Earth's surface with gentle 16. During a heavy rainstorm, soil samples A and B both slopes, an area with steeper slopes most likely has became saturated with water. However, 10 minutes after the storm ended, the soils appeared as shown A) less infiltration and more runoff below. B) less infiltration and less runoff C) more infiltration and more runoff D) more infiltration and less runoff 14. Which sediment size would allow water to flow through at the fastest rate? A) clay B) silt C) sand D) pebbles Which statement best explains the observed change in 15. Which surface soil type has the slowest permeability the water content of the soil samples? rate and is most likely to produce flooding? A) The permeability of B is greater than the A) pebbles B) sand permeability of A. C) silt D) clay B) The porosity of B is greater than the porosity of A. C) The capillarity of B is greater than the capillarity of A. D) The surface runoff at B is greater than the surface runoff at A. 17. Sand sediments are usually more permeable than silt sediments because sand grains are A) larger B) smoother C) rounder D) more soluble

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18. Base your answer to the following question on the 20. A rock with a high porosity will probably diagram below, which represents samples of soil and A) be resistant to weathering bedrock at Earth's surface. The arrows represent possible infiltration of rainwater. B) be composed of large grains C) have a large percentage of space between particles D) have a small percentage of rounded particles

Which sample probably has the greatest porosity? A) pebble soil B) pebble-and-sand soil C) conglomerate bedrock D) granite bedrock 19. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below, which represent cross sections of four samples of loosely packed, uniformly sorted soil particles. The diameter of the particles is given below each diagram. All soil samples consist of solid spherical particles.

If equal amounts of 0.2-centimeter soil particles are mixed into each sample, which sample's porosity will not be affected? A) A B) B C) C D) D

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21. Which graph shows the general relationship between soil particle size and the capillarity of the soil? A) B)

C) D)

22. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below, which represent 500-milliliter containers that are open at the top and the bottom and filled with well-sorted, loosely packed particles of uniform size. A piece of screening placed at the bottom of each container prevents the particles from falling out.

The sample in which container would have the greatest capillarity when placed in water? A) A B) B C) C D) D 23. Which graph best represents the relationship between the particle size and the capillarity of a sample of soil? A) B)

C) D)

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24. Photographs A and B below show two different valleys.

Which list best identifies the agent of erosion that primarily determined the shape of each valley? A) photograph A—glacier; photograph B—river B) photograph A—river; photograph B—glacier C) both photographs—river D) both photographs—glacier 25. The table below shows the relationship between total yearly precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (EP) for different types of climates.

The total yearly precipitation (P) for a city in Texas is 218 millimeters. The total yearly potential evapotranspiration (EP) is 951 millimeters. Which type of climate does this city have? A) humid B) subhumid C) semiarid D) arid

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26. Base your answer to the following question on the water budget data and climate classification below. Table 1 shows water budget data for a location in New Jersey, and table 2 describes climate types. All data are expressed in millimeters of water.

According to the information provided in table 2, the area represented by the water budget data would have a climate classified as A) humid B) subhumid C) semiarid D) arid 27. What change will a pebble usually undergo when it is transported a great distance by streams? A) It will become jagged and its mass will decrease. B) It will become jagged and its volume will increase. C) It will become rounded and its mass will increase. D) It will become rounded and its volume will decrease.

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28. The block diagram below represents a stream flowing 30. The diagram below shows a section of a meander in a from a mountain region. stream. The arrows show the direction of stream flow.

The streambank on the outside of this meander is A brief, heavy rainstorm occurs in the mountains. How steeper than the streambank on the inside of this will the volume of water and the rate of erosion in the meander because the water on the outside of this stream change shortly after the rainstorm? meander is moving A) The volume of water will decrease and the rate of A) slower, causing deposition erosion will increase. B) faster, causing deposition B) The volume of water will increase and the rate of C) slower, causing erosion erosion will decrease. D) faster, causing erosion C) Both the volume of water and the rate of erosion will decrease. 31. The map below shows the area surrounding a meandering stream. D) Both the volume of water and the rate of erosion will increase. 29. A river’s current carries sediments into the ocean. Which sediment size will most likely be deposited in deeper water farthest from the shore? A) pebble B) sand C) silt D) clay

At which point is erosion greatest? A) A B) B C) C D) D

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Base your answers to questions 32 and 33 on the diagram below, which represents the landscape features associated with a meandering river. Letters W, X, Y, and Z represent locations on the floodplain.

32. During transport by this river, a sediment particle will most likely become A) more rounded B) more dense C) heavier D) larger 33. The choices below represent stages in the formation of a meandering river. Which sequence best represents the usual changes over time? A)

B)

C)

D)

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34. The map below represents a meandering stream flowing into a lake. A student measured water depths in the stream at three locations: A–A', B–B', and C–C'.

Which set of cross sections best represents the stream bed at the three locations? A)

B)

C)

D)

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35. The map below represents a large stream meander (bend). The arrows show the direction of stream flow. Stream velocity was measured at surface locations A, B, and C.

Which graph best represents the relative velocities of the stream at locations A, B. and C? A) B)

C) D)

36. Which profile best shows the general depositional pattern that occurs when water from a stream enters the ocean? A) B)

C) D)

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37. The diagram below shows three beds of sediment 41. Four samples of aluminum, A, B, C, and D, have deposited at different times in a quiet body of water. identical volumes and densities, but different shapes. Each piece is dropped into a long tube filled with water. The time each sample takes to settle to the bottom of the tube is shown in the table below.

The sediment deposited in each bed is best described as A) sorted mainly according to particle size Which diagram most likely represents the shape of B) sorted mainly according to particle shape sample A? C) a mixture of sorted and unsorted particles A) D) showing no evidence of sorting 38. Which rock particles will remain suspended in water for the longest time? B) A) pebbles B) sand C) silt D) clay 39. Each of the rock particles below has the same density C) and volume. Which particle will most likely settle at the fastest rate in moving water? D) A) B)

42. The graph below shows the relationship between C) D) particle shape and settling rate.

40. Four quartz samples of equal size and shape were placed in a stream. Which of the four quartz samples below has most likely been transported farthest in the stream? A) B) Which statement best describes the relationship shown? A) Flatter particles settle more slowly than C) D) rounder particles. B) Flatter particles settle faster than rounder particles. C) All particles settle at the same speed. D) Particle shape does not affect settling rate.

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43. When small particles settle through water faster than 49. Which New York State landscape region is composed large particles, the small particles are probably of mostly horizontal sedimentary bedrock and has a high elevation? A) lighter B) flatter C) better sorted D) more dense A) Hudson Highlands B) Manhattan Prong 44. Which graph shows the relationship between the C) the Catskills D) Taconic Mountains density of particles and their settling time in still 50. Which New York State landscape region is mostly water?[Assume that the particles have the same size composed of horizontal sedimentary bedrock at high and shape.] elevations? A) B) A) Hudson Highlands B) Allegheny Plateau C) Taconic Mountains D) Atlantic Coastal Plain 51. Which two cities are located in the Interior Lowlands? C) D) A) Elmira and Binghamton B) Riverhead and New York City C) Massena and Old Forge D) Buffalo and Watertown 52. New York State's generalized landscape regions are identified primarily on the basis of elevation and 45. Compared to a low-density spherical particle, a high-density spherical particle of the same size will A) bedrock structure B) climate zones sink through water C) geologic age D) latitude A) more slowly B) more rapidly 53. Which two locations are found in the same New York C) at the same rate State landscape region? 46. Sediment is deposited in a river delta because the A) Old Forge and Utica A) velocity of the river decreases B) Niagara Falls and Watertown B) force of gravity decreases C) Kingston and Rochester C) volume of the river increases D) Plattsburgh and Ithaca D) gradient of the river increases 54. Which rock type is found as surface bedrock in the Finger Lakes region of New York State? 47. What is the approximate minimum stream velocity needed to keep a 6.4-cm-diameter particle in motion? A) igneous A) 10 cm/s B) 50 cm/s B) sedimentary C) 100 cm/s D) 200 cm/s C) contact metamorphic D) regional metamorphic 48. What is the approximate minimum stream velocity needed to keep a particle in motion that has a diameter 55. The Erie-Ontario Lowlands of New York State are a of 10 centimeters? part of which larger landscape region? A) 110 cm/s B) 190 cm/s A) Interior Lowlands C) 325 cm/s D) 425 cm/s B) St. Lawrence Lowlands C) Allegheny Plateau D) Appalachian Plateau

Page 13 Earth Science[S-D Review[12/19/2014]]- Eduware Classification Total Questions: 55

1.PROLOGUE (9) 1.B.Simple Measurements (7) 1.B.i.Measurements (4) 1.B.i.a.Dimensional Quantities/Scientific Notation (4) 1.B.ii.Density (3) 1.B.ii.a.Qualitative Answers (3) 1.C.Nature of Change (2) 1.C.i.Rate of Change (2) 6.GROUND WATER (17) 6.A.Earth's Water (15) 6.A.i.Ground Water (14) 6.A.i.a.Infiltration (5) 6.A.i.b.Permeability (3) 6.A.i.c.Porosity (3) 6.A.i.d.Capillary (3) 6.A.ii.Surface Water Runoff (1) 6.B.The Local Water Budget (2) 6.B.ii.Climates and Local Water Budget (2) 7.THE EROSIONAL PROCESS (9) 7.B.Erosion (9) 7.B.i.Evidence of Erosion (2) 7.B.i.b.Properties of Transported Materials (2) 7.B.ii.Factors affecting Transportation (7) 7.B.ii.b.Water Erosion/Stream Channel Shape (7) 8.THE DEPOSITIONAL PROCESS (20) 8.A.Deposition (13) 8.A.i.Size (3) 8.A.ii.Shape (4) 8.A.iii.Density (3) 8.A.iv.Velocity (3) 8.C.Landscape Characteristics (7) 8.C.iii.Landscape Regions of New York State (7) Answer Key S-D Review

1. D 37. A 2. B 38. D 3. B 39. D 4. C 40. D 5. D 41. B 6. A 42. A 7. C 43. D 8. B 44. C 9. B 45. B 10. B 46. A 11. B 47. D 12. D 48. B 13. A 49. C 14. D 50. B 15. D 51. D 16. A 52. A 17. A 53. B 18. A 54. B 19. D 55. A 20. C 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. A 35. C 36. D

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