DOCSLIB.ORG

Tudeh News International Bulletin of the Tudeh Party of Iran – April 2013 - No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tudeh News International Bulletin of the Tudeh Party of Iran – April 2013 - No Tudeh News International Bulletin of the Tudeh Party of Iran – April 2013 - No. 281 International Dept. Address: BM Box 1686, London, England, WC1N 3XX Fax: (Berlin: 324-1627) (London: 208-392-2653) e-mail: [email protected] - URL: http://www.tudehpartyiran.org ascending curve. Two years ago the deficit of a New Iranian Year, High household was more than the 2 years before that...” Prices, Inflation, Economic ...This gap must be carefully reviewed because in those mentioned 2 years, factors like the Pressure, and Continuing implementation of “targeted subsidies” and Concerns of the Working economic sanctions did not exists. Even before the “targeted subsidies” the income-expense gap in People working families was around $156 [as a reference: (From "Nameh Mardom", Central Organ of the Tudeh Party of the minimum wage for the current year is $152]. Iran No. 917, 25th March 2013) ormally at the end of a year and the start of a At that time, although there was no sanctions and new year, everyone expects that the hope for elimination of subsidies, but the astronomical oil the improvement of the socio-economic income was in place... Since the Central Bank NN reports are published one year later, we have to circumstances of the people, would present positive outlooks. Although during the 30+ years of the rule wait another year to see the data for this past year. of the theocratic regime in Iran such perspectives has In another report, the Central Bank published the price indices for consumer goods and services in been a great yet unachievable expectation, but negative and worrying developments in the past few urban areas of Iran, which attests to the living years and particularly since the implementation of condition of the people. According to this report, only in “seven months of last year, the index the anti-people plan of “targeted subsidies” [i.e. elimination of subsidies] and escalation of increased by 27% compared to the same period in imperialist sanctions (under the pretext of the nuclear the year before.” Also, “the inflation in the period ending the end of summer of last year is 24.9%”. program of the Islamic regime), has created even broader and more extensive problems and concerns The alarming point is that the fluctuation of prices compared to previous years, which will undoubtedly is noticeable compared to the month before, let alone comparing to the same month in the last continue in the New Iranian Year (starting March 21st). There is no promising sign based on which an year. For example, the Report reads: “in the first optimistic analysis could be possible. It is exactly month of the autumn, the price index of food and beverage increased by 4.1% compared to the due to this situation that a brief browsing through the domestic and international media would reveal previous month.” Such an increase in only one sensitivity to these problems and concerns. month is a very telling fact. The concern is that these increases impact the most immediate needs About the situation of the working people of our nation in the last year, the data published by the of the people, including food, beverage, housing, official organs of the regime, and not guesswork and utilities, health care and transportation. Compared to the same period in the last year, there has been a unofficial information, clearly shows that the mounting pressure not only has not declined, but its price increase of 42% in food and beverage, 45% growing process is very concerning. The Central in clothing and shoe, 15% in housing and utilities, and 25% in health care. The Report categorized the Bank report published in early March lists the level of incomes and expenses of the people in the year percent change in price index on a basis of month- before last. Donyaye Eghtesad (World of Economy) over-month for each province as well. The least increase was 3.4% in Lorestan, and the highest paper wrote about this report: “in the past 3 years, the gap between income and expense has had an increase was in Hormozgan with 7%, which shows Tudeh News, International Bulletin of the Tudeh Party of Iran April 2013 - No. 281 Page 1 of 6 a similar trend across the country... Comparing to Hormozgan provinces. The growth of parasitic Hormozgan [a smaller province] price increase index operations and businesses in Iran’s economy has in Tehran [where the capital city is] during the same definitely had an adverse impact, even in local month was 4%... Normally this was the other way economies of various areas across the country. around, and usually the large cities and particularly Another example is the bad news we hear about the capital cities experience higher fluctuations. To the tea-farmers, which is due to the same better understand the depth of the economic disaster approaches among the higher officials of the in Iran, let’s compare the price of one food item. regime. The same is true about the rice-farmers of According the report of the Central Bank, the the Northern provinces. In January there was a percentage change of the price index compared to report in Ebtekaar paper on the occasion of the the previous month for fish and sea food was 612.8 death of the “King of Sugar”. Ebtekaar wrote: in Hormozgan while 445.8 in Tehran. The province “Iran’s ‘King of Sugar’ purchased many of the of Hormozgan traditionally has been one of the main sugar manufacturing factories by getting millions fishing cores and many of the local people work in of dollars bank facilities such as so-called ‘crisis fishing and other related industries. The main dish of loans’ with very small or no interest. Then after a the people in this province is naturally seafood... The few months he claimed bankruptcy, laid off all the same trend could be seen in the northern province of workers, and started building construction on the Mazandaran as well. This precarious phenomenon land of the factories and pocketed millions more.” might possible be related to the economic Certainly the “King of Sugar” is not the only person who took this devastating approach. In the theocratic regime of Iran this has become a normal phenomenon... The presence of astronomical cash in the society that belongs to these parasitic groups and is in no way utilized in productive businesses is due to such approaches. In January, Bahar paper quoted a member of the Industry and Mining Commission of the parliament that: “according to a recent report of the Research Centre of the parliament, about 70% of industrial plants, whether state or privately owned, have been closed down.” Mentioning that besides the problem of securing raw material, the production units in the country are faced with other challenges as well, he counted shortage of cash in industry as one of these challenges. Another paper quoted Alireza Mahjoub in February that out of each 10 manufacturing approaches of the regime in the past which has been plant, 8 are in crisis. And yet another report in heavily founded on non-productive and parasitic Bahar paper in early March about economic course modes... Those who follow up the economic and its impact on the working people of the nation situation in Iran are well aware that debt (loan) noted: “It is true that in those years the motto of payment to banks is one of the problems that the the economic planners was to care for regime is facing. Donyaye Eghtesad, referring to marginalized economic strata like workers, but the about $22 billion that are owed to the banks, wrote: political polices were drafted and implemented in a “much of these debts are due to hefty loans that have way that workers and other marginalized groups not been utilized in the manufacturing and were penalized more than all others by these production sector and this is the result of the policies. There is no doubt that in today’s world weakness of the government’s monitoring system workers can enjoy a desired and relative welfare and inefficient power of the banking system.” Such only in a manufacturing-based economy.” In approaches will lead to phenomena which were February, Fararou website quoted the Statistical noticed in comparative statistics between Tehran and Center of Iran that “67 to 76% of all unemployed Tudeh News, International Bulletin of the Tudeh Party of Iran April 2013 - No. 281 Page 2 of 6 are the youth between 15 to 29 years of age.” Such Press Release of the Secretariat of the Central economic disasters do not happen without the Committee of the Tudeh Party of Iran on: knowledge and approval of the highest ranks of th power in the regime. Ali Khamenei [the Supreme Holding the 6 Party Congress Leader] in a speech reported in summer of 2012 he 6th congress of the Tudeh Party of Iran confirmed such policies by saying that “if the was convened with participation by cadres, policies of the Article 44 of the Constitution are T party officials, and members of the central T th implemented as it was meant to [i.e. privatization] it committee. The 6 congress began its work with a will certainly not lead to despicable capitalism, and minute of silence in honor of the party martyrs and capitalism becoming the axis of decisions in the all those who have lost their lives for the liberation country... we must be careful not to allow the of the nation. The delegates then discussed and socialist outlooks become the dominant economic exchanged views and comments about the New views.” There is no doubt that Iran’s economic Program of the party and after some revisions, plans are not socialist, and it must be said that they ratified it.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An International Armed Conflict of Low Intensity
    THE WAR REPORT THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN: AN INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT OF LOW INTENSITY Aeria view of the Persian Gulf, © NASA DECEMBER 2019 I MILOŠ HRNJAZ THE GENEVA ACADEMY A JOINT CENTER OF Iranian Prime Minister, Mohammed Mosaddeq, pushed CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONFLICT for nationalization of the oil fields and the Shah signed The United States of America and the Islamic Republic of this decision. The response of the British was harsh as they Iran were engaged in an international armed conflict (IAC) saw oil from Iran as a strategic interest. Both Iranians and in June 2019 by virtue of Iran’s shooting down a US military the British expected the support of the US. The Americans drone and the alleged counter cyber-attack by the US. pushed Britain to cancel plans for a military invasion, so the British decided to look for alternative ways to overthrow Mosaddeq. The new US administration wasn’t impressed HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT with Mosaddeq either (especially his flirting with the USSR and the communist Tudeh Party of Iran), so it decided to BACKGROUND actively participate in his overthrow and arrest. This was It has been more than 160 years since the first Treaty perceived by Iranians as the ultimate betrayal by America of Friendship and Commerce was signed between Iran and the event played an important role in the development and the US, exactly 140 years since the first US warship of Iranian political identity and anti-Americanism since entered the Persian Gulf and almost 140 years since Iran then.5 Mosadeqq became the brave figure who represented (Persia) and the US established diplomatic relations.1 Since the fight for independent Iran, free from the influence of then, their relationship has oscillated between cooperation the West.
    [Show full text]
  • PUBLISHER S Iranian Opposition to the Shah
    HAH S Guide Iranian Opposition to the Shah Advisor: Wolfgang H. Behn Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin RANIAN OPPOSITION TO THE I AIDC PUBLISHERP U R L 1 5H E R S S BRILLB RI LL WolfgangWolfgang H.H. Behn,Behn, StaatsbibliothekStaatsbibliothek Preussischer Preussischer Kulturbesitz,Kulturbesitz, BerlinBerlin GuideGuide to the microform collection collection IDC numbersnumbers NE-1550NE-1550 - NE-1578 NE-1578 MU IDCIDC PUBLISHERSPUBLISHERS 1988 The Iranian opposition to the Shah The overthrow of the Shah came as a great surprise, even to many Iranists, in spite of the fact that the revolution had been in the air in Tehran long before this was realized in the West. More enigmatic than the Islamic revolution itself were the aims of its supporters, although most of the opposition groups had explicitly stated their objectives in their publications long before the revolution. But the tightening censorship in Iran had forced the whole spectrum of the opposition to publish abroad. The evasive nature of dissident literature makes bibliographical control, and acquisition in general, extremely difficult. In the case of the Iranian revolution we are fortunate that "W.H. Behn has taken on the formidable task of listing (in his bibliographies) every publication of an anti-Pahlavi nature in Persian, or in other languages about Iran, published outside Iran between 1962 and the establishment of the Islamic Republic in 1979. The measure of his success is that he has amassed a total of some 800 books and pamphlets... [The ] work... will be an indispensable tool for anyone studying the recent history of Iran and the sources of the opposition to the Shah that led to the revolution of 1979" (Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating the Centenary of the Communist Party of Iran
    Celebrating the Centenary of the Communist Party of Iran Document of the Enlarged Plenary Meeting of Central Committee (Feb. 2020) Dear Comrades, June 2020 marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of Iran. Although the seeds of the labour and social democracy movement in our homeland were planted and grown during the Constitutional Revolution (1906) - and had a decisive impact on its development and victory - the Iranian labour and communist movement in the form of an organised and cohesive party formally began in June 1920 with the founding of the Communist Party of Iran led by the prominent figure of the Constitutional Revolution, Haydar Amo-Oghli (also known as Haydar Khan). The history of the left and Marxist ideas in Iran dates back to the late 19th century and early 20th century. With the rapid growth of industry and the development of the capitalist mode of production, Marx’s teachings found their way to Iran. The social and political arena of that period could be summarised, within the historic development of Iranian society, as the transition from feudalism to capitalism. The nascent capitalism of that time was growing, albeit sluggishly, while in parallel the birth and formation of the working class was taking shape. In the late 19th century, under the influence and impact of progressive left-wing views, the anti- dictatorship struggle grew significantly, and a growing number of people began to join the revolutionary struggle. Abdolhossein Agāhi, our martyred comrade and a prominent historian, wrote in his book, “The History of [political]Parties in Iran”, about the growth of socialism in Iran: “For the first time in Iran, in [an edition Figure 1: Haydar Amo- Ogghli, Leader of the of] the newspaper “Iran” (March 1917) an article from Communist Party of Iran, 1920 “Akhtar” newspaper (printed in Istanbul) - [originally published] on the occasion of the 9th anniversary of the Paris Commune (March 18, 1871) - [was reprinted] in which socialist ideas were introduced [to Iran].
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Social Reasons for Defeating Political Parties in Iran Between the Years of 1942-1954
    EVALUATION OF THE SOCIAL REASONS FOR DEFEATING POLITICAL PARTIES IN IRAN BETWEEN THE YEARS OF 1942-1954 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Mottov of $t|iIos;opIip IN SOCIOLOGY BY Naser Haghi Ghareh Darvishlou UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Dr. Mohammad Akram DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (IIMOIA) 2012 -S5LM9 Political parties appeared on the scene when actions of an erstwhile political system attained a point of complexity that needed the introduction of a new political setup. Usually, political parties emerge when different classes of society become aware of their own interests, and the people of a country want the right to take part in political issues. The nineteenth century was an important phase in Iranian history, wherein political, social and economic corruption were the most obvious problem that Iranians faced. Tremendous increases of such problems have been the reason for the occurrence of all revolutions and reforms in Iran. With the allied occupation of Iran and the exile of Reza Shah, social chaos increased in the 1940s. Also, as a resuU of the Second World War, and because of the lack of a steady government, the country was led to anarchy. This problem offended Iranians more when they became aware of the degree and speed of development in the western countries. When Iranian intellectuals came into direct contact with western countries, they tried to regenerate the political structure of their own country to bring about political stability. After Reza Shah, especially between 1942 and 1954, there came a unique historical opportimity for Iranian elites to form a democratic political structure, whereas during the reign of Reza Shah, political parties and other active groups had been inactive.
    [Show full text]
  • Marxists Into Muslims: an Iranian Irony Abdolrahim Javadzadeh Florida International University, [email protected]
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@Florida International University Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-13-2007 Marxists into Muslims: An Iranian Irony Abdolrahim Javadzadeh Florida International University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Javadzadeh, Abdolrahim, "Marxists into Muslims: An Iranian Irony" (2007). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 36. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/36 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida MARXISTS INTO MUSLIMS: THE IRANIAN IRONY A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh 2007 To: Interim Dean Mark Szuchman College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh, and entitled Marxists into Muslims: The Iranian Irony, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. ____________________________________ Douglas Kincaid ____________________________________ Mohiaddin Mesbahi ___________________________________ Barry B. Levine, Major Professor Date of Defense: November 13, 2007 The dissertation of Abdolrahim Javadzadeh is approved. ___________________________________ Interim Dean Mark Szuchman College of Arts and Sciences ____________________________________ Dean George Walker University Graduate School Florida International University, 2007 ii © Copyright 2007 by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Performing and Remembering Subnational Internationalism in the Age of Developed Socialism
    Asymmetries of Internationalism: Performing and Remembering Subnational Internationalism in the Age of Developed Socialism TIMOTHY NUNAN In 1976, Dushanbe’s community of some 150 Iranian socialists traveled 28 kilometers into the mountains to attend the opening of a resort for the exclusive use of the Iranian community in the Tajik SSR. The resort reflected the initiative of several members of the Tudeh Party of Iran exiled to Dushanbe.1 As one exile noted, “on Saturdays and Sundays, more than fifty to sixty Iranian emigrants gathered there with their families. This resort took on the name “Iran Zone” (Iran Zon/Mantaqah-ye Iran).”2 The opening of “Iran Zone” was but one chapter in a long history of exchange between the Persian-speaking lands of the Tajik SSR, Iran, and Afghanistan during the twentieth century. The Soviet Union had sponsored the creation of Tajikistan as a Union Republic in 1929 partly to offer Iranians and Afghans a socialist model. And against the background of the Tajik SSR’s transformation into a “laboratory of socialist development” in the 1960s, Dushanbe also become a place of refuge and education for Iranian and Afghan socialists.3 The opening of a complex like I would like to thank the Volkswagen Foundation and the German Research Foundation for their support. I am also grateful to both Siarhei Bohdan and Natasha Klimenko at the Free University of Berlin for their feedback on various iterations of this article, and to Kurt Schultz of The Russian Review for guiding this article into print. The author acknowledges support by the Freie Universität Berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • Azerbaijan Democratic Party: Ups and Downs (1945-1946)
    Revista Humanidades ISSN: 2215-3934 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Azerbaijan Democratic Party: Ups and Downs (1945-1946) Soleimani Amiri, PhD. Mohammad Azerbaijan Democratic Party: Ups and Downs (1945-1946) Revista Humanidades, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020 Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=498060395015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/h.v10i1.39936 Todos los derechos reservados. Universidad de Costa Rica. Esta revista se encuentra licenciada con Creative Commons. Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 Costa Rica. Correo electrónico: [email protected]/ Sitio web: http: //revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/humanidades This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 International. PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative PhD. Mohammad Soleimani Amiri. Azerbaijan Democratic Party: Ups and Downs (1945-1946) Desde las ciencias sociales, la filosofía y la educación Azerbaijan Democratic Party: Ups and Downs (1945-1946) Partido Demócrata de Azerbaiyán: altibajos (1945-1946) PhD. Mohammad Soleimani Amiri DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/h.v10i1.39936 University of Sapienza, Italia Redalyc: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa? [email protected] id=498060395015 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0554-6964 Received: 19 June 2019 Accepted: 23 November 2019 Abstract: Democratic Party of Azerbaijan's movement is one of the most important events in the history of Iran and the world. It was for the first time in the history of Iran that a political party seriously stressed the issue of autonomy. In addition, this movement as liberation movement prioritized several decisive and fundamental reform.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Co-Operated Communist Parties with the Communist Party of Sri Lanka
    List of co-operated Communist Parties with the Communist Party of Sri Lanka 1. Communist Party Of Abhazia 2. Communist Party Of Armenia 3. Communist Party Of Azerbaidjan 4. Japanese Communist Party 5. Communist Party Of India (Marxist) 6. Communist Party Of India 7. Communist Party Of Belarus 8. Communist Party Of Bangladesh 9. Communist Party Of Brazil 10. Communist Party Of Britain 11. New Communist Party Of Britain 12. Communist Party Of Bulgaria 13. Brazilian Communist Party 14. Party Of Bulgarian Communists 15. Communist Party Of Bohemia And Moravia, Czech Republic, 16. Communist Party Of Cuba, 17. Communist Party Of China 18. Communist Party Of Denmark 19. Communist Party Of Estonia 20. Communist Party Of Finland 21. French Communist Party 22. Unified Communist Party Of Georgia 23. Communist Party Of Greece 24. Hungarian Communist Workers' Party 25. Iraqi Communist Party 26. Communist Party Of Israel 27. Communist Party Of Kazakhstan 28. Party Of The Communists Of Kirgizia 29. Communist Party Of Latvia 30. Lebanese Communist Party, Lebanon 31. Communist Party Of Lithuania 32. Communist Party Of Macedonia 33. Party Of Communists Of Republic Of Moldova 34. Communist Party Of Nepal (Uml) 35. Communist Party Of Norway 36. Communist Party Of Pakistan 37. Palestinian Communist Party 38. Peruan Communist Party, Peru 39. Philippine Communist Party 40. Communist Party Of Poland 41. Portuguese Communist Party 42. New Communist Party Of Yugoslavia , Serbia, 43. Communist Party Of Slovakia 44. Communist Party Of South Osetia 45. Communist Party Of Spain 46. Sudanese Communist Party 47. Communist Party Of Sweden 48. Syrian Communist Party 49.
    [Show full text]
  • October 28, 1980 Winkelman
    Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified October 28, 1980 Winkelman, 'Information for the Politburo: General Communique of the Central Committee of the Tudeh Party of Iran and the Central Committee of the Iraq Communist Party' Citation: “Winkelman, 'Information for the Politburo: General Communique of the Central Committee of the Tudeh Party of Iran and the Central Committee of the Iraq Communist Party',” October 28, 1980, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, BStU, MfS, HA II, Nr. 32620. Obtained by Roham Alvandi. https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/134849 Summary: The Central Committees of the Iraqi Communist Party and Iranian Tudeh Party condemn Iraqi aggression against Iran, support Palestinian rights against what they view as "Zionist aggressors," and criticize American imperialism in the region. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Blavatnik Family Foundation. Original Language: German Contents: English Translation Department International Relations -80- Berlin, October 28th 1980 Etz/M Internal to the Party 49 cop., 4 pages 10 cop., 4 pages Information for the Politburo Subject: General communique from the Central Committee of the Tudeh Party of Iran and the Central Committee of the Iraq Communist Party (Published on 23.10.1980 in Tehran in the Central Organ of the Tudeh Party of Iran, "Mardom") [Signature] Winkelmann Distributors 1st-30th Copies of the Politburo 31st-49th Copies of the Department of International Relations General communique of the Central Committee of the Tudeh Party of Iran and the Central Committee of the Iraq Communist Party The Iraq Communist Party and the Tudeh Party of Iran strongly condemn the agression of Saddam Hussein's clique agains the Islamic Republic of Iran! The agression of the Iraqi Baath Regime is framed by several earlier plots against the anti- imperialist and popular Iranian revolution and against the Islamic Republic of Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of the Dependency Relationship Between the Tudeh Party of Iran and the Soviet Union on the Contemporary Political Developments in Iran
    Journal of Geography, Politics and Society 2017, 7(1), 39–48 DOI 10.4467/24512249JG.17.005.6204 THE EFFECT OF THE DEPENDENCY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TUDEH PARTY OF IRAN AND THE SOVIET UNION ON THE CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL DEVELOPMENts IN IRAN Shokrollah Kamari Majin Institute of International Relations, Faculty of Journalism and Political Science, University of Warsaw, Żurawia 4, 00-503 Warsaw, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] Citation Majin S.K., 2017, The effect of the dependency relationship between the Tudeh Party of Iran and the Soviet Union on the con- temporary political developments in Iran, Journal of Geography, Politics and Society, 7(1), 39–48. Abstract Throughout the political history of Iran, after the World War II, the Tudeh Party has played a significant role as the mother of many other political parties in the last 75 years. This party has especially been the primary base for almost all parties with so- cialist and leftist tendencies. Without a doubt, the party’s establishment was inspired by the 1917 October Revolution in Russia and under a major influence of the Russian Communist Party. The aim of this paper is to show some of the consequences of such relationship between two actors within the international relations. Although it is more than two and half decades after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the consequences of its influence are still felt in the Iranian political space. In this paper, it is unavoidable to highlight this influence in order to open different angles of the discussion. Furthermore, the paper aims to show a political reliance on a foreign power can easily come in conflict with the responsibilities of a popular movement within the national framework.
    [Show full text]
  • Sociological Study of History of the Tudeh Party from 1941 Until 28 Mordad Military Coups in 1953
    Special Issue INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND December 2015 CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 Sociological Study of History of the Tudeh Party from 1941 until 28 Mordad Military Coups in 1953 Mohammad Reza Saeidi Far* MA in Sociology, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran *Corresponding Author [email protected] Milad Jahantab MA in Sociology, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran Abstract The aim of this study was sociological survey of history of Tudeh Party from 1941until the 28 Mordad military coup in 1953. After the fall of Reza Shah and the collapse of the twenty years Rezakhani tyranny, homeland political openness, again made it possible for Marxists survivor of the "CPI" along with "The Fifty-Three", the national elements and intellectual, to be freely the publisher of their long thoughts. Therefore, on the secound of October 1941 in the home of "Soleiman M. Eskandary" more than seventy of professional revolutionaries, communists, trade unionists, nationalist and liberal elements were assemble, to initiate new attempt on the Tudeh party. In the wake of the collapse of the dictatorship of Reza Shah in September 1941, Iran had the opportunity to achieve the revolution's ideals of democracy, sovereignty of law, social participation and political power. In this case, by taking advantage of the world situation, the political parties that are form of organized social forces and expressing desires and interests groups and social strata, emerged and took shape. The Tudeh Party of Iran was among the first parties, formed in political space of Iran that the conditions of its activity were provided, day after day expanded, and shortly became the most organized and widely party, was founded in Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • The Afghan Communists
    chaPter one the afghan communists shibirghan, the caPital of Jowzjan Province, is a remote and barren place, even by Afghan standards. To the north, Jowzjan borders on the Amu Darya River and Turkmenistan, a former part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.1 Shibirghan is a city of about 150,000 on a flat, dry plain that extends past the river into Central Asia. Most of the city’s population is made up of ethnic Uzbeks, with a minority of Turkmen; the province as a whole is 40 percent Uzbek and 30 percent Turkmen. Natu- ral gas has been exploited in the province since the 1970s, initially by a Soviet energy project. Shibirghan is on the Afghan ring road, the country’s main highway, which connects the country’s main cities. Shibirghan lies between the largest city in the north, Mazar-e Sharif, to the east and the largest city in the west, Herat. Since the 1980s Shibirghan has been the stronghold of Abdul Rashid Dostum, an Uzbek Afghan warlord who has played a complex role in the wars that have wracked Afghanistan since 1978. In 1998 Dostum was my host during a visit to Shibirghan. I had met him before, in my Pentagon office, where he had related his life’s journey to me. A physically strong and imposing man, he has an Asian appearance, a hint of his Mongol roots. That day he was dressed to look like a modern political leader, in a suit and tie. The notorious warlord was hosting a meeting of the North- ern Alliance, the coalition of Afghan parties that opposed the Taliban, in his hometown.
    [Show full text]