DOCSLIB.ORG

Operation China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Operation China Dong, Northern March 8 ➤ History: The Dong were not known by that name until this HUNAN GUIZHOU century. In the past they were •Hongjiang part of the ancient Yue race, Guiyang • •Chengbu Kaili• which dominated southern •Anshun •Duyun Rongjiang• •Sanjiang China. The Dong have many Scale GUANGXI ancient myths and legends 0 KM 160 about the origin of the world.4 Population in China: 907,560 (1990) 1,170,700 (2000) Customs: One of the visually 1,510,200 (2010) striking aspects of a Dong Location: community is the Drum Tower. Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei For centuries, the Dong have Religion: Polytheism Christians: 600 used the tower as the rallying point of the community: a place Overview of the where the village gathers for an emergency, celebrates a Northern Dong wedding, and where young Dong Countries: China couples sing love songs to each Pronunciation: “Dong” other. One source states that Other Names: Kam, Tung, Tungchia, Tungjen, Gam, Tong, there are more than 30 distinct Tongkia Dong dialect groups in China, Population Source: and that marriage is rare 907,560 (1990 census); between members of the various Out of a total Dong population of 5 2,514,014 (1990 census) groups. Location: SE Guizhou: Tianzhu, Sansui, Religion: The Dong believe in Jianhe, and Jinping counties; many gods. They regard certain W Hunan: Xinhuang and mountains, trees, stones, and Jingzhou counties; Paul Hattaway SW Hubei: Enshi County other nonhuman objects as Status: Location: More than one million speakers sacred. This is reflected in the Dong Officially included under Dong of the Northern Dong language live in the custom of planting a fir tree for each Language: Daic, Kam-Sui area of southern China where the provinces newborn baby. A form of black magic, called Literacy: 55% of Guizhou and Hunan meet.1 In addition, a Tu, is practiced by some Dong in remote Dialects: 3 small number live far to the north in Enshi areas. The Kitchen god is worshiped during Religion: Polytheism, Animism, County in southwestern Hubei. In 1990 the the Spring and Fall festivals. A growing Ancestor Worship Northern Dong amounted to 36% of the number of Dong youth are nonreligious. Christians: 600 total Dong population of 2.54 million. Scripture: None Christianity: Although they are considered Jesus film: None Identity: Although the Northern and relatively open to the gospel, the Dong Gospel Recordings: None Southern Dong speak different languages, remain one of the most neglected minority Christian Broadcasting: None they have been combined to form the groups in China. Today there are an ROPAL code: DOC00 official Dong nationality in China. The two estimated 600 Northern Dong Christians,6 groups are also culturally different. The a meager number considering their large Status of Evangelization Northern Dong have been assimilated into population of more than one million. Most 88% Chinese culture much more than their Dong have never heard the gospel. Both southern counterparts. The Dong call Protestant and Catholic missionaries were themselves Kam. active among the Dong prior to the introduction of Communism in 1949. 11% 1% Language: The two Dong languages share Several churches were built, but the gospel 71% cognate vocabulary.2 Generally more never took a firm hold among the Dong. A B C speakers of Northern Dong are bilingual in Because the Dong do not have a written A = Have never heard the gospel Chinese than the Southern Dong. Many script, no Scriptures have been translated B = Were evangelized but did not become Christians Northern Dong now speak exclusively into their language. Efforts are underway to C = Are adherents to any form of Chinese. There are nine tones produce a Roman script for them. Many Christianity distinguishable in Northern Dong — the Northern Dong could now be reached by most found in any Tai-related language Chinese-language media. throughout the world.3 124 DONG, NORTHERN.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supplemental Information
    Supplemental information Table S1 Sample information for the 36 Bactrocera minax populations and 8 Bactrocera tsuneonis populations used in this study Species Collection site Code Latitude Longitude Accession number B. minax Shimen County, Changde SM 29.6536°N 111.0646°E MK121987 - City, Hunan Province MK122016 Hongjiang County, HJ 27.2104°N 109.7884°E MK122052 - Huaihua City, Hunan MK122111 Province 27.2208°N 109.7694°E MK122112 - MK122144 Jingzhou Miao and Dong JZ 26.6774°N 109.7341°E MK122145 - Autonomous County， MK122174 Huaihua City, Hunan Province Mayang Miao MY 27.8036°N 109.8247°E MK122175 - Autonomous County, MK122204 Huaihua City, Hunan Province Luodian county, Qiannan LD 25.3426°N 106.6638°E MK124218 - Buyi and Miao MK124245 Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province Dongkou County, DK 27.0806°N 110.7209°E MK122205 - Shaoyang City, Hunan MK122234 Province Shaodong County, SD 27.2478°N 111.8964°E MK122235 - Shaoyang City, Hunan MK122264 Province 27.2056°N 111.8245°E MK122265 - MK122284 Xinning County, XN 26.4652°N 110.7256°E MK122022 - Shaoyang City,Hunan MK122051 Province 26.5387°N 110.7586°E MK122285 - MK122298 Baojing County, Xiangxi BJ 28.6154°N 109.4081°E MK122299 - Tujia and Miao MK122328 Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province 28.2802°N 109.4581°E MK122329 - MK122358 Guzhang County, GZ 28.6171°N 109.9508°E MK122359 - Xiangxi Tujia and Miao MK122388 Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province Luxi County, Xiangxi LX 28.2341°N 110.0571°E MK122389 - Tujia and Miao MK122407 Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province Yongshun County, YS 29.0023°N
    [Show full text]
  • Loan Agreement
    OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS Public Disclosure Authorized LOAN NUMBER 8927-CN Loan Agreement Public Disclosure Authorized (Guizhou Aged Care System Development Program) between PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA and Public Disclosure Authorized INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized LOAN AGREEMENT AGREEMENT dated as of the Signature Date between PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ("Borrower") and INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT ("Bank"). The Borrower and the Bank hereby agree as follows: ARTICLE I - GENERAL CONDITIONS; DEFINITIONS 1.01. The General Conditions (as defined in the Appendix to this Agreement) apply to and form part of this Agreement. 1.02. Unless the context requires otherwise, the capitalized terms used in this Agreement have the meanings ascribed to them in the General Conditions or in the Appendix to this Agreement. ARTICLE II- LOAN 2.01. The Bank agrees to lend to the Borrower the amount of three hundred five million seven hundred thousand Euro (E305,700,000), as such amount may be converted from time to time through a Currency Conversion ("Loan"), to assist in financing the program described in Schedule 1 to this Agreement ("Program"). 2.02. The Borrower may withdraw the proceeds of the Loan in accordance with Section IV of Schedule 2 to this Agreement. All withdrawals from the Loan Account shall be deposited by the Bank into an account specified by the Borrower and acceptable to the Bank. 2.03. The Front-end Fee is one quarter of one percent (0.25%) of the Loan amount. 2.04. The Commitment Charge is one quarter of one percent (0.25%) per annum on the Unwithdrawn Loan Balance.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Research on Dong Ka Lau: a Case Study of Dong Villages in Liping County
    | N.º 21/22 | 2014 ( 279-284) Field research on Dong Ka Lau: A case study of Dong villages in Liping County CHEN YONGHONG * [ [email protected] ] LU JINHONG ** [ 595352091.qzone.qq.com ] Abstract | As an artistic and cultural phenomenon, Dong Ka Lau (Dong Chorus) ontology and its associated social, cultural and natural environment have begun to concern many experts and scholars at home and abroad, as well as local governments. On the basis of a field survey, this paper makes an investigation as to whether Dong Ka Lau will continue to manifest Dong minority people’s aesthetic consciousness and pursuits amid today’s rapidly developing local tourism eco- nomy. In addition, the influence on contemporary young people is also of great concern. The study found that commercial performance of Dong Ka Lau heritage in some Dong villages has lost its original cultural significance, while in other villages it has been a vital and inspirational tourism product, of which forms and cultural essence can still exist over a prolonged period of time. This research asserts that cultural ecological self-sustainability and identity can be strengthened and nourished by both external regulations on cultural displays as well as the endogenous power of ethnic minority villages. Keywords | Dong Ka Lau, External regulations, Endogenous power, Participation, Zhaoxing. Resumo | Como um fenómeno artístico e cultural, a ontologia de Dong Ka Lau (Refrão Dong) e o seu ambiente social, cultural e natural associado começaram a preocupar muitos especialistas e estudiosos nacionais e estrangeiros, bem como os governos locais. Com base numa pesquisa de campo, este trabalho de investigação tem por objetivo saber se Dong Ka Lau irá continuar a manifestar consciência estética pelos grupos minoritários Dong, num período de rápido desenvolvimento da economia do turismo local.
    [Show full text]
  • DBW-18 Still a Song to Sing?
    DBW-18 EAST ASIA Daniel Wright is an Institute Fellow studying ICWA the people and societies of inland China. LETTERS Still a Song to Sing? — Modernization and Guizhou’s Since 1925 the Institute of Ethnic Minority Traditions — Current World Affairs (the Crane- Rogers Foundation) has provided RONGJIANG COUNTY, Guizhou, China April 1999 long-term fellowships to enable outstanding young professionals Mr. Peter Bird Martin to live outside the United States Executive Director and write about international Institute of Current World Affairs areas and issues. An exempt 4 West Wheelock St. operating foundation endowed by Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 USA the late Charles R. Crane, the Dear Peter, Institute is also supported by contributions from like-minded Since a fire roared through mountainous Xiao Huang Village several months individuals and foundations. ago, torching one-third of the community’s wooden homes, none of the people have been in the mood to sing. At least that’s what two teenage girls from the TRUSTEES village, both surnamed Wu, recently told me. Bryn Barnard Carole Beaulieu Singing is the lifeblood of this Dong ethnic village, located in southeastern Mary Lynne Bird Guizhou Province’s Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture William F, Foote — the heartland of Dong traditional culture. Peter Geithner Pramila Jayapal Before the young ladies can remember, their parents and grandparents sang Peter Bird Martin Dong melodies to them. As toddlers, they heard tunes that imitate the sparrow’s Judith Mayer twitter, the brook’s gurgle and the cicada’s whir. Dorothy S. Patterson Paul A. Rahe As youngsters, the village song master leads groups of them after dinner Carol Rose each night, memorizing the richness of Dong culture through song.
    [Show full text]
  • On Two and Four Wheels Through the Middle Kingdom – 9,000 Km Over Hill and Dale
    Press On two and four wheels through the Middle Kingdom – 9,000 km over hill and dale Landau, 14. March 2017 The team were well-guarded but also roads – into the mountains of the Foping The great Next Story destination has well looked-after and were able to visit all nature reserve – home to the protected been reached: Hong Kong. Over of the landmark sights in the country and giant panda. This was followed by Hanz- three years, each with three individual the capital in the company of their tour hong, the heavenly Jiu Zhai National stages, a changing list of participants guides. Park in the Valley of the Nine Villages, covered a distance of almost 29,000 and Jianmen Pass – a trip bursting with kilometres. For a combined total of The journey through China resumed in natural scenery and mountain passages. 111 days, 69 participants from 12 the border city of Dandong and continued countries travelled along remote through Panjin and the imperial summer Stage 3: Chengdu – Hongkong roads, through narrow laneways and residence of Chengde to the Chinese After the change of team in Chengdu we over miles of dirt tracks, crossing 14 capital Beijing. The first stage of the expe- had the opportunity to experience a Chi- different countries. Now the team on dition came to an end here on 6 June, nese opera, performed in traditional robes the final leg stood before the Hong and the group was joined by those taking and costumes. A visit to a tea plantation Kong skyline to conclude a great pro- part in the second stage.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Correlation Between Type of Mountain Area and Land Use Degree in Guizhou Province, China
    sustainability Article Spatial Correlation between Type of Mountain Area and Land Use Degree in Guizhou Province, China Yuluan Zhao 1,2 and Xiubin Li 2,* 1 School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; [email protected] 2 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-6488-9297 Academic Editors: Fausto Cavallaro and Marc A. Rosen Received: 17 May 2016; Accepted: 24 August 2016; Published: 29 August 2016 Abstract: A scientific definition of the type of mountain area and an exploration of the spatial correlation between different types of mountain areas and regional land use at the county level are important for reasonable land resource utilization and regional sustainable development. Here, a geographic information system was used to analyze digital elevation model data and to define the extent of mountainous land and types of mountain areas in Guizhou province. Exploratory spatial data analysis was used to study the spatial coupling relation between the type of mountain area and land use degree in Guizhou province at the county level. The results were as follows: (1) Guizhou province has a high proportion of mountainous land, with a ratio of mountainous land to non-mountainous land of 88:11. The county-level administrative units in Guizhou province were exclusively mountainous, consisting of eight semi mountainous counties, nine quasi mountainous counties, 35 apparently mountainous counties, 13 type I completely mountainous counties, and 23 type II completely mountainous counties; (2) The land use degree at the county level in Guizhou province have remarkable spatial differentiation characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • 4.5 Ethnic Minority Groups
    IPP319 v2 Public Disclosure Authorized The Guiyang-Guangzhou New Railway Construction (GGR) Social Assessment & Ethnic Minority Development Plan Public Disclosure Authorized SA &EMDP Public Disclosure Authorized Foreign I&T Introduction Center of MOR, China West China Development Research Center of The Central University of Nationalities Public Disclosure Authorized August 30, 2008 1 Project Title: Social Assessment & Ethnic Minority Development Plan for the Guiyang-Guangzhou New Railway Construction Project Undertakers: Professor/Dr. Zhang Haiyang (Han) Director of the West China Development Research Center Associate Professor/Dr. Jia Zhongyi (Miao/Mhong) Deputy Director of the WCDRC The Central University of Nationalities, Beijing, 100081 China [email protected]; [email protected] Taskforce Member: Chen weifan, female, Hui, graduate students of CUN Zhong wenhong, male, She, graduate student of CUN Shen Jie, femal, Han, graduate student of CUN Feng An, male, Buyi, graduate student of CUN Wu Huicheng, male, Zhuang, graduate student of CUN Drafters: Jia Zhongyi, Zhang Haiyang, Shen Jie, Chen weifan, Zhong wenhong, Feng An Translators: Zhang Haiyang, Saihan, Liu Liu, Chai Ling , Liang Hongling, Yan Ying, Liang Xining 2 Table of Contents Abstract...................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Chpt.1 GGR Content & Regional Development Survey ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020
    Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020 Contents Heilongjiang ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Jilin ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Liaoning ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ........................................................................................................... 7 Beijing......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Hebei ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 Henan .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Shandong .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Shanxi ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Shaanxi ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CHN36374 – Guizhou Province – Guiyang City – Ethnic Miao Minority – Tobacco Farming – Karst Caves – Local Church 14 April 2010
    Country Advice China China – CHN36374 – Guizhou Province – Guiyang City – Ethnic Miao minority – Tobacco farming – Karst caves – Local Church 14 April 2010 1. Guiyang City, Guizhou Province 1.1. Please provide a general description of Guiyang and the city’s population. 1.2. What are the distinctive landmarks of the city of Guiyang? Guiyang (贵阳) is the capital city of Guizhou Province (贵州) in south west China and is over 400 years old. The modern city is a mix of historic architecture and a modern business centre.1 The city is built on the Nanming River which runs through the centre of the city. Maps of Guiyang city and selected landmarks are at Attachment 12. The population of Guiyang city is between approximately 1.2 million2 and 3.5 million people.3 The urban and rural subdivisions may explain the large variation found in sources on population numbers. In 2006, Guiyang city was divided into several areas, including 6 urban districts, one city, three counties, 50 townships (including 19 ethnic townships) and 1118 administrative villages.4 1 Flikr Hive Mind, „Guiyang‟, undated, http://fiveprime.org/hivemind/Tags/guiyang,%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E, - Accessed 16 April 2010, Attachment 4 2 Harper, D., et al., China, Lonely Planet Publications, May 2009, pp. 660. 3 Zhou Yuan, Mayor of Guiyang, „A Welcome Speech by the Mayor‟, 11 April 2009 http://en.gygov.gov.cn/engygov/4038040015891070976/20091104/217117.html - undated, Accessed 9 April 2010, Attachment 2 4 The People‟s Government of Guiyang Municipality, “In 2006, Guiyang was divided into 6 urban districts, one city, 3 counties, 1 high-tech industry development zone, 50 townships (including 19 ethnic townships), 30 towns, 38 subdistrict offices, 3 villagers committees, 1118 administrative villages and 437 neighbourhood committees.” http://en.gygov.gov.cn/engygov/4036633753404047360/20090812/201012.html undated - Accessed 9 April 2010, Attachment 3 Page 1 of 17 5 i.
    [Show full text]
  • Launching Strategy for Electric Vehicles: Lessons from China and Taiwan
    Technological Forecasting & Social Change 77 (2010) 831–834 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Technological Forecasting & Social Change FROM MY PERSPECTIVE Launching strategy for electric vehicles: Lessons from China and Taiwan Chi-Jen Yang Technology Policy Analyst, Center on Global Change, Duke University. Box 90658, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA article info abstract Article history: China has seen explosive growth in the sales of electric bikes since 1998. The boom was triggered Received 12 June 2009 by Chinese local governments' efforts to restrict motorcycles in city centers. However, many Received in revised form 21 September 2009 Chinese cities have started to extend the restriction to electric bikes. Whether China's electric bike Accepted 26 January 2010 economy will continue to develop is highly uncertain. The experience of China's electric bike boom suggests that limiting the fossil-fueled alternatives could be an effective policy tool in fostering the Keywords: commercialization of electric vehicles. The failure of Taiwan's electric scooter policy, on the other Electric vehicles hand, indicates that subsidies alone may not be a sufficient launching strategy. The policy Plug-in hybrid approach of limiting the alternatives deserves serious consideration if policymakers wish to foster Electric bike Transportation policy electric vehicles. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Content China witnessed the world's most spectacular growth in electric vehicles since 1998. China's annual sales of electric two- wheeled vehicles (bikes and scooters) grew exponentially from fifty six thousand vehicles in 1998 to over twenty one million in 2008 [1]. Some reporters called this a technology revolution. A closer examination of the history of the electric two-wheeled vehicles market in China reveals that this spectacular growth was largely policy-driven.
    [Show full text]
  • Baheng, Liping January 26 ➤
    Baheng, Liping January 26 ➤ necklaces. In the past, a their midst. Unfortunately, new husband was no Scriptures or gospel required to live in his in- recordings exist in a law’s house for 12 language the Baheng can years. After six years, easily understand. however, he was able to take his wife and build his own home if her HUNAN family gave their GUIZHOU consent. This custom •Guiyang •Kaili Tongdao •Anshun •Duyun • has not been strictly •Sanjiang •Wangmo observed in recent •Rongshui Scale •Hechi years, although most 0 KM 160 GUANGXI men still move to their Population in China: wife’s village after the 4,000 (1990) wedding. 5,160 (2000) 6,650 (2010) Location: Guizhou Religion: Ancestor Religion: Ancestor Worship worship is the primary Christians: None Known religion among the Baheng and is the driving Overview of the force behind many Liping Baheng customs and prohibitions Countries: China in their society. The Pronunciation: “Lee-ping-Ba-heng” Baheng believe that only Other Names: Pa Hng, Baxing sons can conduct Yao, Eight Clan Yao ancestral rites. Boys are Population Source: 4,000 (1995 Wang Fushi – 1990 census); therefore highly sought Out of a total Yao population of after, especially since 2,134,013 (1990 census) the implementation of Location: Paul Hattaway China’s strict family- SE Guizhou: Liping County Location: Chinese scholars granted status as its own planning laws. In recent Status: Officially included under Yao in the 1990s discovered minzu (nationality) in China years, a growing number of that Baheng speakers in but were included as part of Language: Baheng women have Hmong-Mien, Hmongic, Bahengic southern Guizhou and the Yao nationality.
    [Show full text]
  • 4.5 Ethnic Minority Groups
    IPP319 Public Disclosure Authorized The Guiyang-Guangzhou New Railway Construction (GGR) Social Assessment & Ethnic Minority Development Plan Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Foreign I&T Introduction Center of MOR, China West China Development Research Center of The Central University of Nationalities Public Disclosure Authorized August 30, 2008 1 3URMHFW7LWOH Social Assessment & Ethnic Minority Development Plan for the Guiyang-Guangzhou New Railway Construction 3URMHFW8QGHUWDNHUV Professor/Dr. Zhang Haiyang (Han) Director of the West China Development Research Center Associate Professor/Dr. Jia Zhongyi (Miao/Mhong) Deputy Director of the WCDRC The Central University of Nationalities, Beijing, 100081 China [email protected]; [email protected] 7DVNIRUFH0HPEHU Chen weifan, female, Hui, graduate students of CUN Zhong wenhong, male, She, graduate student of CUN Shen Jie, femal, Han, graduate student of CUN Feng An, male, Buyi, graduate student of CUN Wu Huicheng, male, Zhuang, graduate student of CUN 'UDIWHUV Jia Zhongyi, Zhang Haiyang, Shen Jie, Chen weifan, Zhong wenhong, Feng An 7UDQVODWRUVZhang Haiyang, Saihan, Liu Liu, Chai Ling , Liang Hongling, Yan Ying, Liang Xining 2 Table of Contents Abstract......................................................................................................................................................................5 Chpt.1 GGR Content & Regional Development Survey............................................................................................9 1.1 Background
    [Show full text]