Announcement of the Founding of the Communist Party of Iran (MLM)
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An International Armed Conflict of Low Intensity
THE WAR REPORT THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN: AN INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT OF LOW INTENSITY Aeria view of the Persian Gulf, © NASA DECEMBER 2019 I MILOŠ HRNJAZ THE GENEVA ACADEMY A JOINT CENTER OF Iranian Prime Minister, Mohammed Mosaddeq, pushed CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONFLICT for nationalization of the oil fields and the Shah signed The United States of America and the Islamic Republic of this decision. The response of the British was harsh as they Iran were engaged in an international armed conflict (IAC) saw oil from Iran as a strategic interest. Both Iranians and in June 2019 by virtue of Iran’s shooting down a US military the British expected the support of the US. The Americans drone and the alleged counter cyber-attack by the US. pushed Britain to cancel plans for a military invasion, so the British decided to look for alternative ways to overthrow Mosaddeq. The new US administration wasn’t impressed HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT with Mosaddeq either (especially his flirting with the USSR and the communist Tudeh Party of Iran), so it decided to BACKGROUND actively participate in his overthrow and arrest. This was It has been more than 160 years since the first Treaty perceived by Iranians as the ultimate betrayal by America of Friendship and Commerce was signed between Iran and the event played an important role in the development and the US, exactly 140 years since the first US warship of Iranian political identity and anti-Americanism since entered the Persian Gulf and almost 140 years since Iran then.5 Mosadeqq became the brave figure who represented (Persia) and the US established diplomatic relations.1 Since the fight for independent Iran, free from the influence of then, their relationship has oscillated between cooperation the West. -
PUBLISHER S Iranian Opposition to the Shah
HAH S Guide Iranian Opposition to the Shah Advisor: Wolfgang H. Behn Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin RANIAN OPPOSITION TO THE I AIDC PUBLISHERP U R L 1 5H E R S S BRILLB RI LL WolfgangWolfgang H.H. Behn,Behn, StaatsbibliothekStaatsbibliothek Preussischer Preussischer Kulturbesitz,Kulturbesitz, BerlinBerlin GuideGuide to the microform collection collection IDC numbersnumbers NE-1550NE-1550 - NE-1578 NE-1578 MU IDCIDC PUBLISHERSPUBLISHERS 1988 The Iranian opposition to the Shah The overthrow of the Shah came as a great surprise, even to many Iranists, in spite of the fact that the revolution had been in the air in Tehran long before this was realized in the West. More enigmatic than the Islamic revolution itself were the aims of its supporters, although most of the opposition groups had explicitly stated their objectives in their publications long before the revolution. But the tightening censorship in Iran had forced the whole spectrum of the opposition to publish abroad. The evasive nature of dissident literature makes bibliographical control, and acquisition in general, extremely difficult. In the case of the Iranian revolution we are fortunate that "W.H. Behn has taken on the formidable task of listing (in his bibliographies) every publication of an anti-Pahlavi nature in Persian, or in other languages about Iran, published outside Iran between 1962 and the establishment of the Islamic Republic in 1979. The measure of his success is that he has amassed a total of some 800 books and pamphlets... [The ] work... will be an indispensable tool for anyone studying the recent history of Iran and the sources of the opposition to the Shah that led to the revolution of 1979" (Prof. -
Celebrating the Centenary of the Communist Party of Iran
Celebrating the Centenary of the Communist Party of Iran Document of the Enlarged Plenary Meeting of Central Committee (Feb. 2020) Dear Comrades, June 2020 marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of Iran. Although the seeds of the labour and social democracy movement in our homeland were planted and grown during the Constitutional Revolution (1906) - and had a decisive impact on its development and victory - the Iranian labour and communist movement in the form of an organised and cohesive party formally began in June 1920 with the founding of the Communist Party of Iran led by the prominent figure of the Constitutional Revolution, Haydar Amo-Oghli (also known as Haydar Khan). The history of the left and Marxist ideas in Iran dates back to the late 19th century and early 20th century. With the rapid growth of industry and the development of the capitalist mode of production, Marx’s teachings found their way to Iran. The social and political arena of that period could be summarised, within the historic development of Iranian society, as the transition from feudalism to capitalism. The nascent capitalism of that time was growing, albeit sluggishly, while in parallel the birth and formation of the working class was taking shape. In the late 19th century, under the influence and impact of progressive left-wing views, the anti- dictatorship struggle grew significantly, and a growing number of people began to join the revolutionary struggle. Abdolhossein Agāhi, our martyred comrade and a prominent historian, wrote in his book, “The History of [political]Parties in Iran”, about the growth of socialism in Iran: “For the first time in Iran, in [an edition Figure 1: Haydar Amo- Ogghli, Leader of the of] the newspaper “Iran” (March 1917) an article from Communist Party of Iran, 1920 “Akhtar” newspaper (printed in Istanbul) - [originally published] on the occasion of the 9th anniversary of the Paris Commune (March 18, 1871) - [was reprinted] in which socialist ideas were introduced [to Iran]. -
Evaluation of the Social Reasons for Defeating Political Parties in Iran Between the Years of 1942-1954
EVALUATION OF THE SOCIAL REASONS FOR DEFEATING POLITICAL PARTIES IN IRAN BETWEEN THE YEARS OF 1942-1954 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Mottov of $t|iIos;opIip IN SOCIOLOGY BY Naser Haghi Ghareh Darvishlou UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Dr. Mohammad Akram DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (IIMOIA) 2012 -S5LM9 Political parties appeared on the scene when actions of an erstwhile political system attained a point of complexity that needed the introduction of a new political setup. Usually, political parties emerge when different classes of society become aware of their own interests, and the people of a country want the right to take part in political issues. The nineteenth century was an important phase in Iranian history, wherein political, social and economic corruption were the most obvious problem that Iranians faced. Tremendous increases of such problems have been the reason for the occurrence of all revolutions and reforms in Iran. With the allied occupation of Iran and the exile of Reza Shah, social chaos increased in the 1940s. Also, as a resuU of the Second World War, and because of the lack of a steady government, the country was led to anarchy. This problem offended Iranians more when they became aware of the degree and speed of development in the western countries. When Iranian intellectuals came into direct contact with western countries, they tried to regenerate the political structure of their own country to bring about political stability. After Reza Shah, especially between 1942 and 1954, there came a unique historical opportimity for Iranian elites to form a democratic political structure, whereas during the reign of Reza Shah, political parties and other active groups had been inactive. -
A Critical and Comparative Analysis of Organisational Forms of Selected Marxist Parties, in Theory and in Practice, with Special Reference to the Last Half Century
Rahimi, M. (2009) A critical and comparative analysis of organisational forms of selected Marxist parties, in theory and in practice, with special reference to the last half century. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/688/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] A critical and comparative analysis of organisational forms of selected Marxist parties, in theory and in practice, with special reference to the last half century Mohammad Rahimi, BA, MSc Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD Centre for the Study of Socialist Theory and Movement Faculty of Law, Business and Social Science University of Glasgow September 2008 The diversity of the proletariat during the final two decades of the 20 th century reached a point where traditional socialist and communist parties could not represent all sections of the working class. Moreover, the development of social movements other than the working class after the 1960s further sidelined traditional parties. The anti-capitalist movements in the 1970s and 1980s were looking for new political formations. -
Letters to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) from the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA, 2005-2008 (With a Reply from the CPN(M), 2006)
On Developments in Nepal and the Stakes for the Communist Movement: Letters to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) from the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA, 2005-2008 (With a Reply from the CPN(M), 2006) Revolutionary Communist Party, USA January 29, 2009 Letter from the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) November 4, 2008 Letter from the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) March, 2008 Letter from the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) October 2005 Letter from the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) July 1, 2006 Letter from the Central Committee, Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) to the Central Committee, Revolutionary Communist Party, USA Appendices to October 2005 Letter from the RCP,USA to the CPN(M) “The Creative Development of MLM, Not of Revisionism”, excerpt from a talk by Bob Avakian, Chairman of the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA. “Some Further Thinking on: The Socialist State as a New Kind of State”, excerpt from a talk given by Bob Avakian, Chairman of the Revolutionary Communist Party, to a group of Party members and supporters in 2005. Article from Revolution #160, March 28, 2009. On Developments in Nepal and the Stakes for the Communist Movement: Letters to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) from the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA, 2005-2008 (With a Reply from the CPN(M), 2006), Editor’s Note: These letters are as they originally appeared with the exception of spelling and grammatical corrections and the deletion of a few citations internal to Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (RIM) publications. -
Marxists Into Muslims: an Iranian Irony Abdolrahim Javadzadeh Florida International University, [email protected]
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@Florida International University Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-13-2007 Marxists into Muslims: An Iranian Irony Abdolrahim Javadzadeh Florida International University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Javadzadeh, Abdolrahim, "Marxists into Muslims: An Iranian Irony" (2007). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 36. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/36 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida MARXISTS INTO MUSLIMS: THE IRANIAN IRONY A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh 2007 To: Interim Dean Mark Szuchman College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh, and entitled Marxists into Muslims: The Iranian Irony, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. ____________________________________ Douglas Kincaid ____________________________________ Mohiaddin Mesbahi ___________________________________ Barry B. Levine, Major Professor Date of Defense: November 13, 2007 The dissertation of Abdolrahim Javadzadeh is approved. ___________________________________ Interim Dean Mark Szuchman College of Arts and Sciences ____________________________________ Dean George Walker University Graduate School Florida International University, 2007 ii © Copyright 2007 by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh All rights reserved. -
Killing Hope U.S
Killing Hope U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II – Part I William Blum Zed Books London Killing Hope was first published outside of North America by Zed Books Ltd, 7 Cynthia Street, London NI 9JF, UK in 2003. Second impression, 2004 Printed by Gopsons Papers Limited, Noida, India w w w.zedbooks .demon .co .uk Published in South Africa by Spearhead, a division of New Africa Books, PO Box 23408, Claremont 7735 This is a wholly revised, extended and updated edition of a book originally published under the title The CIA: A Forgotten History (Zed Books, 1986) Copyright © William Blum 2003 The right of William Blum to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Cover design by Andrew Corbett ISBN 1 84277 368 2 hb ISBN 1 84277 369 0 pb Spearhead ISBN 0 86486 560 0 pb 2 Contents PART I Introduction 6 1. China 1945 to 1960s: Was Mao Tse-tung just paranoid? 20 2. Italy 1947-1948: Free elections, Hollywood style 27 3. Greece 1947 to early 1950s: From cradle of democracy to client state 33 4. The Philippines 1940s and 1950s: America's oldest colony 38 5. Korea 1945-1953: Was it all that it appeared to be? 44 6. Albania 1949-1953: The proper English spy 54 7. Eastern Europe 1948-1956: Operation Splinter Factor 56 8. Germany 1950s: Everything from juvenile delinquency to terrorism 60 9. Iran 1953: Making it safe for the King of Kings 63 10. -
In All the Major Political Developments in Twentieth-Century Iran, From
THE WORKING CLASS AND THE ISLAMIC STATE IN IRAN H A I D E H M O G H I S S I A ND S A E E D R A H N E M A n all the major political developments in twentieth-century Iran, from the Iconstitutional revolution of 1906–11 and the nationalization of the oil industry in early 1950s to the political upheavals of early 1960s and the 1979 revolution, workers were major participants and demonstrated a high level of militancy. However, governments of diverse persuasions, from the Pahlavis’ modernizing dictatorial monarchy to the liberal nationalists, and the Islamists’ pre-modern theocracy, have ignored workers’ legitimate demands and suppressed their dissent. Many factors account for this failure, not least of them being the qualitative and quantitative weaknesses of the working class—a result of the specific nature of capitalist development and industrialization in Iran. Because of its own internal weaknesses, the workers’ movement has depended historically on left social democratic and communist movements both organi- zationally and intellectually. In fact, socialist and communist ideas about the workers’ right to form unions and emancipate themselves preceded the emer- gence of the working class itself. Yet dependence on external leadership made Iranian workers susceptible to the theoretical and political wavering and internal conflicts of the country’s left intelligentsia. As well, the continuous suppression of the left by successive dictatorial regimes inevitably also affected the militancy and organizational efficacy of the working-class movement. In this context, it is reasonable to argue that the progress of the working-class movement has been and continues to be directly linked to the movement for democracy and social change. -
Two Lines Over Maoist Revolution in Nepal: Five Letters
TWO LINES OVER MAOIST REVOLUTION IN NEPAL FIVE LETTERS FROM THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF NEPAL (MAOIST) AND THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST PARTY, USA KASAMA ESSAYS FOR DISCUSSION Kasama is a communist project that, in theory and practice, fights for the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions. website: kasamaproject.org email: [email protected] Contents Letter of RCP, USA (January 2009) . 1 Letter of RCP, USA (November 2008) . 3 The Problem Is The Line Of The Party . .3 New Democracy & Socialism Are Stepping Stones On The Road To Communism . 4 The Election Miracle? . 7 “Without A People’s Army The People Have Nothing” . 7 Part Of The Rebirth Of Revolutionary Communism Or Part Of Its Burial? . 8 New Synthesis Or Tired Old Bourgeois Democracy? . 10 “Emancipators Of Humanity” Or Builders Of A New Switzerland? . 10 Two‑Line Struggle Or “Three Lines”? . 12 In Summation: Fight To Save The Revolution! . 14 Letter of RCP, USA(March 2008) . 17 Troubling Tactics In the Pursuit of a Wrong Ideological and Political Line . 19 What is the Goal–to “Restructure the State” or to “Smash It”? . 21 Bourgeois Democracy and New Democracy . 24 “Proportional” Bourgeois Democracy or the New‑Democratic System? . 26 Land to the Tiller . 28 On the Constitution and Class Rule . 29 Revolutionary Practice . 30 Who’s Fooling Whom? . 31 Arming the Masses with the Truth or Sowing Deliberate Confusion? . 32 Togliatti and Thorez . 34 Rewriting Party History . 35 More Reversal of Historical Verdicts . 36 The International Dimension . 37 “Combine Two into One” or “Divide One Into Two”? . 38 Eclecticism Defended . 40 Crux of the Matter–Ideological and Political Line . -
Performing and Remembering Subnational Internationalism in the Age of Developed Socialism
Asymmetries of Internationalism: Performing and Remembering Subnational Internationalism in the Age of Developed Socialism TIMOTHY NUNAN In 1976, Dushanbe’s community of some 150 Iranian socialists traveled 28 kilometers into the mountains to attend the opening of a resort for the exclusive use of the Iranian community in the Tajik SSR. The resort reflected the initiative of several members of the Tudeh Party of Iran exiled to Dushanbe.1 As one exile noted, “on Saturdays and Sundays, more than fifty to sixty Iranian emigrants gathered there with their families. This resort took on the name “Iran Zone” (Iran Zon/Mantaqah-ye Iran).”2 The opening of “Iran Zone” was but one chapter in a long history of exchange between the Persian-speaking lands of the Tajik SSR, Iran, and Afghanistan during the twentieth century. The Soviet Union had sponsored the creation of Tajikistan as a Union Republic in 1929 partly to offer Iranians and Afghans a socialist model. And against the background of the Tajik SSR’s transformation into a “laboratory of socialist development” in the 1960s, Dushanbe also become a place of refuge and education for Iranian and Afghan socialists.3 The opening of a complex like I would like to thank the Volkswagen Foundation and the German Research Foundation for their support. I am also grateful to both Siarhei Bohdan and Natasha Klimenko at the Free University of Berlin for their feedback on various iterations of this article, and to Kurt Schultz of The Russian Review for guiding this article into print. The author acknowledges support by the Freie Universität Berlin. -
2015-02-28 Collection of International Messages (2004-2014)
TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FORMATION OF CPI(MAOIST) COMMEMORATIVE VOLUME WORKERS OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE! LONG LIVE PROLETARIAN INTERNATIONALISM! INTERNATIONAL MESSAGES AND STATEMENTS Central Committee Communist Party of India (Maoist) FOREWORD As part of our endeavour to republish important party documents on the occasion of the celebrations of ten years of the formation of CPI(Maoist), we are bringing out here a compilation of international messages. This volume includes messages sent by our party to fraternal parties, messages sent to us by our fraternal parties and organisations from across the world as well as statements jointly issued by us with other parties over the past decade. Lenin had pointed out that true internationalism consists of carrying out the revolutionary tasks in one’s own country and supporting this, and only this line, in other countries. Our party, which is one of the detachments of international proletariat, is carrying out this directive as a foremost task of proletarian internationalism. To liberate the country from the clutches of imperialism and domestic reaction and in leading the people in revolution, our party strives resolutely to uphold the theory of MLM and to apply it creatively to the concrete practice of Indian new democratic revolution as an inseparable part of world socialist revolution. Close and lively fraternal relations with revolutionary parties and organisations of other countries is an important component of a Maoist party’s proletarian internationalist stand. Be it the messages exchanged on significant occasions and events, on major political developments or turns in the revolutionary movements of different countries, to share the joy of important victories or in the grief of sad losses, to affirm the solidarity of the proletarian parties and organisations and to express our shared objectives, etc., stand testimony to these profound feelings.