DOCSLIB.ORG

Nordic Geological Winter Meeting Helsinki, 13–15 January, 2016

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nordic Geological Winter Meeting Helsinki, 13–15 January, 2016 FEDERATIO N O F FIN N ISH LEARN ED SO C IETIES Delegation of the Finnish Academies of Science and Letters 32nd Nordic Geological Winter Meeting Helsinki, 13–15 January, 2016 Editors: Stratos Staboulis Toni Karvonen Antti Kujanpää Conference website: http://www.geologinenseura.fi/winter_meeting/ Welcome to Helsinki We warmly welcome you to the Science Campus of the University of Helsinki on the occasion of the 32nd Nordic Geological Winter Meeting! The Geological So- ciety of Finland and the University of Helsinki are proud to organize this meeting. Since the first Nordic Geological Winter meeting held in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1954, this gathering has transformed into a strong tradition that combines geosci- entists from all the Nordic countries. The meeting covers a wide range of topics and offers an appreciated venue for presenting research, networking, and meeting old and making new friends. The 32nd NGWM offers an intensive programme that comprises 13 sym- posia divided into 41 sessions, as well as four stand-alone sessions. During the three days of the meeting, parallel sessions are held in seven lecture rooms. In mid-afternoons, the programme is devoted to poster sessions, which offer the possibility to discuss various geoscientific topics at the poster stands. We have invited three plenary talks that represent exciting new scientific re- sults and compilations of existing data. On Wednesday, Ritske Huismans will discuss lithosphere deformation and the formation of sedimentary basins. On Thursday, Anna Hughes will present a new compilation and synthesis of the deglaciation of the last Eurasian Ice Sheet. The third plenary talk will be given on Friday by the winner of the Nordic Geoscientist award. The prize was awarded for the first time in Reykjavik at the 30th NGWM in 2012 to Haakon Fossen, struc- tural geologist from Bergen, Norway. The winner at the second time, delivered at the 31st NGWM held in Lund in 2014, was Stefan Bengtson from the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm. This year’s winner will be announced at the banquet on Thursday evening. The organization of the 32nd NGWM has required one full year of prepara- tion, and a large group of people has been involved in the process. Especially, we would like to thank the Scientific Programme Committee for creating a great programme, the assigned conveners for promoting exciting sessions, the plenary speakers for their commitment, and the many sponsors who have made this event financially possible. We would also like to thank Toni Karvonen, Antti Kujan- pää, and Stratos Staboulis from Parsity Partnership for organizing registration, the conference web site, the abstract volume, and many other practicalities. We hope that the 32nd Nordic Geological Winter Meeting will be successful, lead to new insights into the rapidly evolving fields of geosciences, and enhance pertinent Nordic collaboration. Sincerely, The Organizing Committee of the 32nd NGWM 3 32nd Nordic Geological Winter Meeting Helsinki, 13–15 January, 2016 Organizing committee Juha Karhu University of Helsinki, Finland Anu Hakala Geological Society of Finland Jussi Heinonen University of Helsinki, Finland Annakaisa Korja Geological Society of Finland Seija Kultti University of Helsinki, Finland Raimo Lahtinen Geological Survey of Finland Tapani Rämö University of Helsinki, Finland Sakari Salonen University of Helsinki, Finland Veli-Pekka Salonen University of Helsinki, Finland Geological Society of Finland (Suomen Geologinen Seura ry) Address: P.O. Box 64 (Department of Geosciences and Geography) University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland Website: http://www.geologinenseura.fi Registration, conference website and the book of abstracts by Parsity Partnership http://www.parsity.fi 4 Scientific committee Tapani Rämö (chair) University of Helsinki, Finland Veli-Pekka Salonen (vice chair) University of Helsinki, Finland Toni Eerola Geological Survey of Finland Olav Eklund Åbo Akademi, Finland Eero Hanski University of Oulu, Finland Hannu Huhma Geological Survey of Finland Juha Karhu University of Helsinki, Finland Annakaisa Korja Geological Society of Finland Kirsti Korkka-Niemi University of Helsinki, Finland Aarno Kotilainen Geological Survey of Finland Björn Kröger University of Helsinki (Museum), Finland Ilmo Kukkonen University of Helsinki, Finland Raimo Lahtinen Geological Survey of Finland Jussi Leveinen Aalto University, Finland Arto Luttinen University of Helsinki (Museum), Finland Vesa Nykänen Geological Survey of Finland Heikki Seppä University of Helsinki, Finland Pietari Skyttä University of Turku, Finland Kari Strand University of Oulu (Thule Institute), Finland Thomas Wagner University of Helsinki, Finland 5 6 Table of contents 32nd Nordic Geological Winter Meeting program and abstracts Table of contents 1 Venue information and general schedule ....................... 11 Venue information ................................... 12 Social program .................................. 12 Hotspots of the conference ............................ 12 Map of Kumpula Campus and its surroundings ................... 13 Floor maps of Kumpula Campus ......................... 14 Lunch and coffee options ............................. 17 List of minisymposia and sessions ........................... 18 Timetable — Wednesday, January 13 .......................... 20 Timetable — Thursday, January 14 ........................... 21 Timetable — Friday, January 15 ............................ 22 2 Plenary talks ........................................ 25 3 Scientific programme ................................... 29 Parallel session — Wednesday morning ........................ 30 Parallel session — Wednsesday afternoon ....................... 34 Parallel session — Wednesday evening ......................... 36 Parallel session — Thursday morning 1 ........................ 39 Parallel session — Thursday morning 2 ........................ 42 Parallel session — Thursday afternoon ......................... 45 Parallel session — Thursday evening .......................... 46 Parallel session — Friday morning 1 .......................... 49 7 Parallel session — Friday morning 2 .......................... 51 Parallel session — Friday afternoon .......................... 54 Parallel session — Friday evening ........................... 56 Poster session 1 ..................................... 58 Poster session 2 ..................................... 63 4 Abstracts .......................................... 69 S1.1 Geohazards in the Nordic and Arctic regions ................... 71 S1.2 Hydrogeology ................................... 78 S1.3 Mining and the environment: Towards socially and environmentally acceptable mining .......................................... 83 S1.4 Geoenergy ..................................... 88 S1.5 Nuclear waste disposal .............................. 92 S1.6 Weathering and Alteration processes of Rocks and Minerals . .......... 96 S1.7 Environmental geology ..............................101 S2.1 Critical metals — petrology, geochemistry and ore geology . ..........107 S2.2 Fluid and melt processes in the Earth .......................116 S2.3 Geochemical and geophysical exploration methods ................120 S2.4 Precambrian metallogeny .............................124 S3.1 Geoscience outreach ................................138 S3.2 Higher education in geosciences: Experiences, practices and development . 143 S4.1 Drilling projects ..................................148 S5.1 Archean of the Fennoscandian shield: From bits and pieces towards a bigger picture ..........................................151 S5.2 Archean-Proterozoic transition ..........................154 S5.3 Proterozoic orogens ................................161 S5.4 Challenges in isotope dating of Precambrian terrains ...............170 S6.1 Marine geology ..................................174 S7.1 Mineralogy ....................................181 S8.1 Palaeoclimatology: New insights from proxy data and palaeoclimate modeling . 187 8 S9.1 Life-Earth Processes in Deep Time ........................196 S9.2 What is the Anthropocene? ............................201 S10.1 Petrology general .................................205 S10.2 Chronicles of petrological processes: In-situ geochemical studies of minerals and melts ........................................210 S10.3 Recent developments in metamorphic geology . ..............217 S10.4 Mafic-ultramafic intrusions and related ore deposits: Petrology and origin . 221 S10.5 Precambrian granitic systems of Fennoscandia: From genesis to emplacement . 228 S11.1 Glacial geology — processes, deposits and landforms .............232 S11.2 Glacial history of Scandinavia ..........................241 S11.3 Recent developments in Quaternary dating methods ..............248 S12.1 Sedimentology ..................................251 S13.1 Burial, uplift and exhumation of Scandinavia and surrounding regions .....255 S13.2 Dynamics and evolution of the lithosphere from Archean to present ......261 S13.3 The evolution and architecture of rifts and rifted passive margins ........268 S13.4 Imaging and modelling geological structures from microscopic to orogen scales273 S13.5 Impact cratering as a geological process .....................281 S13.6 Interactions between climate, erosion and tectonics . ..............289 S13.7 Supercontinents through time ..........................294 S13.8 Volcanology ...................................300 S15.1 Applied 3D and 4D modelling in geosciences ..................304 S15.2 LIDAR in geology
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The New Guide Book Introduces the Special Features of the Rokua Geopark´S Landscape
    The new guide book introduces the special features of the Rokua Geopark´s landscape Rokua UNESCO Global Geopark tells the story of the Rokua esker from the pre-glacial stages of bedrock development to the formation of the esker and the subsequent development of biota and the spread of human settlement in the area. In geological events, the time scale is challenging - it can be anything from a fraction of a second to billions of years. In particular, billions of years of time scales are difficult to comprehend. Various means of illustration are needed to support this. This work has recently been done in Rokua Geopark to make the story of the landscape easier understandable. The landscape of Rokua Geopark is like a big puzzle, built from landforms created by different eras and different forces of nature. Although Rokua Geopark tells the story of an esker (soil formation), the early stages of bedrock development are also important for the present landscape. The oldest rocks in the area, with detached pieces also found in eskers, are about 2.9 billion years old! The spread of plants and animals to the area after the ice age and the history of human settlement are closely linked to geological formations and events. The landscape is ultimately the sum of the interactions of all its pieces. We illustrate these things in a new guide booklet, published in December 2020, which we started working on as early as 2018. The aim was to create a booklet that presents the story of the landscape in an easy-to- understand way, allowing you to get to know the area before you arrive.
    [Show full text]
  • LIBRO GEOLOGIA 30.Qxd:Maquetaciûn 1
    Trabajos de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, 29 : 278-283 (2010) From ductile to brittle deformation – the structural development and strain variations along a crustal-scale shear zone in SW Finland T. TORVELA1* AND C. EHLERS1 1Åbo Akademi University, Department of geology and mineralogy, Tuomiokirkontori 1, 20500 Turku, Finland. *e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: This study demonstrates the impact of variations in overall crustal rheology on crustal strength in relatively high P-T conditions at mid- to lower mid-crustal levels. In a crustal-scale shear zone, along-strike variations in the rheological competence result in large-scale deformation partition- ing and differences in the deformation style and strain distribution. Keywords: shear zone, deformation, strain partitioning, terrane boundary, Finland, Palaeoproterozoic. The structural behaviour of the crustal-scale Sottunga- several orogenic periods from the Archaean to the Jurmo shear zone (SJSZ) in SW Finland is described. Caledonian orogen 450-400 Ma ago (Fig. 1; e.g. The shear zone outlines a significant crustal disconti- Nironen, 1997; Lahtinen et al., 2005). The bulk of nuity, and it probably also represents a terrain bound- the shield (central and southern Finland, central and ary between the amphibolite-to-granulite facies, dome- northern Sweden) was formed during the and-basin-style crustal block to the north and the Palaeoproterozoic orogeny, ca. 2.0-1.85 Ga ago, amphibolite facies rocks with dominantly steeply dip- which is often referred to in literature as the ping structures to the south. The results of this study Svecofennian orogeny (Gaál and Gorbatschev, 1987). also imply that the late ductile structures (~1.80-1.79 The main direction of convergence against the Ga) can be attributed to the convergence of an Archaean nucleus to the NE (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Early Paleozoic Platforms of Baltica and Laurentia to the Caledonide Orogen of Scandinavia and Greenland
    44 by David G. Gee1, Haakon Fossen2, Niels Henriksen3, and Anthony K. Higgins3 From the Early Paleozoic Platforms of Baltica and Laurentia to the Caledonide Orogen of Scandinavia and Greenland 1 Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavagen Villavägen 16, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] 3 The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, Dk 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] The Caledonide Orogen in the Nordic countries is exposed in Norway, western Sweden, westernmost Fin- Introduction land, on Svalbard and in northeast Greenland. In the The Caledonide Orogen is preserved on both sides of the North mountains of western Scandinavia, the structure is dom- Atlantic Ocean, in the mountains of western Scandinavia and north- inated by E-vergent thrusts with allochthons derived eastern Greenland; it continues northwards from northern Norway, across the Barents Shelf and Svalbard to the edge of the Eurasian from the Baltoscandian platform and margin, from out- Basin (Figure 1). The orogen is notable for its thrust systems, board oceanic (Iapetus) terranes and with the highest E-vergent in Scandinavia and W-vergent in Greenland. The width of the orogen, prior to Cenozoic opening of the North Atlantic, was in thrust sheets having Laurentian affinities. The other the order of at least 700–800 km, the deformation fronts on both side of this bivergent orogen is well exposed in north- sides of the orogen being defined by thrusts that, in the Devonian, eastern Greenland, where W-vergent thrust sheets probably reached substantially further onto the foreland platforms than they do today.
    [Show full text]
  • A Decision Analysis Framework for Stakeholder Involvement and Learning in Groundwater Management
    Open Access Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 5141–5153, 2013 Hydrology and www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/17/5141/2013/ doi:10.5194/hess-17-5141-2013 Earth System © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Sciences A decision analysis framework for stakeholder involvement and learning in groundwater management T. P. Karjalainen1, P. M. Rossi2, P. Ala-aho2, R. Eskelinen2, K. Reinikainen3, B. Kløve2, M. Pulido-Velazquez4, and H. Yang5,6 1Thule Institute, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 7300, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland 2University of Oulu, Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, P.O. Box 4300, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland 3Pöyry Finland Oy, Tutkijantie 2A–D, 90590 Oulu, Finland 4Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain 5Department of Systems Analysis, Integrated Assessment and Modeling, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse, 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland 6Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland Correspondence to: T. P. Karjalainen (timo.p.karjalainen@oulu.fi), P. M. Rossi (pekka.rossi@oulu.fi), P. Ala-aho (pertti.ala-aho@oulu.fi), R. Eskelinen ([email protected].fi), K. Reinikainen ([email protected]), B. Kløve (bjorn.klove@oulu.fi), M. Pulido-Velazquez ([email protected]), and H. Yang ([email protected]) Received: 20 June 2013 – Published in Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.: 5 July 2013 Revised: 15 November 2013 – Accepted: 20 November 2013 – Published: 18 December 2013 Abstract. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods interests are represented.
    [Show full text]
  • And Ordovician (Sardic) Felsic Magmatic Events in South-Western Europe: Underplating of Hot Mafic Magmas Linked to the Opening of the Rheic Ocean
    Solid Earth, 11, 2377–2409, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2377-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Comparative geochemical study on Furongian–earliest Ordovician (Toledanian) and Ordovician (Sardic) felsic magmatic events in south-western Europe: underplating of hot mafic magmas linked to the opening of the Rheic Ocean J. Javier Álvaro1, Teresa Sánchez-García2, Claudia Puddu3, Josep Maria Casas4, Alejandro Díez-Montes5, Montserrat Liesa6, and Giacomo Oggiano7 1Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC-UCM), Dr. Severo Ochoa 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain 2Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain 3Dpt. Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain 4Dpt. de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l’Oceà, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 5Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Plaza de la Constitución 1, 37001 Salamanca, Spain 6Dpt. de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 7Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, 07100 Sassari, Italy Correspondence: J. Javier Álvaro ([email protected]) Received: 1 April 2020 – Discussion started: 20 April 2020 Revised: 14 October 2020 – Accepted: 19 October 2020 – Published: 11 December 2020 Abstract. A geochemical comparison of early Palaeo- neither metamorphism nor penetrative deformation; on the zoic felsic magmatic episodes throughout the south- contrary, their unconformities are associated with foliation- western European margin of Gondwana is made and in- free open folds subsequently affected by the Variscan defor- cludes (i) Furongian–Early Ordovician (Toledanian) activ- mation.
    [Show full text]
  • During Neoproterozoic Glaciations with Evolutionary Implications
    Geosciences 2012, 2, 90-108; doi:10.3390/geosciences2020090 OPEN ACCESS geosciences ISSN 2076-3263 www.mdpi.com/journal/geosciences Review The Location and Styles of Ice-Free “Oases” during Neoproterozoic Glaciations with Evolutionary Implications Daniel Paul Le Heron Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Queen’s Building, Egham TW200EX, UK; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +0044-1784-443615; Fax: +0044-1784-471780 Received: 13 March 2012; in revised form: 10 April 2012 / Accepted: 17 May 2012 / Published: 29 May 2012 Abstract: Evidence based on molecular clocks, together with molecular evidence/biomarkers and putative body fossils, points to major evolutionary events prior to and during the intense Cryogenian and Ediacaran glaciations. The glaciations themselves were of global extent. Sedimentological evidence, including hummocky cross-stratification (representing ice-free seas affected by intra-glacial storms), dropstone textures, microbial mat-bearing ironstones, ladderback ripples, and wave ripples, militates against a “hard” Snowball Earth event. Each piece of sedimentological evidence potentially allows insight into the shape and location, with respect to the shoreline, of ice-free areas (“oases”) that may be viewed as potential refugia. The location of such oases must be seen in the context of global paleogeography, and it is emphasized that continental reconstructions at 600 Ma (about 35 millions years after the “Marinoan” ice age) are non-unique solutions. Specifically, whether continents such as greater India, Australia/East Antarctica, Kalahari, South and North China, and Siberia, were welded to a southern supercontinent or not, has implications for island speciation, faunal exchange, and the development of endemism.
    [Show full text]
  • Minerals-09-00767-V2.Pdf
    minerals Article Geochemical Features and Geological Processes Timescale of the Achaean TTG Complexes of the Ingozero Massif and the Pechenga Frame (NE Baltic Shield) Elena Nitkina * , Nikolay Kozlov, Natalia Kozlova and Tatiana Kaulina Geological Institute, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fersman Str. 14, 184209 Apatity, Russia; [email protected] (N.K.); [email protected] (N.K.); [email protected] (T.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +79-0213-745-78 Received: 1 November 2019; Accepted: 6 December 2019; Published: 10 December 2019 Abstract: This article provides a geological review and results of the structural, metamorphic, and geochronological studies of the Pechenga frame outcrops located in the NW part of the Central-Kola terrain and the Ingozero massif outcrops situated in the northeastern part of the Belomorian mobile belt of the Kola Region (NW Baltic Shield). As a result of the work, the deformation scales and ages of the geological processes at the Neo-Archaean–Paleoproterozoic stage of the area’s development were compiled, and the reference rocks were dated. The petrochemical and geochemical characteristics of the Ingozero rocks are similar to those of tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) complexes established on other Archaean shields. The isotope U–Pb dating of individual zircon grains from the biotite gneisses provided the oldest age for magmatic protolith of the Ingozero gneisses, which is 3149 46 Ma. Sm–Nd model ages showed that the gneisses protolite initial melt formed at 3.1–2.8 Ga. ± Ages of metamorphic processes were determined by using isotope U–Pb dating ID TIMS (isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry): Biotite gneisses—2697 9 Ma; amphibole–biotite ± gneisses—2725 2 Ma and 2667 7 Ma; and biotite–amphibole gneisses 2727 5 Ma.
    [Show full text]
  • Mesozoic Central Atlantic and Ligurian Tethys1
    42. RIFTING AND EARLY DRIFTING: MESOZOIC CENTRAL ATLANTIC AND LIGURIAN TETHYS1 Marcel Lemoine, Institut Dolomieu, 38031 Grenoble Cedex, France ABSTRACT The Leg 76 discovery of Callovian sediments lying above the oldest Atlantic oceanic crust allows us to more closely compare the Central Atlantic with the Mesozoic Ligurian Tethys. As a matter of fact, during the Late Jurassic and Ear- ly Cretaceous, both the young Central Atlantic Ocean and the Ligurian Tethys were segments of the Mesozoic Tethys Ocean lying between Laurasia and Gondwana and linked by the Gibraltar-Maghreb-Sicilia transform zone. If we as- sume that the Apulian-Adriatic continental bloc (or Adria) was then a northern promontory of Africa, then the predrift and early drift evolutions of both these oceanic segments must have been roughly the same: their kinematic evolution was governed by the east-west left-lateral motion of Gondwana (including Africa and Adria) relative to Laurasia (in- cluding North America, Iberia, and Europe), at least before the middle Cretaceous (=100 Ma). By the middle Cretaceous, opening of the North Atlantic Ocean led to a drastic change of the relative motions between Africa-Adria and Europe-Iberia. From this time on, closure of the Ligurian segment of the Tethys began, whereas the Central Atlan- tic went on spreading. In fact, field data from the Alps, Corsica, and the Apennines show evidence of a Triassic-Jurassic-Early Cretaceous paleotectonic evolution rather comparable with that of the Central Atlantic. Rifting may have been started during the Triassic (at least the late Triassic) but reached its climax in the Liassic.
    [Show full text]
  • Neoproterozoic Glaciations in a Revised Global Palaeogeography from the Breakup of Rodinia to the Assembly of Gondwanaland
    Sedimentary Geology 294 (2013) 219–232 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Sedimentary Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sedgeo Invited review Neoproterozoic glaciations in a revised global palaeogeography from the breakup of Rodinia to the assembly of Gondwanaland Zheng-Xiang Li a,b,⁎, David A.D. Evans b, Galen P. Halverson c,d a ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS) and The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia b Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA c Earth & Planetary Sciences/GEOTOP, McGill University, 3450 University St., Montreal, Quebec H3A0E8, Canada d Tectonics, Resources and Exploration (TRaX), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia article info abstract Article history: This review paper presents a set of revised global palaeogeographic maps for the 825–540 Ma interval using Received 6 January 2013 the latest palaeomagnetic data, along with lithological information for Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins. Received in revised form 24 May 2013 These maps form the basis for an examination of the relationships between known glacial deposits, Accepted 28 May 2013 palaeolatitude, positions of continental rifting, relative sea-level changes, and major global tectonic events Available online 5 June 2013 such as supercontinent assembly, breakup and superplume events. This analysis reveals several fundamental ’ Editor: J. Knight palaeogeographic features that will help inform and constrain models for Earth s climatic and geodynamic evolution during the Neoproterozoic. First, glacial deposits at or near sea level appear to extend from high Keywords: latitudes into the deep tropics for all three Neoproterozoic ice ages (Sturtian, Marinoan and Gaskiers), al- Neoproterozoic though the Gaskiers interval remains very poorly constrained in both palaeomagnetic data and global Rodinia lithostratigraphic correlations.
    [Show full text]
  • Numerical Modelling of Mid-Crustal Flow Applied to Svecofennian Orogeny
    NUMERICAL MODELLING OF MID-CRUSTAL FLOW APPLIED TO SVECOFENNIAN OROGENY Master's thesis University of Helsinki Department of Geosciences and Geography Division of Geology and Geochemistry Hannu Lammi May 2015 Tiedekunta/Osasto Fakultet/Sektion – Faculty Laitos/Institution– Department Faculty of Science Department of Geosciences and Geography Tekijä/Författare – Author Hannu Lammi Työn nimi / Arbetets titel – Title Numerical Modelling of Mid-Crustal Flow Applied to Svecofennian Orogeny Oppiaine /Läroämne – Subject Geology Työn laji/Arbetets art – Level Aika/Datum – Month and year Sivumäärä/ Sidoantal – Number of pages Master's thesis May 2015 92 Tiivistelmä/Referat – Abstract This work explores the lateral spreading of hot, thick, Paleoproterozoic crust via a series of 2D thermo- mechanical numerical models based on two geometrical a priori models of the thickened crust: plateau and plateau margin. High Paleoproterozoic radiogenic heat production is assumed. The material viscosity is temperature-dependent following the Arrhenius law. The experiments use two sets of rheological parameters for the crust: dry (granite/felsic granulite/mafic granulite) and wet (granite/diorite/mafic granulite). The results of the modeling are compared to seismic reflection sections and surface geological observations from the Paleoproterozoic Svecofennian orogen. Numerical modelling is performed with Ellipsis, a particle-in-cell finite element code suitable for 2D thermo-mechanical modelling of lithospheric deformation. It uses Lagrangian particles for tracking material interfaces and histories, which allow recording of material P-T-t paths. Plateau-models are based on a 480 km long section of 65 km-thick three-layer plateau crust. In the plateau margin-models, a transition from 65 km thick plateau to 40 km thick foreland is imposed in the middle of the model.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Excursion BASE-Line Earth
    Geological Excursion BASE-LiNE Earth (Graz Paleozoic, Geopark Karavanke, Austria) 7.6. – 9.6. 2016 Route: 1. Day: Graz Paleozoic in the vicinity of Graz. Devonian Limestone with brachiopods. Bus transfer to Bad Eisenkappel. 2. Day: Visit of Geopark Center in Bad Eisenkappel. Walk on Hochobir (2.139 m) – Triassic carbonates. 3. Day: Bus transfer to Mezica (Slo) – visit of lead and zinc mine (Triassic carbonates). Transfer back to Graz. CONTENT Route: ................................................................................................................................... 1 Graz Paleozoic ...................................................................................................................... 2 Mesozoic of Northern Karavanke .......................................................................................... 6 Linking geology between the Geoparks Carnic and Karavanke Alps across the Periadriatic Line ....................................................................................................................................... 9 I: Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 9 II. Tectonic subdivision and correlation .............................................................................10 Geodynamic evolution ...................................................................................................16 Alpine history in eight steps ...........................................................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • Balkatach Hypothesis: a New Model for the Evolution of the Pacific, Tethyan, and Paleo-Asian Oceanic Domains
    Research Paper GEOSPHERE Balkatach hypothesis: A new model for the evolution of the Pacific, Tethyan, and Paleo-Asian oceanic domains 1,2 2 GEOSPHERE, v. 13, no. 5 Andrew V. Zuza and An Yin 1Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA 2Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, USA doi:10.1130/GES01463.1 18 figures; 2 tables; 1 supplemental file ABSTRACT suturing. (5) The closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the early Permian was accompanied by a widespread magmatic flare up, which may have been CORRESPONDENCE: avz5818@gmail .com; The Phanerozoic history of the Paleo-Asian, Tethyan, and Pacific oceanic related to the avalanche of the subducted oceanic slabs of the Paleo-Asian azuza@unr .edu domains is important for unraveling the tectonic evolution of the Eurasian Ocean across the 660 km phase boundary in the mantle. (6) The closure of the and Laurentian continents. The validity of existing models that account for Paleo-Tethys against the southern margin of Balkatach proceeded diachro- CITATION: Zuza, A.V., and Yin, A., 2017, Balkatach hypothesis: A new model for the evolution of the the development and closure of the Paleo-Asian and Tethyan Oceans criti- nously, from west to east, in the Triassic–Jurassic. Pacific, Tethyan, and Paleo-Asian oceanic domains: cally depends on the assumed initial configuration and relative positions of Geosphere, v. 13, no. 5, p. 1664–1712, doi:10.1130 the Precambrian cratons that separate the two oceanic domains, including /GES01463.1. the North China, Tarim, Karakum, Turan, and southern Baltica cratons.
    [Show full text]