A Performance Arte Como Intervenção Nos Encontros Internacionais De Arte (1974-1977)

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A Performance Arte Como Intervenção Nos Encontros Internacionais De Arte (1974-1977) A Performance Arte como intervenção nos Encontros Internacionais de Arte (1974-1977) Caroline Rebeca Comin Silva Dissertação de Mestrado em História da Arte Contemporânea (1974-1977), 2019. Caroline Rebeca Comin Silva, A A Silva, Comin Rebeca Caroline Encontros Internacionais de Arte de Encontros Internacionais PerformanceArte como intervenção nos Setembro, 2019 Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em História da Arte Contemporânea, realizada sob a orientação científica da Professora Doutora Sandra Vieira Jürgens. AGRADECIMENTOS Meus sinceros agradecimentos, Ao Lucas, pelo seu companheirismo e suporte amável. À família, pela força, pelo abrigo e pelo exemplo. À professora Sandra Vieira Jürgens, pela orientação e dedicação a este projeto. Aos meus professores, desde o princípio até à actualidade, pela ousadia de ensinar. Aos investigadores e historiadores, pela gentil partilha do conhecimento. Aos artistas, pela coragem da liberdade. A Manoel Barbosa, António Barros, Armando Azevedo e Gerardo Burmester, pela atenção, disponibilidade e amizade com que partilharam as suas memórias, gentilmente contribuindo para a construção da história da arte portuguesa. Aos de Abril, pelo exemplo da luta e da esperança. Obrigada. A Performance Arte como intervenção nos Encontros Internacionais de Arte (1974 - 1977) Dissertação de Mestrado Caroline Rebeca Comin Silva RESUMO Diante das transformações sociopolíticas e culturais provocadas pela Revolução dos Cravos em Portugal surgiram algumas problemáticas em torno do papel da arte e do artista na sociedade. O objetivo neste projecto de pesquisa constitui-se, portanto, em uma análise das propostas de performance arte realizadas durante os Encontros Internacionais de Arte (Valadares, 1974; Viana do Castelo, 1975; Póvoa de Varzim, 1976 e Caldas da Rainha, 1977), utilizando-as enquanto práticas artísticas paradigmáticas de um novo momento em que se requeria dos artistas um empenho a nível social. Através da prática da performance nestes eventos propõe-se analisar a operatividade do conceito de intervenção, na forma como este foi refletido desde o início do século XX e, sobretudo, por Egídio Álvaro, crítico de arte português e co- organizador dos Encontros. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: intervenção, Encontros Internacionais de Arte, performance arte, Revolução dos Cravos, arte e sociedade, Egídio Álvaro. ABSTRACT In face of the socio-political and cultural transformations caused by the Carnation Revolution in Portugal some problems emerged around the role of art and the artist in society. The objective with this research project is therefore an analysis of the performance art proposals made during the Encontros Internacionais de Arte (International Art Encounters - Valadares, 1974; Viana do Castelo, 1975; Póvoa de Varzim, 1976 and Caldas da Rainha, 1977), using them as paradigmatic artistic practices of a new moment in which artists were required to engage socially. Through the practice of performance in these events it is propose to analyze the operability of the concept of intervention, as it has been reflected since the early twentieth century and, especially, by Egídio Álvaro, portuguese art critic and co-organizer of the Encontros. KEY-WORDS: intervention, Encontros Internacionais de Arte, performance art, Carnation Revolution, art and society, Egídio Álvaro. ÍNDICE INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................................1 O estado da arte ...........................................................................................................................9 I. Os Encontros Internacionais de Arte: precursores e breve introdução ..........................16 I.1 I Encontro Internacional de Arte ...........................................................................................27 I.2 II Encontro Internacional de Arte ..........................................................................................32 I.3 III Encontro Internacional de Arte ........................................................................................36 I.4 IV Encontro Internacional de Arte .......................................................................................49 II. O contexto sociopolítico e cultural .....................................................................................68 II.1 A Cultura e as Artes - entre rupturas e continuidades ..........................................................86 III. O conceito de intervenção na prática artística. A performance como intervenção ....105 III.1 O conceito de Intervenção no pensamento de Egídio Álvaro ............................................129 III.2 A performance como intervenção nos Encontros Internacionais de Arte ..........................137 CONCLUSÃO ...........................................................................................................................158 Imagens ......................................................................................................................................186 Anexo 1 .......................................................................................................................................195 Anexo 2 .......................................................................................................................................206 Anexo 3 .......................................................................................................................................212 LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS AICA - Associação Internacional da Crítica de Arte CAPC - Círculo de Artes Plásticas de Coimbra CDS - Partido do Centro Democrático Social CE - Comunidade Europeia CEE - Comunidade Económica Europeia CM - Câmara Municipal CODICE - Comissão Dinamizadora Central CP - Comboios de Portugal CR - Conselho da Revolução EFTA - Associação Europeia de Comércio Livre EMGFA - Estado-Maior General das Forças armadas ESBAP - Escola Superior de Belas-Artes do Porto FCG - Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian FIU - Free International University FMI - Fundo Monetário Internacional FNLA - Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola FRELIMO - Frente de Libertação de Moçambique GATT - Acordo Geral de Tarifas e Comércio GICAPC - Grupo de Intervenção do Círculo de Artes Plásticas de Coimbra GRAV - Groupe Recherche d’Art Visuel IADE - Instituto de Arte e Decoração IS - International Situacionista MDAP - Movimento Democrático de Artistas Plásticos MLSTP - Movimento de Libertação de São Tomé e Príncipe MFA - Movimento das Forças Armadas MPLA - Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola OECE - Organização para a Cooperação Económica Europeia PCP - Partido Comunista Português PIB - Produto Interno Bruto PIDE - Polícia Internacional de Defesa do Estado PPD - Partido Popular Democrático PREC - Processo Revolucionário em Curso PRP - Partido Revolucionário do Proletariado PS - Partido Socialista PSD - Partido Social Democrata RML - Região Militar de Lisboa SEC - Secretaria do Estado da Cultura SNBA - Sociedade Nacional de Belas Artes TAP - Transportes Aéreos de Portugal TEP - Teatro Experimental do Porto UDP - União Democrática Popular UNITA - União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola URSS - União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas INTRODUÇÃO A postura intervencionista diante dos eventos sociopolíticos, dos quais os artistas são também constituintes, surgiram em diversos momentos da história. Como refere Lima de Freitas (1927-1998), pintores como Goya, Delacroix, Van Gogh, Otto Dix, Grosz, Bordalo Pinheiro, Câmara Leal ou Picasso são memorandos de que, diante de contextos de injustiças sociais ou revoltas populares, os artistas assumem uma posição de “presença no mundo”, usando suas ferramentas de trabalho como meios para se inserirem nos acontecimentos e praticarem uma espécie de militância, fosse por uma denúncia ou por uma brado de vitória que faziam emergir nas suas telas1. Tais obras estão intimamente ligadas ao seu contexto de aparição: os avanços de Napoleão sobre a Espanha e o levantamento de 3 de Maio de 1808, os movimentos revolucionários da década de 1830 na Europa, o pesar da vida dos trabalhadores nas novas cidades industriais do século XIX, a ascensão das políticas e cultura burguesa, as grandes guerras que assolaram o mundo inteiro. Não foi diferente aquando dos movimentos estudantis europeus de Maio de 68, da Guerra no Vietname sob a forte influência norte- americana, da Guerra Fria ou do “drama da solidão humana nas grandes sociedades de consumo, os conflitos económicos, o terror, a injustiça, a violência […]”2. Diante das alienações e desconforto provocados pelos contextos sociais, cujos indivíduos nunca cessam de verem surgir novos motivos para militância, uma luta intensa e sempre presente pela liberdade e pela justiça social, Lima de Freitas questiona- se: “Qual a função da arte? Será apenas a de dar testemunho dos desastres e das catástrofes da época? Criticar as suas misérias?”3. O crítico preocupa-se em refletir sobre a validade de tais obras em um momento em que a sociedade capitalista é capaz de assimilar todas elas e integrá-las no seu sistema, ou, por outro lado, a sociedade socialista é capaz de transformá-las em propaganda política. Nestes casos, elas cumprem a sua missão? 1 Freitas, L. (1974, setembro). Arte, intervenção, ideologia. Revista de Artes Plásticas, nº. 5, pp. 4-8, p. 5. 2 Ibidem, p. 5. 3 Ibidem, p. 5. !1 O nosso projeto de pesquisa começa a partir destas questões, as quais projectamos desde um outro crítico de arte português.
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