DOCSLIB.ORG

An Extream Bad Collection of Broken Innkeepers, Horse Jockeys, And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Extream Bad Collection of Broken Innkeepers, Horse Jockeys, And “An Extream Bad Collection of Broken Innkeepers, Horse Jockeys, and Indian Traders”: How Anarchy, Violence, and Resistance in Eighteenth-Century Pennsylvania Transformed Provincial Society A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History of the College of Arts and Sciences by Brandon C. Downing M.A. Slippery Rock University May 2009 Committee Chair: Wayne Durrill, Ph.D. ~ Abstract ~ This dissertation considers how an anarchic and violent backcountry provided the setting for both Native Americans and backcountry farmers to resist the control of imperial and colonial institutions in eighteenth-century Pennsylvania, which ultimately transformed provincial society. Rural insurrections plagued Pennsylvania, but the causes and outcomes of these events are often only recorded by elite discourse. By contrast, this dissertation seeks to recover the various methods that backcountry yeoman farmers and Native Americans used to attain their goal of land possession and independence from the metropole. It examines the complex tasks of managing vast new spaces and resources, administering an army, and assimilating the Indian population within their broader social and cultural contexts through the analysis of archival sources, petitions, Indian treaties, and newspaper reports. The various perspectives of writers, traders, missionaries, diplomats, and interpreters enable us to recover the voices of the frontier. Pennsylvania’s provincial officials tried to contain backcountry defiance by suppressing mobilization, guiding population relocation, enforcing justice, and securing boundaries between Euro Americans and Native Americans. The proprietary government also repeatedly sought to incorporate yeoman farmers and Indians into the political, economic and cultural orbit of Philadelphia. The tactics used to control the backcountry, however, further irritated relations between the government and frontier populations. The driving force behind these policies was the fear of insurrections, and violence that could descend upon the capital if not controlled. This dissertation illuminates both the culture of backcountry insurrections and the British periphery in eighteenth-century North America. Furthermore, it argues that the radical and ii anarchic characteristics of backcountry Pennsylvania contributed to the coming of the American Revolution, in contrast to historians’ overemphasis on the role played by the eastern seaboard cities in the break with Britain in 1776. iii iv ~ Contents ~ Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………..ii Illustrations……………………………………………………………………………………...vi Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………1 Chapter 1 “Many thousands of Foreigners”: The Formation Pennsylvania’s Backcountry Identity.……………………………...15 Chapter 2 “Powers had brake loose from their center” and “Hell itself is transplanted hither”: Violence, Anarchy, and Resistance in Backcountry Pennsylvania………………...42 Chapter 3 “The Drum is beating to Arms, and Bells ringing & all the people under Arms”: White-Native Violence in the Pennsylvania Backcountry………………......……108 Chapter 4 “Most people in this Country would advize the killing of every Savage young, & Old”: America’s Culture of Violence…………………………………..155 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………..183 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………...203 v ~ Illustrations ~ 1. Thomas Holme, A Mapp of ye Improved Part of Pennsilvania in America, Divided into Counties, Townships, and Lotts (London 1685), LCP……………………..18 2. “A Map of parts of the Provinces of Pennsilvania and Maryland with the Counties of New Castle, Kent, and Sussex on Delaware according to the most exact Surveys yet made drawn in the year 1740,” produced by the Penns for the Crown to prove their case. NV-064, series 7, Penn Family Papers, HSP, http://digitallibrary.hsp.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/8535.....................50 3. “The Retreat of Washington,” from: http://www.us-roots.org/colonialamerica/main/timeline.html...........................................67 4. Pennsylvania with the Connecticut claim across the northern part of the state. Map from Sydney George Fisher, The Making of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Company, 1896)…………………………………………………………...…91 5. “Map of Fort Granville, Mifflin County, Near Lewistown,” William A. Hunter, Forts on the Pennsylvania Frontier, 1753-1758 (Harrisburg: The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1960), 605...……………………………………134 6. The “Kittanning Destroyed Medal”…………………………………………………….142 vi ~ INTRO ~ Almost universally, historians agree that the United States has always been an extremely violent nation and that violence usually redounds to the ultimate advantage of those who control the levers of power.1 -John Buenker, The Encyclopedia of Violence What is impressive to one who begins to learn about American violence is its extraordinary frequency, its sheer commonplaceness in our history, its persistence into very recent and contemporary times, and its rather abrupt contrast with our pretensions to singular national virtue.2 -Richard Hofstadter, “American Violence” Increasingly, Americans are a people without history, with only memory, which means a people poorly prepared for what is inevitable about life-tragedy, sadness, moral ambiguity-and therefore a people reluctant to engage difficult ethical issues.3 -Elliott Gorn, “Professing History” n a way, the grievances of backcountry inhabitants in the British North American colonies are well-known. What led the leaders of backcountry settlers like Thomas Cresap, I Lazarus Stewart, and others like them to violently resist the Pennsylvania provincial government was a lack of protection from Indian attacks, securing land titles, protesting quit- rents or taxes, and curbing the activities of land speculators. All of which were supported by William Penn and his descendants. Proprietary officials actively ejected squatters, raised rents, protected large, fertile stretches of land in the forms of manors and estates, sold premium 1 John Buenker, “Overview of Violence Theories: History,” in R. Gottesman, ed., The Encyclopedia of Violence in America, v. 3 (New York: Scribner, 1999), 314-15. 2 Richard Hofstadter, “Reflections on Violence in America,” in Richard Hofstadter and m. Wallace, eds., American Violence: A Documentary Hurry (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970), 7. 3 Elliott Gorn, “Professing History: Distinguishing Between Memory and Past,” Chronicle of Higher Education (April 28, 2000): B4, 5. 1 property to connected and influential men, and supported a Quaker-dominated Assembly, which claimed pacifist principles when explaining their indifference to the safety of backcountry inhabitants. Since enforcing the laws of the province along the frontier proved nearly impossible because of distance, settlers often took the law into their own hands performing violent actions such as murder, arson, kidnapping, and resisting government officials such as justices of the peace, sheriffs, and sometimes judges, lawyers, and jailers. Violence in Pennsylvania’s backcountry centered mostly on the availability of property and the opportunity to possess it. By the middle of the eighteenth century, making an improvement upon the land such as dwellings, outbuildings, or even planting crops characterized the basic fundamental goal of rural families trying to survive off of their possessions, legally or illegally. Most of the immigrants funneling in from Europe imported the “homestead ethic,” but it grew more significantly in the Americas where landholding was far more widespread.4 Indeed, the famous North Carolina Regulator, Herman Husband, explained it as that “peaceable Possession, especially of back waste vacant Lands, is a Kind of Right” – a right interwoven with “the common Method” of settling the land “time out of Mind,” from “New England to Georgia”: the practice of “the Poor…always countenanced and approved of…to move out, from the interior Parts to the back Lands, with their Families and [to] find a Spot, whereon they might build ‘a Hut’ and make some Improvements.’”5 Two violence-prone regions are studied here as a comparison: the backcountries of Pennsylvania and Kentucky. In Pennsylvania’s backcountry, violence defined the eighteenth 4 Richard Maxwell Brown, “Backcountry Rebellions and the Homestead Ethic in America, 1740‐1799,” in Richard Maxwell Brown, ed. Tradition, Conflict, Modernization: Perspectives on the American Revolution (New York: Academic Press, 1977), 77. 5 Herman Husband, An Impartial Relation of the First Rise and Cause of the Recent Differences in Public Affairs (1770), reprinted in William S. Powell, James K. Huhta, and Thomas J. Farnham, eds., The Regulators in North Carolina: A Documented History (1971), 223. 2 century as border clashes with Maryland and Connecticut, and imperial conflict during the Seven Years’ War dominated Pennsylvania’s political and cultural landscape into the nineteenth century, whereas, in frontier Kentucky, the period from the Revolutionary War era to the War of 1812 endured episodes of violence with Indians, land speculators, and the Virginia court system. In each case, similar trends emerge: mass emigration, lack of security, dispersed farm settlement, great distance to political and cultural institutions, and the use of violence to resolve conflict. There were many differences, to be sure, but the development of both places had many structural
Load more

Recommended publications
  • JAMES LOGAN the Political Career of a Colonial Scholar
    JAMES LOGAN The Political Career of a Colonial Scholar By E. GORDON ALDERFER* A CROSS Sixth Street facing the shaded lawn of Independence Square in Philadelphia, on the plot now hidden by the pomp- ous facade of The Curtis Publishing Company, once stood a curious little building that could with some justice lay claim to being the birthplace of the classic spirit of early America. Just as the State House across the way symbolizes the birth of independ- ence and revolutionary idealism, the first public home of the Loganian Library could represent (were it still standing) the balanced, serene, inquiring type of mind so largely responsible for nurturing the civilization of the colonies. The Loganian, the first free public library in America outside of Boston and by some odds the greatest collection for public use in the colonial era, was the creation of James Logan, occasionally reputed to have been the most learned man in the colonies during the first half of the eighteenth century. Logan journeyed to Amer- ica with William Penn in 1699 as Penn's secretary, and became in effect the resident head of the province. Two years later, when Penn left his province never to return, Logan was commissioned Secretary of the Province and Commissioner of Property. He was soon installed as Clerk of the Provincial Council and became its most influential member in spite of his youthfulness. Even- tually, in 1731, Logan became Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, and, five years later, as President of the Provincial Council, he assumed *Dr. E. Gordon Alderfer is associated with CARE, Inc., New York, in a research and administrative capacity.
    [Show full text]
  • Granville, This Map of Day Lewistown, Pa
    Like "The French Letter" found at Fort Granville, this map of the site near present- day Lewistown, Pa., remains a mystery. It was probably done in the late 18th century! but its creator is not known. 154 Pittsburgh History, Winter 1996/97 The Fall of Fort Granville, q 'The French Letter,' <X Gallic Wit on the Pennsylvania Frontier, 1756 James P. Myers, Jr. EVENTS DESCRIBED as "momentous" or "dramatic" often seem to inspire a singleness or simplicity of response by those affected orby those who interpret the events. The mind tries to make sense HISTORICALof things byignoring complexities and subtleties that undermine simple, overwhelming emotional responses. Historians, as well,seek continuities which reinforce their culture's belief inthe cause-and-effect ofhistory. Incidents that seem "to make no sense" are frequently omitted from historical accounts. An historiographic tradition which owes so much to Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, and even Scots- Irish attitudes does not equip most commentators to deal well withfigures nurtured on other values and perspec- tives. Until recent times, for example, most American and English historians have largely ignored the ways in which Native American attitudes and cultures helped to shape the continent's history. 1 Similarly, the bloody record of 18th-century border warfare illustrates how the received historical tradition assesses French actions while tending to ignore the culture and attitudes which underlie those deeds. James P. Myers,Jr., a professor ofEnglish at Gettysburg College, teaches English Renaissance and Irishliterature. Interested in the contributions of the Irish, Scots-Irish, and Anglo-Irish to colonial Pennsylvania history, he is exploring and writing on the 1758 Forbes expedition against FortDuquesne.
    [Show full text]
  • The Principal Indian Towns of Western Pennsylvania C
    The Principal Indian Towns of Western Pennsylvania C. Hale Sipe One cannot travel far in Western Pennsylvania with- out passing the sites of Indian towns, Delaware, Shawnee and Seneca mostly, or being reminded of the Pennsylvania Indians by the beautiful names they gave to the mountains, streams and valleys where they roamed. In a future paper the writer will set forth the meaning of the names which the Indians gave to the mountains, valleys and streams of Western Pennsylvania; but the present paper is con- fined to a brief description of the principal Indian towns in the western part of the state. The writer has arranged these Indian towns in alphabetical order, as follows: Allaquippa's Town* This town, named for the Seneca, Queen Allaquippa, stood at the mouth of Chartier's Creek, where McKees Rocks now stands. In the Pennsylvania, Colonial Records, this stream is sometimes called "Allaquippa's River". The name "Allaquippa" means, as nearly as can be determined, "a hat", being likely a corruption of "alloquepi". This In- dian "Queen", who was visited by such noted characters as Conrad Weiser, Celoron and George Washington, had var- ious residences in the vicinity of the "Forks of the Ohio". In fact, there is good reason for thinking that at one time she lived right at the "Forks". When Washington met her while returning from his mission to the French, she was living where McKeesport now stands, having moved up from the Ohio to get farther away from the French. After Washington's surrender at Fort Necessity, July 4th, 1754, she and the other Indian inhabitants of the Ohio Val- ley friendly to the English, were taken to Aughwick, now Shirleysburg, where they were fed by the Colonial Author- ities of Pennsylvania.
    [Show full text]
  • In Search of the Indiana Lenape
    IN SEARCH OF THE INDIANA LENAPE: A PREDICTIVE SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT OF THE LENAPE LIVING ALONG THE WHITE RIVER IN INDIANA FROM 1790 - 1821 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY JESSICA L. YANN DR. RONALD HICKS, CHAIR BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA DECEMBER 2009 Table of Contents Figures and Tables ........................................................................................................................ iii Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Research Goals ............................................................................................................................ 1 Background .................................................................................................................................. 2 Chapter 2: Theory and Methods ................................................................................................. 6 Explaining Contact and Its Material Remains ............................................................................. 6 Predicting the Intensity of Change and its Effects on Identity................................................... 14 Change and the Lenape .............................................................................................................. 16 Methods ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • William A. Hunter Collection ,1936-1985 Book Reviews, 1955-1980
    WILLIAM A. HUNTER COLLECTION ,1936-1985 BOOK REVIEWS, 1955-1980 Subject Folder Carton "The Susquehanna By Carl Cramerl',Pennsylvania Magazine 1 1 -of History and Biography, Vol. LXXIX No.3, July 1955. &@$a-is "American Indian and White Relations --to 1830...11 By 1 William N. Fenton, et. al., Pennsylvania Magazine -of History -& Biography LXXXI, No.4, Oct. 1957. "Tecumseh, Vision of Glory by Glenn Tucker, "Ethnohistory 1 Vol. 4, No.1, winter, 1957. "Colonists from Scotland... by I.C.C.Graham,ll The New 1 York Historical Society Quarterly, Vol. XLI, ~c47 Oct., 1957. "Banners --in the Wilderness.. .. by H. T.W.Coleman," Pennsylvania History Vol.XXIV, No. 1: January 1957. "War Comes to Quaker Pennsylvania by Robert L.D. Davidson," 1 Pennsylvania~a~azine-of History and Biography, Vol.LXXI1, No.3, July 1958. "Indian Villages --of the Illinois Country.Historic Tribes By Wayne C. Temple."American Antiquity. Vol. XXIV No. 4: April 1, 1959. "Braddock's Defeat by Charles Hamilton." Pennsylvania History Vol. XXVII, No. 3: July, 1960. "American Indians, by William T. Hogan." Pennsylvania 1 Magazine -of History and Biography, Vol. LXXXV, No. 4:0ct.1961. "The Scotch-Irish: A Social History, by James G. Pennsylvania ~istory,Vol.XXX, No.2, April 1963. -----"Indians of the Woodlands ....By George E. Hyde" Pennsylvania 1 Magazine of History and Biography LXXXVII, NO.~: July, 1963. "George ----Mercer of the Ohio Company, By Alfred P. James", 1 Pennsylvania -History Vol. XXX, No. 4, October 1964. "The Colonial --Wars, 1689-1762, by Howard H. Peckham" 1 Pennsylvania Magazine -of Historx and Biography, LXXXVIII, No.
    [Show full text]
  • A Profile of the Paxton Boys: Murderers of the Conestoga Indians
    A Profile of the Paxton Boys: Murderers of the Conestoga Indians By Frank J. Cavaioli, Ph.D. The Paxton Uprising in Pennsylvania in December, 1763, to February, 1764, represents a singular yet significant event in American history. On its surface the event is simple, isolated and limited in its setting. Upon further examination the Paxton Uprising dramatizes the complex forces of the pre-revolutionary period. More important, the participants in this affair point up the issues and conflicts in the pre-revolutionary society, specifically Pennsylvania. After a brief analysis of the complex events surrounding the Paxton Uprising, the purpose of this project is to research who were the participants and what role these participants played in the American Revolutionary era? The last questions have not been attempted heretofore in any systematic manner. On December 14, 1763, a group of men, estimated at 50 to 57, from the town of Paxton (or Paxtang) attacked and killed six Indians in the town of Conestoga in the county of Lancaster on the Pennsylvania frontier. The Paxton Boys returned to their homes believing their "work" had been completed. But not all the intended Indians had been present when the massacre took place. The surviving Indians were rounded up by the govenment and escorted to Lancaster for their safekeeping. On December 27 the Paxton Bo ys journeyed to Lancaster, broke into the workhouse and In 1763 the last of the Conestoga Indians were massacred in the prison yard by Scot Presbyterians known as the Paxtang Boys from the Harris Ferry locale (Harris- burg). The Indians had been attacked earlier, and the survivors were put under protective custody in the Lancaster prison.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthony Wayne M Em 0 R· I a L
    \ I ·I ANTHONY WAYNE M EM 0 R· I A L 'I ' \ THE ANTHONY WAYNE MEMORIAL PARKWAY PROJECT . in OHIO -1 ,,,, J Compiled al tlze Request of the ANTHONY WAYNE MEMO RIAL LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE by lhr O..H. IO STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL and H ISTORICAL SOCIETY 0 00 60 4016655 2 I• Columbus, Ohio 1944 ' '.'-'TnN ~nd MONTGOMERY COt Jt-rt"-' =J1UC llBR.APV Acknowledgments . .. THE FOLLOWING ORGANIZATIONS ass isted lll the compilation of this booklet : The A nthony Wayne Memo ri al J oint L egislative Cammi ttee The Anthony \Vayne Memori al Associati on The! Toledo-Lucas County Planning Commiss ions The Ohio D epa1 rtment of Conservation and Natural Resources The Ohio Department of Highways \ [ 4 J \ Table of Contents I Anthony Wayne Portrait 1794_ ·---···-· ·--· _____ . ----------- ·----------------- -------------------. _____ Cover Anthony Wayne Portrait in the American Revolution ____________________________ F rrm I ispiece Ii I I The Joint Legislative Committee_______ --------····----------------------------------------------------- 7 i· '#" j The Artthony Wayne Memorial Association ___________________________________ .-------------------- 9 I· The Ohio Anthony Wayne Memorial Committee _____________________________________ ---------- 11 I I I Meetings of the Joint Legislative Committee·------·--------- -·---------------------------------- 13 I I "Mad Anthony" Wayne a'dd the Indian \Vars, 1790-179.'---------------------------------- 15 lI The Military Routes of Wa.yne, St. Clair, and Harmar, 1790-179-t- ___________ . _______ 27 I The Anthony Wayne Memorial
    [Show full text]
  • The Battles of Germantown: Public History and Preservation in America’S Most Historic Neighborhood During the Twentieth Century
    The Battles of Germantown: Public History and Preservation in America’s Most Historic Neighborhood During the Twentieth Century Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David W. Young Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Steven Conn, Advisor Saul Cornell David Steigerwald Copyright by David W. Young 2009 Abstract This dissertation examines how public history and historic preservation have changed during the twentieth century by examining the Germantown neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1683, Germantown is one of America’s most historic neighborhoods, with resonant landmarks related to the nation’s political, military, industrial, and cultural history. Efforts to preserve the historic sites of the neighborhood have resulted in the presence of fourteen historic sites and house museums, including sites owned by the National Park Service, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and the City of Philadelphia. Germantown is also a neighborhood where many of the ills that came to beset many American cities in the twentieth century are easy to spot. The 2000 census showed that one quarter of its citizens live at or below the poverty line. Germantown High School recently made national headlines when students there attacked a popular teacher, causing severe injuries. Many businesses and landmark buildings now stand shuttered in community that no longer can draw on the manufacturing or retail economy it once did. Germantown’s twentieth century has seen remarkably creative approaches to contemporary problems using historic preservation at their core.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennsylvania History
    PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY VOL. XXI APRIL, 1954 No. 2 THE FAILURE OF THE "HOLY EXPERIMENT" IN PENNSYLVANIA, 1684-1699 By EDWIN B. BRONNER* HE founding of colonial Pennsylvania was a great success. TLet there be no misunderstanding in regard to that matter. The facts speak for themselves. From the very beginning colonists came to the Delaware Valley in great numbers. Philadelphia grew rapidly and was eventually the largest town in the British colonies. The area under cultivation expanded steadily; Pennsylvania con- tinued to grow throughout the colonial period, and her pecuniary success has never been questioned. The Proprietor granted his freemen an enlightened form of government, and gradually accepted a series of proposals by the citizenry for liberalizing the constitution. As an outgrowth of the Quaker belief that all men are children of God, the colony granted religious toleration to virtually all who wished to settle, made a practice of treating the Indians in a fair and just manner, opposed (as a matter of conscience) resorting to war, experimented with enlightened principles in regard to crime and punishment, and fostered advanced ideas concerning the equality of the sexes and the enslavement of human beings. As a colonizing venture, the founding of Pennsylvania was a triumph for William Penn and those who joined with him in the undertaking. On the other hand, conditions which prevailed in Pennsylvania in the first decades caused Penn untold grief, and results fell far short of what he had envisaged when he wrote concerning the *Dr. Edwin B. Bronner of Temple University is author of Thomas Earle as a Reformer and "Quaker Landmarks in Early Philadelphia" (in Historic Philadelphia, published by the American Philosophical Society, 1953).
    [Show full text]
  • A Lenape Among the Quakers
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters University of Nebraska Press 2014 A Lenape among the Quakers Dawn G. Marsh [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples Marsh, Dawn G., "A Lenape among the Quakers" (2014). University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters. 266. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples/266 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Nebraska Press at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. A Lenape among the Quakers Buy the Book Buy the Book A Lenape among the Quakers The Life of Hannah Freeman dawn g. marsh University of Nebraska Press Lincoln & London Buy the Book © 2014 by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska Parts of this book have previously appeared in different form in “Hannah Freeman: Gendered Sovereignty in Penn’s Peaceable Kingdom,” in Gender and Sovereignty in Indigenous North America, 1400–1850, ed. Sandra Slater and Fay A. Yarborough (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2011), 102–22. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Marsh, Dawn G. A Lenape among the Quakers: the life of Hannah Freeman / Dawn G. Marsh. pages cm. Includes bibliographical references. isbn 978-0-8032-4840-3 (cloth: alk. paper)— isbn 978-0-8032-5419-0 (epub)— isbn 978-0-8032-5420-6 (mobi)— isbn 978-0-8032-5418-3 (pdf) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • FRSM Newsletter August 2010
    Fort Recovery State Museum Newsletter August, 2010 Successful Grand Re-Opening Over 300 visitors attended the Museum’s Grand Re-Opening on July 11. What a great day it was! The “new” museum received consistently high reviews. It was a pleasure hearing the positive responses. We appreciated the comments made and the beautiful framed certificate and picture presented to the museum by Representative Jim Zehringer. Also presented to the local historical society was a certificate from the Ohio Historical Society. We were proud to host a number of representatives of OHS, including George Kane, Director of Historic Sites. Coming from a great distance for this special event was patron Victor Wells who drove for 2 1/2 days to partake in the festivities and then turned around and drove right back to his home/work in Colorado. No one could show greater support! Thank you, Victor. We also appreciated that so many of you patrons attended. We were so proud to see the many blue and gold ribbons worn that day! Thank YOU! Record-Breaking 5K Run As a result of a well executed 2009 St. Clair 5K, and a super 2010 effort by coordinators, Kathy /Tony Gonzalez and Kim/Brent Niekamp, the number of run participants exceeded our highest expectations - over 350! The coordinators send their appreciation to all patrons who helped and a special “Thank You” to the shirt sponsors: Rep. Jim Zehringer; Natures Green; Independent Capital Management; JR Industries; Cooper Farms; Wabash Telephone; Mercer Osteopathic; and Mercer Health. ( he complete list of Thank You’s is attached.) It appears that the run profited nearly $3500.
    [Show full text]
  • William Penn and the Quaker Legacy by John A. Moretta
    PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY John A. Moretta. William Penn and the Quaker Legacy. (New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. Pp. xx, 269, bibliographical references, index. Paper, $20.67.) John A. Moretta's stirring biography ofWilliam Penn is a welcome addition to the historiography of colonial Pennsylvania. A volume in Longmans Library of American Biography series, William Penn and the Quaker Legacy two complements earlier biographies in this series (Edmund S. Morgan's Puritan Dilemma: The Story ofJohn Winthrop and Alden T. Vaughan's American Genesis: Captain John Smith and theFounding ofVirginia) by focusing on the life and career of Pennsylvania's founder. The first third of this volume focuses upon Penn's spiritual life, from his conversion toQuakerism while a student at Oxford to his desire to spread the faith in the British Isles and on the continent. Much to his father's chagrin, Penn chose to pursue a career as a religious leader, despite Admiral Penn's efforts to supply his eldest son with all of the benefits that a man with the Admiral's connections could provide. For instance, when the Admiral sent William to Ireland to oversee the family's Irish estates, William chose to was proselytize and arrested for preaching. Young Penn did not spend his error time in jail pondering the of his ways; instead, he wrote several religious tracts explaining the Quaker faith and criticizing laws designed to punish dissenters for their beliefs and actions. William Penn, according toMoretta, also was inconsistent. Penn might have been a devout Quaker, but he behaved more like the elitist his father wanted him to be than a typical Friend.
    [Show full text]