ExtensionCircular 1250 June 1987 CONCLUSION Hay, which often makes up a good quality hay is a better buy Thend considerable portion of a horse's because, although it may bemore f'DO diet, can vary greatly in quality. As expensive initially, you willuse less a horse owner, you should consider to satisfy your horse's needs, with the quality of the hay you buy less waste. WorKbooK before you consider the price. A REFERENCES orders up to $2.50. For orders Rohweder, Dwayne A., and John Baylor, between $2.50 and $100, add 15 "New Forage Analyses Offer New Acquiring and Using percent shipping and handling. For Horizons for Hay GradingMarketing, DATE. orders of $100 or more, please call Evaluating Forages," Forage and Grass- land Progress, Vol. XX, Winter,pp. 2-4. C (503) 754-2513 for a price quote. Smith, Dale, Forage Management in the aPortable Sawmill Publications North, 4th Ed. (Dubuque, IA: Dendall/ Hannaway, David B., and H. P. Adams, OFT.D. Brown and N.E. Elwood Oregon State University Extension Alfalfa Hay Quality and Testing, Pacific Hunt Publishing Company, 1981). Service publications and Pacific Northwest Extension publication PNW Vough, L. R., H. P. Adams, and H. W. 223 (Corvallis, Oregon State University, Youngberg, Feeding Grass Straw to Northwest Extension publications 1982). Cattle and Horses, Oregon State Univer- are available from Agricultural sity Fact Sheet 234 (Corvallis, 1976). Many woodland owners, and others who have ready National Research Council, Nutrient Re- Contents access to timber, are intrigued by the idea of sawing Communications, Publications quirementsofHorses (Washington, DC: OUT Orders, Oregon State University, What is a portable sawmill? 1 lumber for their own use or for sale. There are times National Academy Press, i978). Other Sources Why own or lease a mill? when it's advantageous to use or buy a portable mill for Corvallis, OR 97331-2119. Please Rohweder, Dwayne A., and Raymond Techni-Serv, Inc., P.O. Box 238, Culver, Lumbergrades........................................................ thisIS purpose. At other times, it's far better to sell the add 254 shipping and handling for Antoniewicz, Alfalfa, The High Quality OR 97734. Cutting patterns and yields ......................................... Hay for Horses (Woodland, CA: Certi- logs and buy lumber. Milllocation .......................................................... This publication discusses the types of mills fied Alfalfa Seed Council, 1984). 8 Overview of mill types ............................................... available, operation and maintenance, and the econom- Circular sawmill with moving carriage ........................... Advantages and disadvantages ...............................9 ics involved in deciding whether to purchase one. 4 Cutting the lumber .............................................. Circular sawmill with stationary log and moving saw ......... What is a portable sawmill? Advantages and disadvantages .............................. information: Cutting the lumber .............................................. 11 A portable sawmill is any sawing device that you can Horizontal band sawmill with stationary log move without a great deal of difficulty from onesite to andmovingsaw.............................................12 another and that you use to convert logs into lumber. Advantages and disadvantages .............................. There are quite a few different types of mills (hereafter, Cutting the lumber ............................................. we'll refer to a portable sawmill as just a mill). Safety considerations ..............................................13 These types include: chain sawmills, circular mills General sawmill maintenance ................................13 114 with moving log carriages, circular mills with moving Economic considerations in acquiring a portable sawmill saw and stationary log, band mills with moving Buyinga mill .....................................................current14 Operating cost PUBLICATIONand repair .....................................14 carriages, and band mills with moving saws. Other considerations ...........................................14 Such mills may use diesel fuel, gasoline, or Leasinga mill ....................................................15 electricity. Most can be run by one operator. Making the final decision ......................................15 Example 1: Commercial cutting your own logs I'I Why own or lease a mill? and selling the lumbermost ....................................... 15 Selling price ..................................................... 15 There are several reasons why a woodland owner THISFixedcost ....................................................... might be interested in buying or leasing a mill. The Oregon State University Extension Service provides education and informationbased on timely research to help Oregonians solve problems and Earnings forgone .............................................. develop skills related to youth, family, community, farm, forest,energy, and marine resources. Operating cost .................................................. 16 1. You want to produce lumber for your personal use. Profit multiplierFor ............................................... 16 Consider carefully the volume and grades you need Extension's agriculture program provides education, training, and technical assistanceto people with agriculturally related needs and interests. Major Calculating selling price ...................................... 16 and whether you can use the lumber in a rough green program emphases include food and fiber production, business management, marketing and processing, and resource use and conservation. Example 2: Custom cutting someone else's logs .............. state. If you need only a small amount of lumber, an Cuttingprice ....................................................http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Extension Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 0. E. Smith, director.This publication was produced and distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June30, 1914.Extension work is a cooperative program of Oregon State University, the U. S. Summary............................................................ and Oregon counties Department of Agriculture, For further reading ................................................ 17 Terence D. Brown, Extension forest products specialist, and Appendix: Legal requirements for preventing Norman E. Elwood, Extension forest management specialist, Oregon State University Extension Service offers educational Oregon State University. programs, activities, and materials without regard to race, color, national origin,sex, or and controlling forest fires ................................ 18 disability as required by Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,Title IX of the Education Amendments of1972,and Section504of the Rehabilitation Act of1973Oregon State University Extension Service is an Equal Opportunity Employer. Oregon State University Extension Service DATE. Figure 1 .Vertical-grainedOF lumber with the typical spiked knot produced in this type of cutting OUT It's important to note that when you cut dimension Think of a log as a tapered cylinder with a large-diameter end and a small-diameter end. The alternative is to cooperate with others who also want Softwood logs of this type most often produce lumber from softwoods, producing VG lumber is not desirable. As you can see in figure 1, if VG lumber has small-diameter end dictates the maximum size of to produce lumber for their own useoften, this is andimension or framing lumber for housing, the most full-length lumber that you can cut from the log. effective solution, especially if several peopleIS share common sizes being 2 x 4's to 2 x 12's. The most knots, they're likely to be spike-shaped knots, running the cost of buying the mill. across the width of the piece. If you expect to cut logs that have a significant desirable grades are "2 & Better" and "Standard & amount of clear wood, you'll want a mill that will"full 2 You want to do custom cutting for customers who Better." The presence of spike knots in dimension lumber greatly weakens the piece. Don't use lumber with spike taper saw" the logs. "Full taper sawing" of logs means have their own logs. Softwood lumber is produced in even-foot increments, that the first few cuts along the outside of the log are 3 You want to sell the lumber commercially. usually from a minimum of 8 feet up to 24 feet, or the knots for structural purposes. Spike knot boards have been eliminated from commercial lumber graded for made parallel to the surface of the log. practical limitation of the particular mill. Lumber This creates a full-length board from the clear thicknesses range from 1 inch to over 24 inches from big structural uses. Lumber grades information: Figure 2 illustrates the grain orientation and outside of the log instead of the short piece that would logs. result if you were to use the more conventional cutting Before discussing the various types of mills in more In hardwoods, boards are cut to yield the greatest resulting round or oval knots produced in cutting structural lumber. methods ("no taper" or ''split taper"). In "full taper" detail, we need to review general grades of softwood amount of clear wood. Widths are random, and the sawing, the shorter or tapered pieces come from the and hardwood lumber and relate those grades to the widest clear boards yield the highest grades. Lumber inside of the