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Revolution & Secession 1774-1783

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Revolution & Secession 1774-1783 Name:____________________________________ Class Period:_____ Revolution & Secession 1774-1783 APUSH Guide for American Pageant chapter 8 & AMSCO chapter 5 (1st half) (and a bit from chapter 9 Pageant) Directions Print document and take notes in the spaces provided. Read through the guide before you begin reading the chapter. This step will help you focus on the most significant ideas and information And as you read. Purpose These notes are not “hunt and peck” or “fill in the blank” notes. Think of this guide as a place for reflections and analysis using your noggin (thinking skills) and new knowledge gained from the reading. Mastery of the course and AP exam await all who choose to process the information as they read/receive. How did events from 1774 to 1776 ultimately lead to Revolution? This event helped lead to Revolution because…. The First Continental Congress of 1774 was a convention in Philadelphia, where a consultative body of 55 delegates (including Samuel Adams, John Adams, George Washington, and Patrick Henry) from twelve of the thirteen colonies met in response to the Intolerable Acts. The delegates produced several documents, including the Suffolk Resolves, a ringing Declaration of Rights and Grievances, and appeals to the British King. Most significantly, the congress formulated The Association. Though the American Revolution did soon follow the Continental Congress, the delegates' initial goal was to repeal Britain’s direct taxation, not to declare independence. Delegates agreed to meet again should the crown not recognize colonial rights. This event helped lead to Revolution because… The British were on their way to Lexington, Massachusetts to seize gunpowder and take care of Samuel Adams and John Hancock. When the British troops encountered the minutemen, the Americans refused to disperse and the British fired at them. Eight American minute-men were killed at the “Lexington Massacre” …The British then retreated at Concord, intimidated by the rough militia. Lexington and Concord were victories for the British. This event helped lead to Revolution because… In June 1775, colonists seized Breed’s Hill (now known as Bunker Hill). British troops (numbering 3,000 to the colonists 1,500) began a frontal assault on the hill, where they were mown down by the sharp shooting colonists. Eventually the colonists were forced to flee when they ran out of gunpowder. During the Second Continental Congress delegates from the colonies This event helped lead to Revolution because… met in Philadelphia after the Battle of Lexington and Concord in 1775. There were no feelings of wanting independence or separation from Britain. The delegates wrote to the king asking for fairer treatment and also came up with ideas on how to raise money for the colonies and create an army and a navy. One of the greatest achievements of the Second Continental Congress was electing George Washington as the head of the colonial army. Adopted by the Continental Congress, the Olive Branch Petition in July 1775 spoke of the colonists’ loyalty to Britain and begged Britain to make peace. It was unsuccessful due to the fighting from Bunker Hill and was scoffed at by the king. George Washington chosen as commander of Continental Army George Washington Strengths Weaknesses What was the main reason Washington was chosen? Oh! Canada! October 1775.. Why did Americans invade Canada? What was the ultimate result of the colonial attempt to take Canada? Evaluate the political and social impact of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense. The DOI Explain the purpose of the Declaration of Independence. Why is the Declaration of Independence often considered the most important document in American history? Patriots and Loyalists Loyalists: vs. Patriots: d Who were they? Who were they? What did they want? What did they want? How many were there? How many were there? How were they treated after they “lost” the war? In what ways was the American Revolution a minority movement? What role did African Americans and Native Americans play in the Revolution? Explain the significance of their efforts. WAR… Who? What? When? Where? Outcome Battle of Long Island Battle of Trenton Battle of Philadelphia Winter at Valley Forge Battle of Saratoga Battle of Yorktown Assess the validity of the following statement: The American Revolution would have been a failure had the French not supported the colonists. Assessment: __________________________ Valid? Invalid? Evidence to support your assessment: Evidence to support the opposing view: 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. Peace at Paris Explain the provisions of the Treaty of Paris, 1863. 1. 2. 3. 4. Vocab… to know and to analyze… to understand… Review the definitions, highlight key terms, and analyze the historical significance for each. When considering significance… think about what caused this… what effect did this have… what does this illustrate or show about this time or place? Terms Historical Significance During the Second Continental Congress delegates from the colonies met in Philadelphia after the Battle of Lexington and Concord in 1775. There were no feelings of wanting independence or separation from Britain. The delegates wrote to the king asking for fairer treatment and also came up with ideas on how to raise money for the colonies and create an army and a navy. One of the greatest achievements of the Second Continental Congress was electing George Washington as the head of colonial army. In May 1775 a tiny American force led by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold stormed and captured the British garrisons at Ticonderoga and Crown Point in New York. These forts contained a large store of gunpowder and artillery that would help with the later Bunker Hill. In June 1775, colonists seized Breed’s Hill (but it is now known as Bunker Hill). British troops (numbering 3,000 to the colonists 1,500) began a frontal assault on the hill, where they were mown down by the sharp shooting colonists. Eventually the colonists were forced to flee when they ran out of gunpowder. Adopted by the Continental Congress, the Olive Branch Petition in July 1775 spoke of the colonists’ loyalty to Britain and begged Britain to make peace. It was unsuccessful due to the fighting from Bunker Hill and was scoffed at by the king. After a period of bitter fighting that even involved the burning of the Virginia town of Norfolk, the British were forced to evacuate Boston during a day in March that later was called Evacuation Day. The British were later defeated twice by the Southern colonists as well. This day is still celebrated today. The book Common Sense by Thomas Paine helped to inspire the idea of republicanism in America. This concept stated that the power in a country should flow from the people and not from a monarch. It also stated that higher powers, such as governors and senators, should also derive their authority from popular consent. The idea of Republicanism repulsed some who believed in “natural aristocracy” and feared “leveling”. They believed that people with better education and good hereditary lineage deserved more say than the poorer class. They feared that with republicanism, the social classes would “level” out. On June 7, 1776, Henry Lee of Virginia moved that “these united colonies are, and of right out to be, free and independent states.” After debate, the motion was adopted July 2, 1776. The passage of Lee’s resolution was the formal “declaration” of independence. This was what all the colonists needed in order to break ties with Britain. “Tories” were people in America who were still loyal to the king and they were fiercely hated by the Patriots. One definition of a Tory given by the Patriots was “a thing whose head is in England and its body in America, and its neck ought to be stretched.” The Battle of Long Island took place during the summer and fall of 1776. During it, the Americans were easily routed by the English. Through a stroke of luck Washington managed to escape to Manhattan Island and finally managed to make it to the Delaware river. At Trenton on December 26, 1776, George Washington crossed the Delaware River for the second time and surprised and captured 1,000 Hessians who were sleeping off the effects of their Christmas celebration. This victory/campaign was known as Washington’s best military work. The British General Burgoyne was instructed to push down the Lake Champlain route from Canada. He was held off thanks to the heroic efforts of Benedict Arnold, whose tiny flotilla of ships managed to hold off a large British fleet. When Burgoyne was finally able to advance, his cumbersome army wandered the wilds of New York and Pennsylvania, until he finally had to surrender to American troops. At Saratoga (October 17, 1777), Burgoyne surrendered to Horatio Gates after being left by himself in New York. This was a major upset that revived the colonial cause and gained the support of France. The alliance of officially neutral European nations, later called the “armed nullity” by its organizer, Catherine II of Russia, the League of Armed Neutrality was passively hostile to Britain in its war against America by refusing to abide by certain blockades and threatening to retaliate if the British searched any of their ships. Despite their combining, the British army still outnumbered them. Benedict Arnold was an American general who, after encountering dissatisfaction with the colonial army, became one of the most well-known traitors in history. Though successful in his battles fighting for the colonists, Benedict Arnold was known for his greed and eventually collaborated with the British army, exchanging information on American tactics for money. He and British Major John Andre attempted to seize an American fort on the Hudson River, but their plans were thwarted, resulting in the hanging of Major Andre.
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