Thai Basil, Ocimum Basilicum

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Did You Know? Thai Basil, Ocimum basilicum • Thai basil is not one plant, but rather a group of cultivars of sweet or Italian basil. It is distinguished by purple stems and inflorescence, narrow leaves, and an aroma that is spicier than that of sweet basil. • ‘Siam Queen’, a cultivar named All America Selections Winner in 1997, has ornamental and culinary qualities. Its late season purple flowers appear on a bushy two-foot plant. Other varieties of Thai basil include: ‘Queenette’, ‘Thai’, ‘Thai Magic’, and ‘Sumatran’. • Cold damage can begin when temperatures fall below 50˚F so final harvest should be complete before evening temperatures fall into that range. Likewise, basil must be stored above 41˚ to prevent the blackened leaves of cold injury. Cut stems in water left at room temperature is ideal. • Thai cuisine includes several types of basil including Thai basil, holy basil (O. tenuiflorum), and lemon basil (O. ×citriodorum). • The thicker leaf of Thai basil withstands the heat of cooking a better than sweet basil and is used in soups, stir-fries, and curries. It can also be used in spring rolls, salads, salad dressings, and even in cocktails. • Thai basil can be incorporated into ornamental plantings to take advantage of the attractive inflorescence. For improved harvest however, allow only a few stems to mature with flowers and pinch the majority back to encourage leaf growth. • Grow Thai basil in full sun but it will also tolerate part shade. It prefers soil that is lightly moist, slightly acidic, well drained and nutrient-rich. • Like other basils, it is best planted outdoors when the soil has warmed to 65-70˚F and the evening temperatures remain about 50˚F. • The Thai basil plant can be cut back to six inches tall when harvesting. ©2019 by The Herb Society of America www.herbsociety.org 440-256-0514 9019 Kirtland Chardon Road, Kirtland, OH 44094.

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Review Article
Ramaiah Maddi et al / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 10 (3), 2019 Review Article www.ijrap.net A REVIEW ON OCIMUM SPECIES: OCIMUM AMERICANUM L., OCIMUM BASILICUM L., OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM L. AND OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM L. Ramaiah Maddi *, Prathi Amani, Singam Bhavitha, Tulluru Gayathri, Tummala Lohitha Department of Pharmacognosy, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Amravati Road, Guntur – 522002, A.P., India Received on: 25/02/19 Accepted on: 05/05/19 *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.7897/2277-4343.100359 ABSTRACT Ocimum species (O.americanum, O.basilicum, O.gratissimum, and O.tenuiflorum) belongs to family Lamiaceae. It is also known as Tulsi. It is currently used as a traditional medicinal plant in India, Africa and other countries in the World. It is used in Ayurveda and in traditional Chinese medicine for treating different diseases and disorders like digestive system disorders such as stomach ache and diarrhea, kidney complaints, and infections, etc. Many researchers have investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of various Ocimum species and reported various activities like anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-hemolytic and also different phytoconstituents like essential oil, saponins, phenols, phlobatannins, and anthraquinones etc. Exploration of the chemical constituents of the plants and pharmacological activities may provide us the basis for developing new life-saving drugs hence this revieW may help the traditional healers, practitioners, researchers and students Who Were involved in the field of ethno pharmacology. Keywords: Ocimum species, Therapeutic uses, Biological activity, Phytoconstituents. INTRODUCTION varieties, as Well as several related species or hybrids Which are also called as basil. The type used commonly is typically called The name "basil" comes from Latin Word ‘Basilius’.
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Lamiaceae), with Emphasis on Taxonomic Implications
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HORTSCIENCE 53(9):1275–1282. 2018. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13156-18 To increase cultivation of holy basil in the southeastern United States, the first step is to evaluate available holy basil varieties to de- Variation in Growth and Development, termine which are most suited for commer- cial production. At present, growers typically and Essential Oil Yield between Two select varieties based on seed availability, market demand, and harvestable weight, and Ocimum Species (O. tenuiflorum and not necessarily on the presence or concentra- tion of biologically active compounds (Zhang et al., 2012). With medicinal herbs, O. gratissimum) Grown in Georgia an important consideration is the measurable Noelle J. Fuller1 difference in therapeutic constituents, such as Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant essential oils, that are indicators of quality and efficacy. For example, a notable phenolic Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602 compound found in holy basil essential oil is Ronald B. Pegg eugenol. It is a versatile molecule with application in many industries (Kamatou Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 et al., 2012). It has a spicy clove-like scent Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602 and has been shown to be therapeutically effective for neurological, inflammatory, al- James Affolter lergic, and immunological disorders (Bakkali State Botanical Garden of Georgia, 450 South Milledge, Athens, GA 30605 et al., 2008; Kamatou et al., 2012; Sen, 1993). Eugenol is largely extracted from natural David Berle sources, most commonly clove essential oil Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant (Eugenia caryophyllata), which has a gross Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602 market value of US$30–70 million annually for use in food and cosmetics (Bohnert et al., Additional index words.
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Part B Other Products Referred to in Article 2(1)
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