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7602 Woodlands Profiles from Working Woodlands: Exploring Forest-based Enterprises in Western Massachusetts by Susan M. Campbell Published by Massachusetts Woodlands Institute June 2004 P.O. Box 301 Montague, MA 01351 Massachusetts Woodlands Institute P.O. Box 301 Montague, MA 01351 © June, 2004 by Massachusetts Woodlands Institute All rights reserved. Published 2004 Printed in the U.S.A. 0-9760942-0-7 www.masswoodlandsinstitute.org Acknowledgements This work was made possible with principal funding from the Highland Communities Initiative, a program of the Trustees of Reservations. Additional funding came from a grant awarded by the Northeast Area State & Private Forestry, USDA Forest Service, and USDA-Rural Development. Special thanks to Jocelyn Forbush and the Highland Communities Initiative for providing the funds and flexibility that allowed this research and writing project to develop. For their encouragement and inspiration, thanks go to Arthur Eve, Patricia Lee Lewis, Dave Bowman, Peter Jensen, Jay Healy, Walter Wright, Sarah Buie, Dave Damery, Paul Catanzaro, Jennifer Fish, Kathrin Woodlyn Bateman, Paul Strasburg, and Roger Monthey. Many thanks to all the forest landowners, business-owners and others interviewed for this work who were generous with their time and ideas. They include: John Clarke, Stacy Brown, Emily Monosson, Ben Letcher, Dick and Marcia Starkey, Lloyd Crawford, Ed Klaus, Norma and Bill Coli, Mark and Sarah McKusick, Cynthia Wood, Scott Maslansky, Will Beemer, Paul Lagreze, Chris Marano, Laura Maples, Paul Waite, Milton Lafond, Harriet Freeman, Jane Freeman, John Freeman, Kathleen O’Rourke, and Pat Flinn. Photo credits: Patricia Lee Lewis, page 18 (top) and page 19 (right); Don Wukasch, page 19 (left); Ed Klaus, page 23; Arthur Eve, page 36; Will Beemer, page 39. For transforming this manuscript into a printed format that is a pleasure to behold, thanks go to Susan Bergeron-West of Sirius Design, Monson, and Kristina Ferrare. Finally, much love and appreciation go to Todd and Mollie Fuller who sustain me throughout all my adventures. Table of Contents AUTHOR’S PREFACE What This Work Is About 1 Why Revitalize the Local Forest Economy? 2 THE PROFILES Hardwood Flooring: A Market for Low Quality & Low Value Wood 5 FOREST-BASED ENTERPRISES 1. A Pilot Project: Learning How to Make Hardwood Flooring Strasburg Family, Hall Tavern Farm 7 2. A New Business Relies On Sustainable Forestry for the Local Economy Massachusetts Woodlands Cooperative, L.L.C. 12 OTHER OPPORTUNITIES 3. Adding Value with Green Certification New England Forestry Foundation, Massachusetts Woodlands Cooperative L.L.C., Hull Forest Products, Metropolitan District Commission–Quabbin 13 4. Flooring Today, Fine Furniture Tomorrow? 15 FOREST CULTURE 5. Using Your Own Wood Letcher/Monosson Family and Starkey Family 16 The Forest as Setting 17 FOREST-BASED ENTERPRISES 1. Nurturing Creativity on a Wooded Hillside Patchwork Farm Writing Retreat 18 2. Year-round Recreation and More Stump Sprouts Guest Lodge & Cross-Country Ski Center 20 3. A Unique Harvesting Niche Klaus Forest Improvements 23 OTHER OPPORTUNITIES 4. Tourism for the Working Landscape Blue Heron Farm and High Pocket Farm B&B 25 5. Adding Value to Tourism through Regional Collaboration North Quabbin Guide Training Program 26 Timbers for Framing: Embracing the Past and the Future 29 FOREST-BASED ENTERPRISES 1. A Pilot Project: The Timeless Process of Making Timber Frames Dave Bowman, Timber Framer 30 2. A Small-Scale Logging Business 34 Porter & Noonan’s Draft Horses OTHER OPPORTUNITIES 3. Diversity in the Work Place: A Wood Shop Made from Many Species 37 Dave Bowman, Timber Framer FOREST CULTURE 4. Two Organizations Conserve a Tradition, Serve the Community The Heartwood School and Timber Framers Guild 38 Understory Crops: Useful Products, Culture and History 41 FOREST-BASED ENTERPRISES 1. Mushrooms in the Forest New England Wild Edibles 42 2. A Storehouse of Herbal Medicine Clearpath Herbals 44 OTHER OPPORTUNITIES 3. Growing Landscape Plantings in the Understory Kathrin Woodlyn Bateman and Paul Waite, Landscapers 46 4. Enduring Household Goods The Basket Shop 48 FOREST CULTURE 5. Tracing Cultural History through Forest Products: Native Baskets in an Attic The Freeman Family 49 The Black Locust Project: Rethinking Conventions on One Acre 53 FOREST-BASED ENTERPRISES 1. Introducing Black Locust: Its Wood Properties and Growth Characteristics 54 2. The Pilot Project: A Harvest of Trail-Building Materials 55 Openspace Management and Walter Wright, Landowner OTHER OPPORTUNITIES 3. An Alternative Use for Exotic Invasives 62 Excerpt Adapted from “Taking Good Care” Kathleen O’Rourke FOREST CULTURE 4. Mary V. Flynn Trail in Stockbridge Laurel Hill Association 64 5. The Greenfield Center School Play Structure 64 Author’s End Note 65 RESOURCES Businesses Featured in these Profiles 66 More Forest-based Businesses & Associations 66 Relevant Organizations & Programs in the Vicinity of Western Massachusetts 66 Technical Resources 66 What This Work Is About he profiles in this collection are about people who live and work in Tthe wooded hills of western Massachusetts. Most of them own a patch of woods, and while rich in land and its possibilities, these landowners are not categorically affluent. As guardians of their land, they stand out from most forest landowners today because they have made their love of the forest visible by forging a working relationship with it. Earning income beyond the common practice of selling timber on the stump, they add value to their forest in a variety of ways. Some manufacture wood products, some host retreats and recreational activities, and some reap natural materials that grow within the forest—for food, medicine and household goods. Today, fewer and fewer people have physically demanding outdoor work that requires an intimate knowledge of working the land. This makes these people and their hard-earned livelihoods the exception, not the rule. The enterprises described in this work are small; some have been around for nearly 30 years, others are just beginning to open their doors for business. “Small, smart and lean” keeps these enterprises on their toes, experimenting with new markets and adjusting to changes in social trends. These people and their forest-based enterprises combine a strong stewardship ethic with Yankee ingenuity, entrepreneurial risk-taking and flexibility, making them the roots of a forest economy with growth potential. Their stories allow us to consider an economy that is local, diverse and complex, and designed to sustain itself for future generations—not exploit the forest and move on, as has been the dominant environmental legacy of generations past. These stories also allow us to reflect on our culture as it relates to the forest. Exploring a model for a new forest economy sends us back to times when Native Americans thrived in these forests, harvesting medicine, food and materials to support their daily lives. We are linked to the waves of immigrant families who lived and worked in these forests harvesting wood for charcoal, lumber for building and forage for livestock. By seeing the forest as a viable source of livelihood today, we re-create and reclaim simple traditions like putting up firewood for the woodstove, selecting a fresh-cut Christmas tree, boiling sap from the front yard maple, pitching in on a neighbor’s house-raising. While many seem to be leading more sedentary and indoor lives, others seek authentic rural experiences like these. What cultural future do we choose for ourselves? 1 Why Revitalize the Local Forest Economy? The Nature of Our Forests No less than nine ecoregions blanket the hills, river valleys and upland plateaus of western Massachusetts. This naturally diverse area is a convergence of northern hardwoods (birch, beech, maple), central hardwoods (oak and hickory), boreal conifers (spruce and fir), and the ubiquitous white pine—a cornucopia of trees, shrubs, herbaceous plant species and the crea- tures that live therein. Apportion moderate rainfall and sunlight through the seasons and we’ve got a temperate forest region that is ideal for growing trees and the complex of biota that live in and under their protective canopy. The forests of western Massachusetts now cover between 80 and 90 percent of the landscape— the inverse of 150 years ago. Granted, there are problems with how we have treated our forests, but the fact is, they are a resilient force of nature. Anyone who has observed an old field turn to goldenrod and milkweed, then sumac, gray birch and juniper, knows that it takes human and machine effort to keep the woods from reclaiming most ground. In the interests of nurturing this sylvan landscape, how should we relate to the woods? Consumption and Conservation We’ve heard the statistic: as one-twentieth of the world’s population, Americans consume one- fifth of the world’s resources. Admittedly, modern manufacturing trends and fast-paced lifestyles promote the use of cheaply made, expendable goods, but this high level of consumption suggests at least room to reduce waste. It also calls into question our stewardship of natural resources: how can such high consumption sustain itself in the future? Looking at forest products in particular, U.S. per capita consumption of sawn wood in 1997 was 12 times that of eastern European countries and almost three times that of western and central European countries.1 In Massachusetts, between 1993 and 1998 about 1.7 billion board feet of wood was used across the state. For the same years, wood harvested from our native forests was less than 100 million board feet, or a meager 6 per cent of the total consumed— this from a state that is 62 percent forested. This might seem reasonable, given the high pop- ulation density in the eastern part of the state, but a look at annual forest growth compared to wood harvested tells a different story. The last two U.S. Forest Service inventories (1985 and 1996) show that for every 3.3 board feet of saw timber that grows in our forests, only 1.0 board foot is harvested.
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