Experiências Culturais Do Tempo

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Experiências Culturais Do Tempo EXPERIÊNCIAS CULTURAIS DO TEMPO Mídia, Memória, Nostalgia e Tradição Ana Cláudia Gruszynski EttoreBruno Stefani Guimarães de Medeiros Martins GregórioMárcio Souzade Almeida Gonçalves Fonseca (Organizadores) s i a s r e v s n a r { olhares t EXPERIÊNCIAS CULTURAIS DO TEMPO Mídia, Memória, Nostalgia e Tradição Ettore Stefani de Medeiros Gregório de Almeida Fonseca (Organizadores) s sai r { olhares transve UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS Reitora: Sandra Regina Goulart Almeida Vice-Reitor: Alessandro Fernandes Moreira FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS Diretor: Bruno Pinheiro Wanderley Reis Vice-Diretora: Thais Porlan de Oliveira PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO Coordenadora: Ângela Cristina Salgueiro Marques Sub-Coordenador: Eduardo de Jesus SELO EDITORIAL PPGCOM Bruno Souza Leal Nísio Teixeira CONSELHO CIENTÍFICO Ana Carolina Escosteguy (PUC-RS) Kati Caetano (UTP) Benjamim Picado (UFF) Luis Mauro Sá Martino (Casper Líbero) Cezar Migliorin (UFF) Marcel Vieira (UFPB) Elizabeth Duarte (UFSM) Mariana Baltar (UFF) Eneus Trindade (USP) Mônica Ferrari Nunes (ESPM) Fátima Regis (UERJ) Mozahir Salomão (PUC-MG) Fernando Gonçalves (UERJ) Nilda Jacks (UFRGS) Frederico Tavares (UFOP) Renato Pucci (UAM) Iluska Coutinho (UFJF) Rosana Soares (USP) Itania Gomes (UFBA) Rudimar Baldissera (UFRGS) Jorge Cardoso (UFRB | UFBA) www.seloppgcom.fafich.ufmg.br Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, sala 4234, 4º andar Pampulha, Belo Horizonte - MG. CEP: 31270-901 Telefone: (31) 3409-5072 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) (eDOC BRASIL, Belo Horizonte/MG) Experiências culturais do tempo [recurso eletrônico]: E96 mídia, memória, nostalgia e tradição / Organizadores: Ettore Medeiros, Gregório de Almeida Fonseca – Belo Horizonte, MG: Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2020. Formato: PDF Requisitos de sistema: Adobe Acrobat Reader Modo de acesso: World Wide Web Inclui bibliografia ISBN 978-85-54944-39-1 1. Comunicação. 2. Cultura. 3. Memória – Aspectos sociais. I. Medeiros, Ettore. II Fonseca, Gregório de Almeida. CDD 302 Elaborado por Maurício Armormino Júnior – CRB6/2422 CRÉDITOS DO E-BOOK © PPGCOM/UFMG, 2020. CAPA E PROJETO GRÁFICO Atelier de Publicidade UFMG Bruno Guimarães Martins COORDENAÇÃO DE PRODUÇÃO Daniel Melo Ribeiro DIAGRAMAÇÃO Lucas Henrique Nigri Veloso Sumário Apresentação 9 Bruno Souza Leal Capítulo 1 13 As diretrizes jornalísticas sob o olhar da memória João Carvalho Capítulo 2 33 Rupaul’s Drag Race Herstory: a tradição seletiva do programa enquanto constituidora de repertórios Arthur Guedes Mesquita Capítulo 3 53 Disputas ideológicas de passados, conflitos políticos em torno da tradição: a emergência da identidade criança viada na contemporaneidade brasileira Ettore Stefani de Medeiros Capítulo 4 71 Meu amô, vamos ocupar a praça! O gesto de esperança no 1º Campeonato Interdrag de Gaymada em Belo Horizonte Roberto Alves Reis Capítulo 5 85 Lula preso ontem, amanhã: políticas da memória e a circulação do retrato de identificação policial de 1980 André Mintz Capítulo 6 105 Por uma história da “vida cotidiana das almas”: funções da memória em Vozes de Tchernóbil Igor Lage Capítulo 7 125 Axé music busca segundo sol em trilha sonora nostálgica de novela da TV Globo Marcela Tessarolo Capítulo 8 139 A busca pela nostalgia no filme Jurassic World como forma de conquistar o público Gregório de Almeida Fonseca Capítulo 9 151 Falando de um Impulso Utópico, numa Distopia: a partir da trilogia literária Jogos Vorazes Ana Carolina Almeida Souza Capítulo 10 165 O conceito de utopia em Ernst Bloch e Fredric Jameson Felipe Borges Capítulo 11 183 A ação no tempo e o tempo na ação: a temporalidade da participação das audiências por meio de hashtags no Twitter Juliana Lopes de Almeida Souza Índice dos autores 197 9 Apresentação Experimentos com as temporalidades na Comunicação Bruno Souza Leal De alguns anos para cá, pesquisadoras e pesquisadores brasileiros de diferentes filiações teóricas e institucionais – eu entre eles – têm desen- volvido uma crítica ao que entendem como uma “visada presentista” nos estudos em Comunicação no país. Ao mesmo tempo, vêm buscando desenvolver reflexões teórico-conceituais e análises num esforço de demonstrar a força seminal e a vitalidade de apreender distintos fenô- menos e processos comunicacionais sob a perspectiva das temporalidades. Um elemento fundamental nesse processo é o das chamadas “figuras de historicidade”, que podem ser definidas como termos que permitem, por um lado, dar acesso à multiplicidade das experiências temporais presentes nos fenômenos e processos e, por outro, resultam de construções teóricas típicas, consistentes e não raro sofisticadas. As “figuras de historicidade” são, assim, simultaneamente constructos teóricos e categorias analíticas e operacionais. Alguns exemplos são as figuras do “testemunho”, do “gênero”, da “memória” e do “contexto”. Há certamente muitas outras figuras de historicidade. Sendo algo recente no horizonte brasileiro, as temporalidades como um problema 10 EXPERIÊNCIAS CULTURAIS DO TEMPO para a Comunicação têm diante de si importantes e instigantes desafios. Afinal, não de se trata de fazer da Comunicação uma área da História, ainda que o diálogo entre as duas disciplinas seja vital. Não se trata também de fazer “História da Comunicação”, ao menos não em seu sentido mais tradicional. Aliás, mesmo essa “subárea” ainda está longe de atingir todo o seu potencial no país. Tomar as temporalidades como problema implica entender os fenômenos e processos comunicacionais como prenhes de experiências temporais diversas e até contraditórias; exige observar como eles se inserem e atuam nos tempos múltiplos e conflitantes das reali- dades sociais; demanda refletir sobre os modos como se inscrevem nas várias dimensões do “tempo histórico”; impõe ainda um deslocamento em relação a caminhos usuais de configurar problemas de pesquisa, cons- truir corpus analíticos e procedimentos metodológicos. E essas são apenas algumas implicações, exigências, imposições e demandas... No primeiro semestre de 2018, ofertei no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação da UFMG a disciplina obrigatória para o Doutorado, na linha de pesquisa “Textualidades Mediáticas”. Optei, naquele momento, por abordar as discussões em torno das temporalidades e constituir um percurso reflexivo que fazia um panorama de ao menos parte de seus desafios teóricos e metodológicos para a Comunicação. Ao longo de quatro meses, revisamos conceitos, perspectivas teóricas, metacategorias, implicações metodológicas e figuras como memória, tradição, contexto, entre outros. Foi sem dúvida um percurso intenso e, em certa medida, um tiro no escuro da minha parte, pois tinha consciência de que o tema era pouco familiar à maior parte de doutorandas e doutorandos – o que exigiria delas e deles um esforço extra –, e não era capaz de assegurar sua adesão à proposta. Pois bem: neste livro, estão reunidos 11 artigos de doutorandas e doutorandos que encararam, angustiaram-se e atuaram nesse percurso. Os assuntos tratados são os mais diversos – de diretrizes curriculares a filmes blockbusters, de música a livros, da gaymada e da criança viada a hashtags, reality shows, jornalismos. Há estudos teóricos, de exploração de diálogos e contraposições em torno de conceitos; há artigos eminente- mente analíticos; há trabalhos que se (des)equilibram entre o teórico e o crítico. Em todos, experimentos reflexivos consistentes, que abordam as temporalidades como um campo fértil para os estudos comunicacionais. APRESENTAÇÃO 11 Cada artigo configura a seu modo um aspecto, um fragmento, uma linha de reflexão sobre as temporalidades, contribuindo assim para a ampliação e o fortalecimento dessa temática. Como professor, sinto-me honrado por esses artigos que resultaram de alguns dos acertos das escolhas que fiz, em meio a dúvidas e descaminhos. Como pesquisador, fico instigado e estimulado. Ainda que muitos das pesquisadoras e dos pesquisadores aqui presentes não se definam como estudiosos das temporalidades, a publicação deste livro indica sua sensi- bilidade e sua abertura. Aos leitores, desejo o mesmo: na diversidade de estudos aqui presentes, um encorajamento ao pensamento livre, à inquie- tude intelectual e ao exercício crítico típico das Humanidades. Em tempos difíceis ou de fartura, de crescimento ou retroação, resistir é necessa- riamente abrir-se, renovar-se, cultivar, refletir sobre passados, ampliar presentes, instituir horizontes. 12 13 Capítulo 1 As diretrizes jornalísticas sob o olhar da memória João Carvalho 1 Introdução De acordo com certo discurso sobre o jornalismo, este entra o século XXI em uma forte crise (NEVEU, 2009; BRASIL, 2009; LEAL; MANNA; JÁCOME, 2009). A perda do monopólio do dizer e fazer notícia afeta o campo em diversas dimensões: entre elas, a identidade do jornalista. Em seu artigo, Erick Neveu (2009) provoca ao apontar a possibilidade da notícia existir sem jornalistas. De forma semelhante, Luiz Gonzaga Motta (2002) aponta para uma crise dos modelos explicativos do jornalismo que levam a possível ameaça a cultura profissional ao se integrar o jornalista como parte de um “nebuloso” campo de “funcionários da informação”. A ideia de crise no jornalismo não é nova (LEAL; MANNA; JÁCOME 2009) e é parte na verdade da lógica do discurso sobre o jornalismo. O campo está constantemente ameaçado, impedido de funcionar corretamente, há sempre algo que o deforma. A diferença entre as demais crises e a atual é que antes não se colocava em questão a própria função, ou existência, do jornalismo,
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