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An Antillean Plant of Beauty, a French Botanist, and a German Name: Naming Plants in the Early Modern Atlantic World
Estonian Journal of Ecology, 2012, 61, 1, 37–50 doi: 10.3176/eco.2012.1.05 An Antillean plant of beauty, a French botanist, and a German name: naming plants in the Early Modern Atlantic world Laura Hollsten Faculty of Arts, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland; [email protected] Received 10 December 2010, revised 7 March 2011, accepted 27 June 2011 Abstract. This paper investigates the naming of plants in the work of the French botanist Charles Plumier (1646–1704). Plumier made three trips to the French Antilles between 1690 and 1697, was appointed royal botanist in 1693, and published his first work, Description des Plantes de l’Amérique, in the same year. Plumier was the first ‘modern’ botanist to describe the flora of the Caribbean in a time when natural history underwent significant qualitative changes as a result of the European expansion and transatlantic contacts. Plumier’s ambition was to replace the confusing multitude of names given to New World plants with a universal taxonomically based nomenclature. His modernity and scientific ethos manifest themselves in his neutral way of organizing the plants according to a taxonomic system and his use of a Latin nomenclature, often naming plants after well-known botanists. Through Plumier’s naming process, I argue, it is possible to highlight the colonial and Atlantic context of his work, his network as part of the scientific elite of his country, and his professionalism resulting from years of botanical studies. Key words: history of botany, early modern natural history, plant nomenclature. INTRODUCTION According to a story entitled ‘The Tree of Riches’, the French botanist Charles Plumier decided that he would like to travel the world and get rich (Pellowski, 1990). -
Botany in Medieval and Renaissance Universities
Botany in Medieval and Renaissance Universities Karen Meier Reeds Garland Publishing, Inc. New York & London 1991 Contents List of Illustrations Preface Note on Names and Texts 1. The Character of Botany in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance 3 Introduction 3 The Community of Botanists 7 Botany and the Reformation 13 Ancient Sources of Renaissance Botany 14 Looking at Plants 24 Learning from Druggists and Herbalists 24 Emending Classical Texts 26 Drawing Plants from Nature 28 Collecting Plants 33 Conclusion: Anatomy and Botany 36 2. Botany at the University of Montpellier in the Middle Ages and Renaissance 39 Introduction 39 The Study of Simples at the Medieval University 41 The Reformation, Humanism, and the University 47 \ Guillaume Rondelet (1507-1566) and Botany at Montpellier 51 Rondelet's Training as a Doctor and Naturalist 51 Rondelet and Formal Botanical Instruction 56 Rondelet and His Students 63 Botany at Montpellier between Rondelet's Death and Richer de Belleval's Appointment 72 Under Chancellor Antonius Saporta (1566-1573) 72 Under Chancellor Joubertus (1573-1583) 74 Under Chancellor Joannes Hucherus (1583-1603) 78 Pierre Richer de Belleval, Regent Professor of Anatomy and Botany, Founder of the Jardin du Roy at Montpellier 80 Conclusion 91 viii Contents 3. Botany at the University of Basel in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Century 93 Introduction 93 The University Reformers and Botany 96 Paracelsus at Basel (1527) 99 Informal Botanical Activities 104 Books 104 Gardens 106 Ties with Foreign Botanists 108 Formal Botanical Instruction 110 Caspar Bauhin (1560-1624), First Professor of Anatomy and Botany at Basel 111 Early Life and Education 111 Bauhin as a Teacher of Botany 116 Bauhin's Botanical Works 120 Conclusion 130 4. -
Gardenias, Magnolias and Oleanders
Gardenias, Magnolias and Oleanders Gardenia jasminoides is cultivated throughout the gardens of New Orleans as a sweet-scented flowering shrub. The Gardenia is a genus of 142 species of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, southern Asia, Australasia and Oceania. Several species occur on the island of Hawaii, and is known in to many people in New Orleans as the Cape jasmine. The fragrant and beautiful gardenia Since this species originated in warm humid tropical areas, it demands high humidity to thrive and bright (not direct) light. It flourishes in acidic soils with good drainage and thrives in Crescent City temperatures. Flowering is from about mid-spring to mid-summer, with May the predominant month. The stunningly beautiful shrub with the fragrant white flowers did not derive its name from “the garden”, however. It all began in Charleston, South Carolina, where there lived a Scottish-born botanist named Dr. Alexander Garden (1730 -1791). He was a member of several learned societies and was a fellow of the Royal Society in London. He collected all manner of flora and fauna, which he packed up and sent to London zoologist John Ellis and famous Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus. He bundled up and sent them various magnolias and some Gordonia specimens, but the plant that bears his name had nothing to do with his particular efforts. It wasn’t even American. Linnaeus was strongly persuaded by Ellis to name something after Garden, so the Gardenia became the name for the Cape jasmine, also known as Cape jessamine. -
The Early Book Herbaria of Leonhard Rauwolf (S. France and N
Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali (2021) 32:449–461 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-021-01012-1 RESEARCH PAPER The early book herbaria of Leonhard Rauwolf (S. France and N. Italy, 1560–1563): new light on a plant collection from the ‘golden age of botany’ Anastasia Stefanaki1,2,3 · Tilmann Walter4 · Henk Porck5 · Alice Bertin1 · Tinde van Andel1,2,6 Received: 18 January 2021 / Accepted: 21 June 2021 / Published online: 10 July 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract The sixteenth century was a golden age for botany, a time when numerous naturalists devoted themselves to the study and documentation of plant diversity. A very prominent fgure among them was the German physician, botanist, and traveler Leonhard Rauwolf (1535?–1596), famous for his travel account and luxurious book herbarium containing plants from the Near East. Here, we focus on the less studied, early book herbaria of Rauwolf. These form a three-volume plant collection bound in leather and gold, which contains over 600 plants that Rauwolf collected between 1560 and 1563 in S. France and N. Italy when he was a student of medicine. We show the botanical value of Rauwolf’s early book herbaria, exemplifed by two exotic American specimens, namely one of the oldest surviving specimens of tobacco (Nicotiana rustica), collected in Italy, and the oldest known French record of prickly pear (Opuntia fcus-indica). These well-preserved specimens indicate that Rauwolf was eager to collect exotic plants already in his early botanical steps. We further discuss Rauwolf’s professional botanical network during his student years and suggest that the famous Swiss botanist Johann Bauhin (1541–1613), friend and companion of Rauwolf during his feld excursions and their medical studies in Montpellier, has played a signifcant role in the compilation of this precious historical plant collection. -
Vernon H. Heywood the Cultural Heritage Of
Bocconea 28: 161-172 https://doi.org/10.7320/Bocc28.161 Version of Record published online on 22 November 2019 Vernon H. Heywood The cultural heritage of Mediterranean botanic gardens* Abstract Heywood, V. H.: The cultural heritage of Mediterranean botanic gardens. — Bocconea 28: 161- 172. 2019. — ISSN: 1120-4060 printed, 2280-3882 online. Mediterranean botanic gardens represent a rich and diverse cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible. They include spectacular landscapes and the plantings include many important intro- ductions of both ornamental and economically important species. The gardens also contain many buildings of great architectural merit, some historic, some modern. Also important are the historic glasshouses and shade houses. Many of these gardens contain important herbarium collections that have served a key role in the preparation of Floras and major botanical libraries containing historical works of great value as well as works of art, sculptures paintings, drawings, and other illustrations and invaluable historic archives. The intangible cultural heritage of these gardens is represented by the impact that they have had the inhabitants of the cities and towns in which they are located and on generations of visitors – students, professionals and the public. With the decline of teaching and research in botany as a university discipline, some of these collections are at risk of dispersal or an even worse fate. In the face of these uncertainties a series of proposals to help safeguard this invaluable heritage is given, including the compilation of an inventory of these his- torically important buildings, libraries, works of art and archives and the use of the latest scanning and imaging techniques so that a visual record is prepared. -
Catalogue 294 Recent Acquisitions CATALOGUE 294 Catalogue 294
ANTIQUARIAAT JUNK ANTIQUARIAAT Antiquariaat Junk Catalogue 294 1 Recent Acquisitions CATALOGUE CATALOGUE 294 Catalogue 294 Old & Rare Books Recent Acquisitions 2016 121 Levaillant Catalogue 294 Recent Acquisitions Antiquariaat Junk B.V. Allard Schierenberg and Jeanne van Bruggen Van Eeghenstraat 129, NL-1071 GA Amsterdam The Netherlands Telephone: +31-20-6763185 Telefax: +31-20-6751466 [email protected] www.antiquariaatjunk.com Natural History Booksellers since 1899 Please visit our website: www.antiquariaatjunk.com with thousands of colour pictures of fine Natural History books. You will also find more pictures of the items displayed in this catalogue. Items 14 & 26 sold Frontcover illustration: 88 Gessner Backcover illustration: 121 Levaillant GENERAL CONDITIONS OF SALE as filed with the registry of the District Court of Amsterdam on No- vember 20th, 1981 under number 263 / 1981 are applicable in extenso to all our offers, sales, and deliveries. THE PRICES in this catalogue are net and quoted in Euro. As a result of the EU single Market legisla- tion we are required to charge our EU customers 6% V.A.T., unless they possess a V.A.T. registration number. Postage additional, please do not send payment before receipt of the invoice. All books are sold as complete and in good condition, unless otherwise described. EXCHANGE RATES Without obligation: 1 Euro= 1.15 USD; 0.8 GBP; 124 JPY VISITORS ARE WELCOME between office hours: Monday - Friday 9.00 - 17.30 OUR V.A.T. NUMBER NL 0093.49479B01 134 Meyer 5 [1] AEMILIANUS, J. Naturalis de Ruminantibus historia Ioannis Aemy- liani... Venetiis, apaud Franciscum Zilettum, 1584. -
Redalyc.GUSTAVE PLANCHON
Revista CENIC. Ciencias Biológicas ISSN: 0253-5688 [email protected] Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Cuba Wisniak, Jaime GUSTAVE PLANCHON Revista CENIC. Ciencias Biológicas, vol. 46, núm. 3, septiembre-diciembre, 2015, pp. 270 -284 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=181241373006 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Revista CENIC Ciencias Biológicas, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 285-284, septiembre-diciembre, 2015. GUSTAVE PLANCHON Jaime Wisniak Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 84105 [email protected] Recibido: 15 de febrero de 2015. Aceptado: 16 de marzo de 2015. Palabras clave: botánica, elemi, geobotánica, globularias, jaborandi, farmacia, quinquinas, Strichnos, tufas. Key words: botany, elemi, geobotany, globularias, jaborandi, pharmacy, quinquinas, Strychnos, tufas. RESUMEN. Gustave Planchon (1833-1900), médico, farmacéutico y botánico francés promotor de la enseñanza de farmacia en Francia, realizó investigaciones en zoología, botánica, geobotánica, fitopaleontología, fisiología vegetal, medicamentos, e historia de la farmacia. Sus principales publicaciones se centraron en las globularias, quinquinas, Strychnos, y descripción detallada de la estructura de los diferentes órganos de plantas y árboles. ABSTRACT. Gustave Planchon (1833-1900), French physician, pharmacist, and botanist, promoter of the teaching of pharmacy in France, carried on research in zoology, botany, geobotany, phytopaleontology, plant physiology, drugs, and history of pharmacy. -
Botanical Explorers
BOTANICAL EXPLORERS PEOPLE, PLACES & PLANT NAMES HOW it all began PRIOR TO 1450 ´ ROMAN EMPIRE extended around entire Mediterranean Sea ´ Provided overland trade route to the east ´ Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks in 1453, impeding overland travel THE AGE OF DISCOVERY 1450-1750 Europeans continued to trade through Constantinople into 16th century High prices, bandits, tolls, taxes propelled search for sea routes EASTERN COMMODITIES Tea, spices, silks, silver, porcelain ´ Still life with peaches and a ´ Offering pepper to the king lemon, 1636 (Chinese ´ from Livre des Merveilles du Monde, 15th c porcelain), Jurian van Streek Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris THE AGE OF DISCOVERY Europe Portuguese/Spanish pioneer new trade routes to the Indies by sea Commercial expeditions sponsored by European monarchies First voyages sailed south around tip of Africa and then east toward India THE AGE OF DISCOVERY America ´1492-1502 Columbus and others believed they would reach Asia by sailing west ´Discovery of the ”New World” AGE OF DISCOVERY Japan Japan had no incentive to explore; Wealthy trade partners, China and Korea AGE OF DISCOVERY Japan ´1543 1st Portuguese ship arrives ´Daimyo (feudal lord) allows Portuguese into Japanese ports to promote trade and Christianity ´Portuguese trade ships sail from home port of Indian colony, Goa, to Japan other Far East ports, returning to Goa after 3- year journeys AGE OF DISCOVERY China Treasure ships under command of Zheng He (in white) Hongnian Zhang, oil painting of China’s naval hero Inland threats led -
Nature's Medicine Cabinet: Notes on Botanical Therapeutics at the Birth of the New World
JwnuI 0( "'" "'-'-"~<If S<>nl<n. _&9. N...-.3a •. 1.I_UO.FaIV·'''_1OOJ Nature's Medicine Cabinet: Notes on Botanical Therapeutics at the Birth of the New World Alain Touwaide The Smithsonian Institution Abstract The period 51Telehing from Columbus's fin;1 VOYlge in 149210 lhe mid-seventeenth cen tury was a fonna\lve period in the development of medicine, especially botllnicallhe:l1l' peutics. This brief paper oUllines the evolulion of 1mowledge of medicinal planlS during Ihis period, which also SllW Ihe exploration of the New WOl1d. Old World Therapeutics Therapeutics in the Old World underwent a deep transformation in the 16th and 17th centuries. developing from ils classical and medieval rools in direclions that led IOward modem empirical science. The Medieval Legacy. As the 15th century ended. the field of therapemics in Europe was largely dominated by Arabic pharmacy. From lhe end of Ihe 11th century onward. Arabic medical treatises (including pharmaceutical works) had been trans lated into Latin in the scholarly centers of southern Europe (Salerno. Toledo. and MOlltpellier). These translations included many terms that were not translated but simply transliterated from Arabic. thus introducing uncenainlY and confusion. This was panicularly the case for technical terms and plant names. As a consequence. drugs. especially the Oriental ones previously unknown in the West were not correclly identified by Weslem physicians and this gave rise to many mistakes. Funhermore. Arabic pharmaco·therapy heavily relied on compound drugs. Their action was not as well known as was that of simple drugs: did it associate the properties of all the components or was it a new property. -
{PDF} the Complete Prophecies of Nostradamus Ebook Free Download
THE COMPLETE PROPHECIES OF NOSTRADAMUS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Nostradamus | 194 pages | 03 Dec 2013 | Createspace | 9781494324520 | English | United States The Complete Prophecies of Nostradamus PDF Book Add six to that, and you've got 66 — or the year ' The American War of Independence. Aftermath of the Coming of the Third Antichrist. Catherine de Valois the Battle of Castillon. Then, he became prime minister of the provisional post-WWII government. Nostradamus was one of the first to re-paraphrase these prophecies in French, which may explain why they are credited to him. Piedmont Eyes Ravenna. Charles De Gaulle. A manuscript normally known as the Orus Apollo also exists in the Lyon municipal library, where upwards of 2, original documents relating to Nostradamus are stored under the aegis of Michel Chomarat. Tsunami I. A stunning array of prophecies from the greatest of the prophet,'s Nostradamus whose writings are as relevant today as when they were first penned. Armageddonthe Final Prophecy. Undated The Ticino. BC Homers The Odyssey. But these were no ordinary poems. The tournament was held to celebrate the upcoming wedding of the king's daughter. The secrets of Nostradamus's power to foresee the future has never been fully explained, but with this book you will be able to experience for yourself the scope of that power and, with the aid of Henry C. The Blanche Nef White Ship. Adolf Hitler. Greek Nuclear Accident. Lemesurier, Peter Even the revolution in worldwide communication brought about by the personal computer and the World Wide Web was foretold by this greatest of prophets. -
12 Ichthyological Topics of the European Reception of Du Bartas
12 Ichthyological Topics of the European Reception of Du Bartas Paul J. Smith An important difference between the reception histories of Ronsard and Du Bartas lies in the way in which the two poets are presented as a poeta doc- tus by their contemporary editors, printers, and commentators. In the case of Ronsard, the poet’s presentation by Rémy Belleau and Marc-Antoine de Muret highlights mainly his humanist learning in the field of classical mythology and his profound knowledge of the ancient poets (in particular Ovid, Tibullus, Propertius, Theocritus, Anacreon, Virgil, and Homer, in order of frequency), and Petrarch and Marullus among the moderns.1 As for Du Bartas, the com- mentators Simon Goulart and Pantaleon Thevenin mainly assume a different kind of learning: Aristotle, Pliny, and Aelian, but above all contemporary work, namely the natural histories by Pierre Belon, Guillaume Rondelet and Conrad Gessner. It is precisely this natural history aspect that is consistent with the emerging interest in natural history, and is therefore one of the causes of the difference in popularity between the two poets in the 17th century, especially in reader circles where there was a general growing interest in natural history. It is known that even some early modern scientists, such as Ambroise Paré, Nicolas-Abraham de La Framboisière, Scipion Dupleix, and Simon Girault,2 liked to quote Du Bartas in their work. It is less or not at all known that there was also interest in Du Bartas among some zoologically, and in particular ichthyologically interested readers. I would like to demonstrate the latter for Du Bartas on the basis of one of Du Bartas’s most quoted passages in natural 1 See Belleau Rémy, Commentaire au Second Livre des Amours de Ronsard, eds. -
Les Premiers Bryozoologues Et La Connaissance Des Bryozoaires De Rondelet À Linnaeus / First Bryozoologists and the Knowledge of Bryozoa from Rondelet to Linnaeus
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Denisia Jahr/Year: 2005 Band/Volume: 0016 Autor(en)/Author(s): D'Hondt Jean-Loup L. Artikel/Article: Les premiers bryozoologues et la connaissance des Bryozoaires de Rondelet à Linnaeus / First bryozoologists and the knowledge of Bryozoa from Rondelet to Linnaeus. 329-350 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Les premiers bryozoologues et la connaissance des Bryozoaires de RONDELET ä LINNAEUS J.-L.L. D'HONDT Abstract: First bryozoologists and the knowledge of Bryozoa from RONDELET to LiNNAEUS. The first specialists of the bryozoans have logically compared the organisms as animals, but a long time before they were studied by the botanists and interpreted as marine and freshwater algae. Bryozoans were fi- nally and definitively considered as animals only at the beginning of the XVIIIth century. Nationalities, areas of study, jobs, languages of publication, professional carriers of the first bryozoologists are recapi- tulated. Scientific contributions of bryozoan specialists from RONDELET to LiNNAEUS are synthetized in the various fields of the knowledge (morphology, anatomy, development, ecology, biogeography). A short biography is presented of each of the first bryozoologists working from the Renaissance to 1758 (date of thelO* edition of the LiNNAEUS' „Systema Naturae"). An annex lists the species of Bryozoa ob- served by the bryozoologists during the XVlth and