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Missouri Historical Revi Ew MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVI EW, CONTENTS A Day and Night With "Old Davy"j David R. Atchison Walter B. Stevens The Battle of Carthage Ward L. Schrantz Missouri, 1804-1828 j Peopling a Frontier State Hattie M. Anderson Missouriana Historical Notes and Comments Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY of MISSOURI VOL. XXXI JANUARY, 1937 No, 2 OFFICERS OF THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCHSTY OF MISSOURI, 1935-1938 *GE0RGE A. MAHAN, Hannibal, President. ALLEN McREYNOLDS, Carthage, First Vice-President. WALTER B. STEVENS, St. Louis, Second Vice-President. C. H. McCLURE, Kirksville, Third Vice-President, MARION C. EARLY, St. Louis, Fourth Vice-President. B. M. LITTLE, Lexington, Fifth Vice-President. JOHN T. BARKER, Kansas City, Sixth Vice-President. R. B. PRICE* Columbia, Treasurer. FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER. Secretary and Librarian. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1937 C. P. DORSEY, Cameron. WM. R. PAINTER, Carrollton. EUGENE FAIR, Kirksville. W. J. SEWALL, Carthage. THEODORE GARY, Kansas City. H. S. STURGIS, Neosho. HENRY J. HASKELL, Kansas City. JONAS VILES, Columbia. L. M. WHITE, Mexico. Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1938 T. H. B. DUNNEGAN, Bolivar. *JOHN ROTHENSTEINER, BEN L. EMMONS, St. Charles. St. Louis. STEPHEN B. HUNTER, E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville. Cape Girardeau. CHAS. H. WHITAKER, Clinton. ISIDOR LOEB, St. Louis. ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonville. Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1939 WILSON BELL, Potosi. JUSTUS R. MOLL, Springfield. CHARLES B. DAVIS, St. Louis. ELMER N. POWELL, FORREST C DON NELL, St. Louis. Kansas City. ELMER O. JONES, LaPlata. WM. SOUTHERN, Jr., HENRY KRUG, Jr., St. Joseph. Independence. CHARLES L. WOODS, Rolla. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-six trustees, the President and Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and President of the University of Missouri, constitute the Executive Committee. *Deceased THE MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW VOL. XXXI JANUARY, 1937 NO. 2 CONTENTS Page A Day and Night With "Old Davy": David R. Atchison 129 WALTER B. STEVENS The Battle of Carthage 140 WARD L. SCHRANTZ Missouri, 1804-1828: Peopling a Frontier State 150 HATTIE M. ANDERSON Missouriana 181 Historical Notes and Comments 203 Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks 240 FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Editor The Missouri Historical Review is published quarterly. It is sent free to all members of the State Historical Society of Missouri. Mem­ bership dues in the Society are $1.00 a year. All communications should be addressed to Floyd C. Shoemaker, The State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by con­ tributors to the magazine. "Entered as second-class matter at the postofflce at Columbia, Mis­ souri, under Act of Congress, October 3, 1917, Sec. 4Jf2.ft CONTRIBUTORS STEVENS, WALTER B., author and journalist, is Missouri's most prolific historical writer. He has held a number of important public positions, including the secretaryship of the Louisiana Purchase Exposi­ tion at St. Louis. He was formerly president of the State Historical Society. His home is in Burdick, Kansas. SCHRANTZ, WARD L., is an editorial writer on the Carthage Evening Press, During the Mexican border trouble he served on the border first with the regular army and later with Missouri troops. During the World War he was captain of Company A, 128th Machine Gun Battalion—the Carthage national guard company—during active operations, and later was major of the 130th Machine Gun Battalion. He is now a lieutenant- colonel of infantry in the Officers Reserve Corps. Colonel Schrantz is the author of the book, Jasper County, Missouri, in the Civil War. ANDERSON, HATTIE M., a native of Carroll county, Missouri, is now associate professor of history in West Texas State Teachers College at Canyon, Texas, She received an A. M. degree from the University of Missouri in 1920 and a Ph. D. degree from the same institution in 1935. A DAY AND NIGHT WITH "OLD DAVY": DAVID R. ATCHISON BY WALTER B. STEVENS "Old Davy?" One of the little group awaiting mail distribution at the Gower post office said, with rising inflection: "Old Davy?" And then the information was given that the home of David R. Atchison was "just out of town a ways." The time was a December morning of 1882. The in­ quirer was a young reporter from St. Louis. He carried a big book, fresh from the press, telling that a Missourian had at one time filled the office of president of the United States for twenty-four hours. Did Gower know it? Gower knew it. The smile went around. The tradition lived that when Senator Atchison came home from Washington in 1849 his neighbors asked him about having been president of the United States for one day. "Old Davy," whom William F. Switzler, the historian, remembered as "a man of imposing presence, six feet and two inches high, straight as an arrow, florid complexion, weighing about 200 pounds," drew himself up and said: "Gentlemen! That was the honestest administration this country ever had." The postmaster of Gower volunteered to show the way. And as he went he told that "the Senator did have a fine home but it burned some time ago. He built a smaller one and he lives comfortably. In the fire he lost his library and papers and letters, which must have been very valuable for the biggest men in the country used to correspond with him and ask his advice. Some of his neighbors were sympathizing with him about the fire, and what did he say but—1 wouldn't have cared so much if it hadn't been for the sausages. I'd just killed my hogs and had all of the sausages in the cellar/ "I tell you 'Old Davy' is a philosopher," the postmaster continued. "You'll find he will treat you hospitably. He's getting old and never leaves the house, but he reads the papers and is well informed on current events. The Civil war didn't ( 129) 130 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW sour him, as might be supposed. He likes to talk. Got any family? No, not a child in the world. Been a bachelor all of his life. But he has his brother's children with him. There's his house." The postmaster pointed over the cornfields and meadows to a sightly knoll covered with small timber in the midst of which was dimly outlined a farm house. "It will save you distance if you go across lots. The road goes around." Rossiter Johnson listed David R. Atchison among his Notable Americans, which was accepted biography two generations ago; he said of him: In 1843 he was elected United States Senator and was reelected in 1849, retaining his seat until 1855. During the period he officiated frequently as president pro tempore of the Senate and by virtue of that position was President of the United States on March 4, 1849. Inaugu­ ration day falling on Sunday of that year, General Taylor was not sworn into office until March 5. Through eighty years this tradition prevailed, until a de­ bunking generation arrived. And now the Dictionary of American Biography says of David R. Atchison: He was elected president pro tempore of the Senate sixteen times between August, 1846, and November, 1854, when he resigned. By virtue of this position it has been asserted that Atchison was President for one day, when the 4th of March, 1849, fell on Sunday, and Zachary Taylor did not take the oath of office until the day following. But this has been shown to be without foundation. What was the situation in Washington that Sunday, March 4, 1849? What did the president of a day think? What did he do? The editor of the Globe-Democrat, Joseph B. McCullagh, thought well enough of the prospect in 1882 to send a reporter across Missouri to get the answers. "Well sir," Senator Atchison began, "I'll tell you how that occurred. Polk's term expired on the 3rd of March, in 1849. The 4th of March, on which at noon the president usually takes his office, fell upon Sunday, and there was no inaugura­ tion until noon of Monday, the 5th, General Taylor preferring to wait rather than take the oath on Sunday. So there was an interregnum, you see. At that time the presiding officer of A DAY AND NIGHT WITH "OLD DAVY" 131 the Senate was the one in natural succession if there was no president or vice-president. Some of them joked about my presidency and made application for cabinet places. I recol­ lect Senator Mangum, of North Carolina, suggested that I make him secretary of state. As for myself, I went to bed. There had been two or three busy nights finishing up the work of the Senate, and I slept most of that Sunday." Taking the matter in a more serious light, he said: "Cor­ rectly speaking there was no president of the United States that Sunday. As to the presidency of the Senate there has arisen some question about the time for which that officer is chosen. My own understanding is that it is for the session. That was the way I construed it then. Some difference of opinion was expressed by senators at the commencement of one session in my time and I held that a president pro tempore must be elected. Some new senators were to be sworn in. We chose Senator Cass, who was one of the oldest senators, and he pre­ sided, performing the duty. Afterwards he offered a motion that I be reelected president and it was carried unanimously. I went according to my belief of what was constitutional and legal. It would be better if that principle obtained in these latter days.
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