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Physicochemical Study of Delphinium Denudatum Wall (Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae) and Their Antioxidant Activity

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Physicochemical Study of Delphinium Denudatum Wall (Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae) and Their Antioxidant Activity Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences, 2019, Vol. 6, No. 12, p. 161-169. ISSN 2358-2731 https://doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061215 Physicochemical study of Delphinium denudatum Wall (Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae) and their antioxidant activity Anil Kumar Gupta¹,*, Mahfoozurrahman Khan² and Danish Khan¹ ¹Deptartment of Biotechnology. University of Mangalayatan. Campus Beswan. Aligarh-202145. India. *Email: [email protected]. ²Department of Applied Chemistry. Faculty of Engineering & Technology. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India. Abstract. The drug jadwar known as Delphinium denudatum Wall (Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae), the jadwar consist of dried Received tuberous roots of D. denudatum. An annual glabrous or slightly January 1, 2019 downy herbs found is Western Himalayas from Kumaon to Kashmir at altitudes of 3,000 m to 4,500 m specially on grassy Accepted April 1, 2019 slopes. It is distinguished by its relatively small blue and violet color and it is one of the important drugs used as indigenous Released medicine in India, especially in where isolated from the April 30, 2019 petroleum ether-soluble fraction of roots of D. denudatum. Jadwar widely used in traditional unani system of medicine for Full Text Article the treatment of a variety of human ailments including epilepsy. In order to increase the bioavailability, the nanophytosome of the D. denudatum root aqueous fraction (DNP) was prepared, characterized and evaluation. The phospholipids complex of the obtain aqueous fraction (AF) was prepared with phospholipon 90H. The size of nanophytosome was determined by dynamic light scattering. HPTLC fingerprinting of the AF was also performed. Keywords: Delphinium denudatum -sitosterol; Physicochemical properties; Antioxidant activity; Delphinium denudatum uses and applications; DPPH. ; β 0000-0003-1876-4140 Anil Kumar Gupta 0000-0003-2527-7850 Mahfoozurrahman Khan 0000-0003-0120-5094 Danish Khan Introduction means the great purifier or antidote. It is externally covered by suberized The generic name Delphinium of metaderm, the metaderm comprises jadwar is derived from a Greek word, brown tubular cells having zoned what which means dolphin. The word jadwar irregrated arrangement. Delphinium is Arabic from of Persian zadwar, which denudatum Wall (Ranunculales: ISSN 2358-2731/BJBS-2019-0001/2019/6/12/15/161 Braz. J. Biol. Sci. http://revista.rebibio.net 162 Gupta et al. Ranunculaceae) is used in ayurveda and root and determination of the structure- unani, to treat cough, cold, non healing function relationship. Also, the potent wounds effect. It is called as nirvisha in curative effect of D. denudatum root ayurveda. D. denudatum is also useful extract against human ailments needs to skin disorder, leucoderma etc. be verified by controlled clinical studies. D. denudatum (Figure 1) are It has been mentioned to be redating, extensively found in the Western brain, and nerviness tonic. D. peregrium, Himalayas Kashmir at altitudes of 8,000 D. staphisagria and D. triste are to 12,000 feet. Jadwar roots of D. medicinally in Europen of which 15 denudatum wall is an important central species occur in India. It is used in nervous system active drug of unani treating asthma and respiratory system of medicine. disorders, useful in poisoning, antitoxic, The mechanism of gout, improves digestion strength, pharmacological action of D. denudatum inflammation useful again snake bite, It roots can greatly be aided by the has anti-convulsant activity. isolation of its active principle from the Figure 1. Delphinium denudatum Wall plants. -Sitosterol is one of several are susceptible to oxidation and are phytosterols (plant sterols) with characteristic by anti-carcinogenic and chemicalβ structure similar to that of anti-atherogenic properties (Yoshida and cholesterol. Sitosterol are white, waxy Niki, 2003). It is one of the important powder with a characteristic order drugs used as indigenous medicine in (Kamboj and Saluja, 2011). Theare India, especially in unani. hydrophobic and - Sitosterol a main dietary phytosterols Tamil: nirbasi found in plant, maysoluble have the in potentialalcohols, forβ Hindi: jadwar, judwar, nirbisi, prevention and therapy for human nirvisi cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols Marathi: nirvisha found in food such as oils, nuts, and vegetable, phytosterols in same way as -sitosterol is unknown it may be cholesterol, contain a double bond and related to cholesterol metabolism or β Braz. J. Biol. Sci., 2019, Vol. 6, No. 12, p. 161-169. Physicochemical study of Delphinium denudatum 163 anti-inflammatory effect. The present Morphology study was attempted to evaluate the D. denudatum (Figure 2) (root), antioxidant activity of the isolation dark brownish black in color, 3 cm to 6.5 compound from D. denudatum and to cm long and 1 cm to 2 cm wide at the compare their antioxidant efficacy crown in length, conical shape, very hard, through DPPH method. externally covered by a suberised metaderm, and bears numerous small Medicinal uses circular scars. Outer region consisting of It is one of the important drugs single layer of irregularly arranged used as indigenous medicine in India, brown tabular cell with subcrised walls; especially in Unani medicine. The roots cortex consisting of narrow zone of about of the plant are reported to be useful in a 5 to 10 layer thin walled, polygonal to variety of ailments such as aconite rectangular parenchymatous cells. poisoning, brain diseases, fungal Flowers are about 2.5 cm, with the upper infection, piles and toothache as outer petals about 1.2 cm and a spur 1.4- analgesic and astringent (Rawat and 1.5 cm. Upper inner petals are white, the Jalal, 2011). Number of studies have been others blue. Leaves are 5-15 cm across, done on its phytochemical and rounded in outline, cut into 3-5 broadly pharmacological properties. Its use in obviate segments, segments pinnately opium addiction is mentioned in some cut into oblong lobes or teeth 2-3 mm classical literature, which has been wide. verified and validated in morphine induced physical dependent de-addiction studies. Figure 2. Rhizome (root) of Delphinium denudatum (Tamil-Nirbasi) and powder form. Physicochemical properties study included the determination of Physicochemical analysis is a extraction values of the test drugs in method of investigating physicochemical different solvents alcohol and water system that make possible a soluble contents, ash values, loss of determination of the nature of the weight on drying, bulk density, pH interaction between the component of a values. Analytical data of various system through study of the relations physicochemical parameters indicates between the system physical properties that some parameters like pH, electrical and composition, the physicochemical conductivity, total dissolved solids , total Braz. J. Biol. Sci., 2019, Vol. 6, No. 12, p. 161-169. 164 Gupta et al. suspended solids, turbidity and sodium The percentage of acid insoluble are found to be in excess than the ash was calculated with reference to air prescribed limit in some water samples dried drug taken. The acid insoluble ash of the study areas. content is the proportion of sample that is not hydrolyzed by 72% sulphuric acid Ash values and is not subsequently volatilized upon 2.0056 g of drug was incinerated incineration of acid insoluble residue. in a silica crucible of constant weight at a temperature not exceeding 450 °C in a Extractive values muffle furnace until free from carbon The extraction values of the drug fume after release the carbon fume in different solvent chloroform, ethyl cooled and weight of crucible from acetate, alcohol and distilled water were weight of crucible + ash. determined by soxhlet method using a soxhlet apparatus. The heat was applied Water soluble ash for six hours for each solvent on a The obtain Ash was boiled with heating montle. The extracts were filter 25 mL distilled water for 3 min to 5 min. and after evaporation of the solvent; the The insoluble matter was collected in an extractive values were determine with ash less filter paper (Whatman no. 42), reference to the weight of drug. The washed with hot water and ignited in procedure was repeated 3 times and the crucible, at temperature not more than mean value for each extract was 450 °C. calculated. The weight of insoluble Ash was subtracted from the weight of the total Loss on drying Ash, giving the weight of water soluble 1 g of drug was taken, spread Ash. The percentage of water soluble Ash uniformly and thin layered in a shallow was calculated with reference to the air petridis. It was heated at a regulated dried drug taken. temperature of 105 °C, cooled in desiccators and weighed. The process Alcohol soluble ash was repeated many times till two The obtain ash was boiled with consecutive weights were found 25 mL Alcohol for 3 min to 5 min. The constant. The percentage of loss in insoluble matter was collected in an ash weight was calculated with respect to less filter paper (Whatman no. 42), initial weight. washed with alcohol and ignited in crucible, at temperature not more than pH values 450 °C. Determination of pH was carried The weight of insoluble ash was out by a Eutech digital pHmeter (Model of alcohol soluble ash was calculated no. 700), equipped with a combined with reference to the air dried drug electrode. The instrument was taken. Subtracted from the weight of the standardized by using buffer solution of total ash, giving the weight of alcohol 4.0, 7.0 and 10 to assertion the accuracy soluble ash. of the instrument prior to the experiment the pH values of 1% and 10% aqueous Acid insoluble ash solution of powder drug solution was The total ash was boiled with measured. 25 mL of 3M HCL solution of 10% for 5 min. The insoluble matter was collected Moisture content on Ash less filter paper (Whatman no. Karl Fischer (KF) titration is a 42), washed with Acid and ignited in technique for the determination of crucible at a temperature not exceeding moisture content.
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