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Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database

Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature

Zeitschrift/Journal: Spixiana, Zeitschrift für Zoologie

Jahr/Year: 2003

Band/Volume: 026

Autor(en)/Author(s): Wojtusiak Janusz

Artikel/Article: The of the neotropical "Trocherateina" (Larentiinae) 207-208 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München;download: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at the valva to the tegminal area, provide possible erection of Deivuilia, together with possibly related synapomorphies of Angeronini with the H\/pioinecis- genera, to a separate . Thus, in\-olving the gen- like series of tribes. Genus Dcveiülia, which is super- italic musculature in taxonomic and phylogenetic ficially similar to Baptini members, has an arrange- research results in an increase of analysed charac- ment of male genitalia musculature that is quite ters, and enables the discovery of apomorphies for different from tvpical Baptini and unique for the relationships between morphologically diverse gen- examined Ennominae. A combination of apomor- era as well as for distinction in superficially homo- phic skeletal and muscie characters supports the geneous groups.

The species of the neotropical genus ''Trocherateina'''' (Larentiinae)

Janusz Wojtusiak

Wojtusiak, J. (2003): The species of the neotropical genus "Trocherateina" (Laren- tiinae). - Spixiana 26/3: 207-208

Dr. janusz Wojtusiak, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; e-mail: [email protected]

The present studies were aimed to examine mor- ture discovered in males of all species, except of phological and genitalic characters of all species of T. buckleyi Druce, is a peculiar scent organ situated Trocherateina to estimate their relation with the ge- in a concave fold made by the wing membrane near nus Erateina Doubleday. the basal part of CuA vein on the dorsal side of

According to recently published Geometrid forewings. Only very narrow slit visible between of the World catalogue edited by Malcolm the edge of the fold and the wing membrane marks

J. Scoble (1999), the Neotropical genus ''TrocJieratei- the way inside the organ. When the walls of the fold iia" (Larentiinae) consists of eight species. However, are pushed open, very small finger like scales pro- there is no published reference available, as well as jecting inwards are revealed. They probabh' serve no species was designated as a type species of "Tro- as a Containers for storage of a male pheromone. In cherateina". In the research coUection of the Natural addition a bunch of a very long, heavil}' sclerotized History Museum, London, the name of the genus hair like scales originating from the basal part of the was marked as a manuscript name proposed by vein R are hidden under the fold. They may serve as Prout to separate eight distinct species from the a surface for the evaporation of a male pheromone genus Erateina Doubleday where they have been when released from beneath the fold in the presence originally described. Of these eight species, four of a female. were described by Druce (bucklei/i, cyris, hermaea and The wings are triangulär in shape, slightly nar- necysia), two by Schaus (cachara and dclecta), one by rower in males than in females with black or dark Walker (specularia) and one by Felder & Rogenhofer brown background and large iridescent white, semi- (pohliatn). transparent Spots covering central parts of both In their geographical distribution species of "Tro- wings. By the contrast to black scales that are of clieratei)ia" occur at lower elevations in mountains typical shape and make ground colour of the wing, ranging from Mexico to Bolivia. One species (dclec- scales that cover white areas are strongh' bent up- ta) is probably endeniic to Costa Rica. The only two wards. No areole is present on forewings. known specimens (females) of this species were In male genitalia valvae are elongated, trapezoi- coUected at the elevation of 2300 m on Mt Poas. The dal or rounded with a pronounced, hardly sclero- other three (cachara, cyris and specularia) are distrib- tized thorn-like processes located at their ventral uted from Mexico to Guatemala at the elevation of part. In T. pohliata and T. cachara those processes are about 1000 m and the rcmaining four species occur asymetrical in both, the shape and length and occur from Venezuela to Bolivia with only T. hermaea rcach- on the ventral margin of the valvae. The asymetry ing the eIe\'ation of 2300 m. between the left and right valvae is also marked by One of the most striking morphokigical struc- differentlv sculptured surfaces. Uncus is beak like,

207 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München;download: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at

curved ventrally, and sharply ended. Vesica lacks sclerotized and twisted cuticular plate. The shape of spines and thoms. Signum and the shape of strongly sclerotized an- In female genitalia bursa copulatrix with very trum is species specific. large Signum that is forming an irregulär, heavily

Notes to the molecular phylogeny of the Geometridae

Evgeny A. Beljaev

Beljaev, E. A. (2003): Notes to the molecular phylogeny of the Geometridae. - Spixiana 26/3: 208

Dr. Evgeny A. Beljaev, Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, RF-690022, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]

Recent pilot research of the phylogeny of geometrids, ters keeping the genealogical Information. As to base on analysis of gene fragnients sequence data molecular phylogeny, at present, for most genes we

(Abraham et al. 2001), has revealed discouraging do not know the means of transformation of gene disharmony of molecular phylogeny of the , Information Info physiological, morphological and compared with that, based on morphological char- ethological characters. It occludes comprehension acters. Same disharmony is tracked for other fami- the biological meaning of differences between re- lies in . These results strongly actualize sults of molecular and morphological phylogenetic question on interrelationships of morphological and investigations. Both methods of phylogeny recon- molecular evolution, and induce a need of function- struction, morphological and molecular, need to be

al explanation of contradictions between morpho- developed parallel to each other and in close inter- logical and molecular cladograms. The morpholog- relation between them. ical method of the phylogeny reconstruction allows to Interpret the biological meaning of results of the investigation. The explanation is based on under- References standing of mechanical function, ecological or etho- logical significance of the morphological characters Abraham, D., Ryrholm, N., Wittzell, H., Holloway, J. D., are involved mto analysis. The Interpretation is need- Scoble, M. J. & C. Löfstedt 2001. Molecular Phylog- ed for clarification of the causes and trends of mor- eny of the in Geometridae (Geometro- phological transformation and Separation of charac- idea: Lepidoptera). - Mol. Phylo. Evol. 20(1): 65-77

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