This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 30 Sep 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: CRC Press Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK

Sustainability and the Rights of Nature An Introduction Cameron La Follette, Chris Maser

Other International Voices for the Rights of Nature

Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781315155999-4 Cameron La Follette, Chris Maser Published online on: 23 May 2017

How to cite :- Cameron La Follette, Chris Maser. 23 May 2017, Other International Voices for the Rights of Nature from: Sustainability and the Rights of Nature, An Introduction CRC Press Accessed on: 30 Sep 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781315155999-4

PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT

Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms

This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.

The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 17:36 30 Sep 2021; For: 9781315155999, chapter3, 10.1201/9781315155999-4 management plan. Te inclusion, or the for with consistent concessions its further Ureweravalues to justify not does aparcel of have adjustments land if the boundary as reasons for minor such Tethe Urewera may land not mortgaged, alienated, The Board. be of, or except disposed the worldthe to receive protection. such in national park first the is This personhood. legal itself to give land Maori the agreed the identity, language, and customs, their expressing as government land the the and claimed group (Tuhoe) Maori indigenous to the ownership direct values. of giving Instead who of its integrity the worth and itsNational intrinsic Park of citing aperson, status the Other International Voices International Other for the Rights of Nature 3 in order to preserve and conserve them.” The ruling describes the streams, springs, lakes, lakes, springs, streams, the describes them.” order conserve in to and preserve ruling The person, of aliving rights, duties liabilities and corresponding all of with person, alegal “the ecosystem Ganges status entire the granted Court the petition, to acitizen responding ruling expanded an in Then, Yamuna the of rights personhood. the its major tributary River Ganges and the granting 2017 ruling in aground-breaking issued Uttarakhand state of Indian of Court the High system. The arights-based under Ganges polluted hydraulic faced with communities fracturing. American principles, in as such worldwide caught ofhas attention of activists Nature the Rights how studying to apply its laws. Te The environmental regulatory Urewera more than powerfully ecosystems Act of a legal person.” liabilities and law out the of set servation New in Zealand.” con for and its care responsibilities its right,should own the in have with recognition legal but complimentary, contrasting, two in paradigm emerging ways. facet of of Nature, Rights created another forthe Tribunal the New Zealand International the and ofIndependently Mother Rights Earth of Universal of the Declaration the ANational aRiver, Park, New Indigenous Zealand: and Peoples tage, its scientific importance, and as a andtage, importance, placereflection.” for its scientific outdoorand spiritual recreation values; biodiversity, for and systems ecological its indigenous heri cultural and its historical values of those of forest, its primeval natural vast rugged integrity for and and the distinctive for the by all for worth; its it “outstandingZealanders treasured is value intrinsic national and it, statute Te describes the As threats. Urewera New future by from all itself prized ing is who most to closely Te bound are Urewera, of protect park means the apowerful by giving In India, the National Ganga Rights Movement National Rights Ganga the India, In advocates highly of protection the protect how Ecuador showing new Bolivia, can is paradigm and the New like Zealand, law states,The then “Te Urewera a legal entity, rights, is powers, the all has duties, and revolutionary statute states,This “Tuhoe Te that view the Crown share the and Urewera Te the In Urewera Act of 2014, 6 5 1 These rights, powers, These by duties to exercised be and are New Zealand granted its 821-square granted New Te Zealand mile Urewera 2 3 The law seeks to assuage the grief of the Maori, of the grief to assuage the law The seeks 7 39 4 - - - Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 17:36 30 Sep 2021; For: 9781315155999, chapter3, 10.1201/9781315155999-4 New Zealand governmentNew to protect it 3.1). Zealand (Figure in 2012, Agreement, of As finalized an the and the Maori between of a partnership nowwaterways—will beneficiary the be generations. of future places security for the or processes enhance conserve, and to protect, of acollective responsibilities exercise through Maori sovereigntyas asserted concepts.into English translate Perhapsto difficult best is defined it exceedingly is that Western frameworks. legal framework The “rangatiratanga,” centers around aMaori term to Tetion Urewera, on acreative novel based and of Maori concepts and indigenous fusion solu out similar longest apotentially river, Negotiators hammering are Whanganui. the Nature’sin place.is right to flourish But framework legal to determine. the for of time respect take will harm, environmental of situations which operate practice, in ecosystem Ganges in who the as such represents How provisions will change. paradigm these dramatic aperson—a to harming equal is whole. the system without protecting Now, its ecosystem or harming Ganges the polluting conveys it point that would impossible eco be its of to fundamental protect the one part air, jungles, meadows thus Court depends. Ganges’ health The the on which forests and 40 /File:Wanganui_river_-_page_138.jpg). (1913). (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki River, New Zealand Martin ​ by Josiah Whanganui Photograph FIGURE 3.1 The Whanganui River of New Zealand—one of the country’s of the River of most revered New iconic and Zealand—one Whanganui The country’s faces the New situation third- Zealand in unresolved long-standing, A similar, 8 Sustainability and the Rights the of Nature and Sustainability - - Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 17:36 30 Sep 2021; For: 9781315155999, chapter3, 10.1201/9781315155999-4 River. Whanganui beautiful the and New from contexts Zealand other far of enforcement in couldone that widely be adapted to provide, authority powers and given and binding model is this for survival, environment peoples local depend well. on the all as Since group’s of the survival whole, the integrated and being, means whose survival culture Iwi’s governed be river ofbut Whanganui by the aliving as the will understanding any Western not in owned sense, legal be Agreement,According River to the the will depend on. humans all resources Western order natural concepts legal in to protect the 2017. River, to the sonhood was done as for Te Urewera National Park, March law in became haveimplement yet to Legislation to filed. be grantper the and legal to Agreement, River, Treaty the under Whanganui ofthe Waitangi, Iwito claims specific Whanganui 2011. in negotiations Agreement, of the and details further ing on-the-ground The 2009,River’s in 2002, again stage in the of began reached fram and started needs 1999.River on the in government Iwi the focusing and Whanganui Talks between Whanganui on the areport issued of Tribunal negotiations. recent The ment afruit is 1873, Crown by since the River agree Whanganui recognized the needs and and rights obligations. Treaty’sthe provisions or have principles that endured beyond specific,enumerated for compensation and proven to live up failures talks leads to settlement then which the with Waitangi claim Tribunal, Maori a to Treaty. file of the the requires process This violated that spirit past wrongs the redress and ment rights to protect Maori property govern the binds this government. the Maori things, and Among other the between aduty reasonable conduct of and continues, that faith good nership imposes one that of part a requirement nevertheless is there shift, needs and times Treaty as the change have Newof Waitangi. Zealand heldunder in that, specific Courts duties although the 1840, Crown in British Treaty the Maori the and the via between began that Maori rights authority. independent binding it carry But moral it force the of has over negotiations cultural rights. river’s on the andonly its spiritual physical on assuring but rights ecological and also not must focus Iwi. guardians The appointed one byWhanganui byCrown and the the appointed be river; to protect the will one Guardian lifeblood. Guardians spiritual also River Maori Trust, Maori groups for whom river representing not the home is only but Crown, Whanganui by by was Agreement signed and the the The interests. and rights law, the under aperson as give it protected legally will which recognized be It will away such in it that river allows the system to considered be construct entity. alegal aWestern model up legal set through anon-Maori guardianship through gatiratanga people whose lives, in turn, are so defined by the river.the defined so by are people whose lives, turn, in Iwi Whanganui of the life the from whole inseparable is integral and whose life a living considered be “Te adopted river Agreement. been The the will into has tion Awa Tupua,” River. to the tied defini is River, Their history group whose entire local the Whanganui is governed be river. Maori by of view the the will activities the and world—in ariver had identity alegal which bestowed has defined be on it. river The will possiblythe in entity,Zealand—and New become an time first will the Whanganui the Voices Rights the for of Nature International Other Tu-tohu concepts and indigenous holds for fusing promise tremendous Whakatupua system legal to have New the Zealand Iwi their have through struggled Whanganui enforceable it, with powers settlement not nor behind is acourt Agreement does This The new Agreement,The “Tu-tohu entitled ran the protects Whakatupua,” essentially over rangatiratanga the Iwi, possesses group that indigenous the Whanganui The 9 41 ------Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 17:36 30 Sep 2021; For: 9781315155999, chapter3, 10.1201/9781315155999-4 tion oftion Pope Francis’s vision. founda the concepts are These generations yet the unborn. and children, their children, of its long-term productive sustainability the protects capacity for benefit, our that of our away of “house” in our care that help take us will interactions ronment. Grasping these of envi our parts non-living and living system,” the between adds interactions which the and the streams they provide. they streams the and water as catchments of things such wayately the in people sustainability ignored the treat forgotten, fact overlooked, misunderstood, competitivenomically society—a or deliber to say, is That Nature’s eco providedrives our that processes energy the environmental standing. remain and itself divided be against cannot that house—one same it the and is house, ofknowledge economy the and or understanding because humans and nature are an inseparable part of one part another. inseparable an are nature and humans because vision any social-environmental in produces omission failures an such that point is His out incomplete equation be of (Chapter the leaves that conceptlogical will 4). humankind “integral ecology,” at Pope discusses hand. then crisis any eco Francis he by means which of problems, the roots of of current human a Gospel Creation exploring the and a summary faith. of their part as them contemplate and carefully, obligated are they as to discern must teachings consider these authoritatively Catholics Catholic doctrine. morals centered in speaking and faith on the the dangers, also is Popeenvironmental concerning consensus on scientific emphasis however, Despite unique encyclical. the toward have this additional responsibility an view point (Figure of 3.2).scientific world’s the devotes problems to summarizing encyclical a much from time environmental doctrine, on Catholic religious most focused seriously.encyclical primarily are Although encyclicals planet, the on the to 1.25 not take person just the Catholics who expected billion be might members. over long Consequently, its periods. and Church for the documents solemn are they prayer, ofresult intense study,with others, thought, consultation and often reflection, to awider audience includestimes “all that people of the goodwill.” are Encyclicals Catholic such clergy, groups as including religious, or monastic laypeople, some and sent out of form aletter the Pope by the in Catholicdocument bishops, to all often VaticanCatholic whose the seat Church, is Rome. in APapal ateaching is encyclical provenance the Pope, of the primarily Roman supreme of is the the encyclical pontiff about area But agiven an more subject. times, modern in aparticular in churches Italy. 13th-century handiwork for God the praising of by Nature, of St. who Assisi, Francis written lived in Si Laudato MayOn 24, 2015, Pope encyclical his Francis, head Catholic issued Roman of Church, the Si Laudato Encyclical The Pope for Earth: the Speaks Francis 42 both “ecology”both “economy” and have root, same the With the understanding of what “ecology”With understanding the concept to the “eco expand we means, can Laudato Si Laudato about world adialogue the peoplePope to all begin invites we Francis Catholics, share. Si Laudato “encyclical” Catholic an the ancient Church, the sent to all In to aletter referred Our human inseparability from Nature is based on the concept ofon the “ecology.” based is Nature from inseparability human Our Greek, In Laudato Si Laudato —Latin for “Praise Be to You,” Be for “Praise —Latin Canticle the the of Sun from aline ranges widely across environmental problems in six chapters, beginning with with chapters, problems six beginning in widely ranges environmental across is different from other encyclicals because Pope it because addressed to every Francis encyclicals other from different is 10 is unique. Though it contains many elements of Catholic teaching, the the elements many of Catholic it Though unique. teaching, contains is oikos Sustainability and the Rights the of Nature and Sustainability is the management of management house, that the is , meaning “house.”, meaning 11 , a famous hymn hymn , afamous Ecology is the the is ------Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 17:36 30 Sep 2021; For: 9781315155999, chapter3, 10.1201/9781315155999-4 Other International Voices Rights the for of Nature International Other his predecessors. He makes it clear that the basis of the created world of basis the the it that He predecessors. clear relationship: makes is his St. and John Paul XVI II, Benedict Pope much ranges moreespecially Francis widely than Nation) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Franciscus_in_2015.jpg). Nation) of the Presidency (Argentina Rosada by Casa Photograph Church. Catholic Roman of the Pontiff Pope Francis, FIGURE 3.2 Though the encyclical is based on ecologically oriented on ecologically pronouncements based of is prior popes, encyclical the Though ships. This leads us not only to marvel at the manifold connections existing among existing connections manifold at the to marvel not only us leads This ships. interwoven- relation secretly and ofany constant number find we can universe the throughout that so things, other towards to tend being living to every it proper is turn in and God, towards tend Creatures aweb model, of is relationships. divine world, to the the and according relations, created subsistent are Persons divine The 43 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 17:36 30 Sep 2021; For: 9781315155999, chapter3, 10.1201/9781315155999-4 tions.” latter, the “a calling change, pollution climate and global problem grave with implica the day. of available best with on the consensus scientific begins He its summaries basing innovation. technological in faith societies—blind problem common technological or—a resignation in opposition, quietist deeply of problems set about troubling to out care self-interested this fail of indifference, which gives environmental ethics its meaning.” deepest ethics gives environmental which “leap the education towards transcendent, the makes that environmental to an its, linked hab more into sustainable sensible and metamorphose can awareness that for auniversal He of calls instability, greed. and by uncertainty, fed self-centeredness, feelings sumerism, can be left out, and that includes religion and the language particular to it.” particular language out, left be the and includescan religion that and we damage the haveremedying done, no of form and wisdom sciences of no the branch to develop concerned spirituality. and capable ecology we truly If an are interior life of poetry, and peoples, their art of different their riches shown cultural be various for the word) of the problems. of the widest (inlic must sense the “Respect also understanding 44 give humans “dominion”give humans over earth: the deemed to been often so act of has creation the which of Genesis, in interpretation narrow world,poor of the weight who degradation. the disproportionately bear of environmental other.the Always, added back vision to the placed burden his Pope on the brings Francis separated be from deteriorate one tandem; cannot environments in natural and human the on global inequality, as includes adiscussion society. and toward environment This both carelessness overarching of the part as life, of human quality the in decline the discusses Pope vision, the of next his part integral an decline—are ecological of the part as society planet. We aconversation need includes everyone…” which then discusses the loss of loss biodiversity. the discusses then Boldly, states: encyclical the peoples, severely so compromised He frequently to life. is endanger as but whose quality Laudato Si of Laudato part first The This spiritual understanding leads the Pope to an analysis of current unsustainable con unsustainable of Pope leads current the analysis to an understanding spiritual This The encyclical’s discussion of faith gives the Pope the opportunity to decisively reject the to decisively the encyclical’sThe Pope of reject gives faith the opportunity the discussion Pope’sIntegrated the into adeeply catho is and religious crises enumeration of current breakdown of the human necessities—and human that True of intention ensuring to his Pope’sThe “For is about of anew our dialogue how call we future clarion shaping the are with all creatures. with all and others with God, with communion to live in themselves out going ships, from - intorelation enters he sheor extent the to more sanctified is more and more, matures grows person The human fulfillment. own to our akey to discover but also creatures, and nature…The responsibility for God’s earth means that human beings, endowed beings, human that for God’s means nature…Theand earth responsibility beings human between text[s]…impliesbiblical responsibility of mutual arelationship The creatures. over other absolute dominion justifies over earth the dominion given and God’s in created image being our that notion the …nowadays reject we must forcefully We to us. tence, message nor convey have right. their no such exis very by their to God no longer give glory will of species of us, thousands Because activity. to human related for reasons never know…. extinct become majority great The we will which species animal of and plant of thousands disappearance the sees year Each have themselves. they value in that fact overlooking the exploited,to be while “resources” potential merely as species It not however, of enough, different is to think 15 From there, he moves on to for water, all resource natural most important the 12 explores the many deep-rooted troubles affecting the planet, the troubles deep-rooted explores many affecting the Sustainability and the Rights the of Nature and Sustainability 13 14 16 He also chastises those who those chastises He also 17 - - - - - Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 17:36 30 Sep 2021; For: 9781315155999, chapter3, 10.1201/9781315155999-4 Other International Voices Rights the for of Nature International Other through our human refusal to acknowledge a moral refusal law, nature.” human our our in through “inscribed is which sustainability degradation the and of public social-environmental housing, transport, of development pressure most intense the under often worldwide. place ancestors, are of their resting the and cultures to their lands, sacred traditional their because traditions their and for communities indigenous care to show us asks special cal ideology, encycli The degraded and physical despair behind. both leaving environments of place’s each uniqueness the ecology, consumerist by mass cultural threatened currently includes that ecology of human framework the discussion ofin Nature, awide-ranging in embraced innovation is uncritically. Instead, every new technological unheeded. go for change calling society and individuals from messages the which in pocentrism, Pope’s the has, in Ironically, technocentrism view, even led to an more anthro dangerous thinking. outside of technological straitjacket of to richness the developity own their in way. narrowly abil of focused the robs people aone-dimensional, societies and in This developmentnocratic working paradigm—essentially, toward further the of technology selves power, technology’s unique: and creativity tech the problem the and of globalizing organizations have already begun the work the have of begun already endorsing its collaborating organizations principles and Several Catholic global environment. the and communities international throughout the felt to fully no be doubt for years its it that effects take concerns, will traditional and ogy of rest Nature. the with communion sal to to open univer be hearts for Pope God. human The with relationship into calls humans of God’s alocus of is Nature God; that and continuously, that presence unceasingly, calls of God; Nature’sglory that amanifestation being infinite reveal the myriad relationships is excluded from thatcreature no value to on the Brazil, Canada of Nature, reaffirming world.” abetter to build seeks felt every that action itself in makes political, and and civic also is communion…. and together living Love, care, of mutual gestures overflowingwith small boldly, capacity Pope includes the the for which states: of alifestyle part “Care is for nature capacities. have unique Uncompromisingly of by their humans reason and responsibility ­ universal in creatures to other connected are humans that world the that It God’s of is gratitude, consists of of awareness recognizing and loving gift, conversion? ecological is What us. problems of the confronting magnitude the to recognize for conversion ecological call who, of those or pragmatism opposition, whether from refuse Si Laudato community, international Pope the culminates Francis within cultures tions. genera across extends global society.our also good common the But, this, more than within boundaries cultural across for solidarity acall and person human for the respect accompanied the deteriorationaccompanied the environment.” of the has which decline cultural and much ethical seriously to do has an with challenge up this taking in generations debris, to leaving desolationbe coming filth…. and difficulty Our In addition, he discusses the problems spaces, the of degraded poor living areas, common addition,In he discusses beings placing of ecology—the Pope human to chapter integral devotes Francis entire an The encyclical takes aim at the current plethora of perils that, in some ways, that, plethora in of at current them perils the are aim takes encyclical The world, of bishops the quotes of the regions Japan many encyclical from The to ranging Laudato Si Laudato peoples of many between and science and religion between for discussions many Calling principle good, common Pope of of the the the its requirements pinpoints discussing In between the creatures of this world… of this creatures the between existing equilibria delicate the and laws of nature the must respect intelligence, with 20 “Doomsday predictions can no longer be met with irony or disdain. We no longer irony can may or met with be disdain. “Doomsday well predictions 22 is so vast, so is a profoundly incorporates such and new of vision Catholic theol 18 21 communion—along with the the with communion—along with a with 45 19 ------Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 17:36 30 Sep 2021; For: 9781315155999, chapter3, 10.1201/9781315155999-4 of metal, so called because it resembled in abubble it because in resembled on floating called water.of so metal, plate or boss acircular was a“bulla,” originally with which sealed pope by and issued the what law. today might considered be international proclamation aformal is Apapal bull indigenouspeoples, therights thematter of as a of defined or indirectly licals) directly rights of Spain and Portugal newly to and the ofrights Spain “discovered” lands. later Holy and Catholic the Spain, the Church, the Empire to define Roman within efforts motion peoples indigenous in of the set whatencounter with Americas was to become the For example, of exploitationperiods Columbus’s Christopher victimization. and 1492 one. preceding the dation than novel makes and on it, its approaches horizons, abroader possible enlarges through foun mately obliterate grows out Nevertheless, them. new old, also of paradigm the the builds old of ulti the and paradigm vistas narrow the embraceideas new relationships and all many-faceted sudden, and complexity. aseemingly bewildering, in forth of cascade The issues. related environmental and crisis Catholic ­ the values in steps toward practical to realizing take organizations topics, Catholic other and on these collaborate communities, and monastic parishes, with world’sthe events community and host campus footprint, carbon the poor) for limiting on change of climate network effects of (especially the moral Catholics, case the make Covenant, Catholic the Climate is works which awareness,among these a to raise build message. Prominent Catholic Catholics to non-Catholics widen the and with environmental 46 slave labor. encomienda The encomiendero exchange, to the Catholicism. In them and convert them Spanish fied of to teach number Natives,theresponsibility alongwith (the grantee the area), of an inhabitants whereby indigenous forced the labor and from tribute demand 1503, in right of encomienda the itthem granted Crown. Beginning Spanish of converting the indigenous peoples Catholic indigenous of to the the faith: converting (Spain) Leon and responsibility the of along queen Castile with and king to the lands ered newly It the Americas. allocated the control discov in imperial of Spanish subject the ing Alexander VI’sAlexander Inter Bull, Caetera Divinae peoples indigenous Americas. of the the with ships relation powers their and imperial of European other applied claims to the legal ethics the influenced also papal Portugal, and of bulls these Spain claims imperial the addressing Within the Catholic Church, these efforts (usually in the form of papal bulls and encyc and of form papal (usually the efforts bulls in Catholic these the Church, Within one or more ugly histories Catholicism, have as traditions, such their Some religious in old new an ideas paradigm, the burst in shift abreathtaking with case the often is As By Caetera Inter its terms, Political goals and pressures heavily influenced these papalthese heavilypronouncements. influenced Political pressures and goals Pope islands commonly known as the Azores and Cape Verde. and Azores the as known commonly islands of any the from south west and the towards leagues hundred one distant to be line said the quarter, other any or towards of India direction the in found to be and found are islands and mainlands said the whether no matter south, west and the towards ered discov to be and found, discovered to be and found mainlands and islands all nance, appurte and jurisdictions, rights, all and places, villages, camps, cities, and dominions, their forever, all Leon, with and together of Castile kings successors, and your heirs to you and assign … give, and grant, presents do by ofwe tenor these hold earth, on power…, apostolic of our out fullness accord[W]e, …and of which own the of our encomiendero was an adaptation was system an feudal of European tribute of the purported to grant all the newly the all “discovered” to grant purported to the lands ) was supposedly entrusted with the protection of protection a speci the with ) was supposedly entrusted 23 (issued May 4, 1493), address in wasted no time Sustainability and the Rights the of Nature and Sustainability had the right to use the Natives the right to use had the as 25 24 Though originally originally Though climate-change climate-change (the to right ------Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 17:36 30 Sep 2021; For: 9781315155999, chapter3, 10.1201/9781315155999-4 military, and the colonial elite. colonial military, the and Bysquatters. 1525, of ownership public giventhe was overwhelmingly to officials, lands Spanish of number rural major of forincreasing source income the the livestock, became encomienda system of the As harvesting. and of planting slave seasons the labor during of virtual advantageholders had the and received privilege of grants the most land earliest of the were repeatedly expanded with the support administration. were colonial the of with repeatedly the expanded generation first the of conquistadors, theyet, lead following of these privileges Cortés, of government. colonial structures the integrated into and maintained be had to lower the administration indigenous of of the organization, echelons terms in this Other International Voices Rights the for of Nature International Other ute as were given and paid until now to their priests and lords.” and ute priests now were as to giventheir paid and until give pay and much for to year wit: to as revenue Spain, us each will “They tribute trib and 1523 to in Cortés of Spain peoples stated indigenous explicitly must the that pay monetary king the from revenues directive traditional The region. of the the government to usurp new colonial the and of peoples, Spain indigenous of the allowed king which the tures conquered. overthe people theyhad trusteeship very ers, conquistadors, officials colonial and conquestemployed the of Granada. invad Crown after It the granted Spanish by the … Moreover, it human-induced: is we have nature.” now become aforce dominating previously that occurred. gradual changes the order from of of adifferent is magnitude and conferences. seminars and via nonprofit governments organizations other out with networking and reaching well projects, as as on-the-ground and programs, centrated on developing aknowledge producing and educational training base material, 1994. Sciences, foundedFoundation in for Environmental have Ecology They and con United Islamic was the Kingdom-based 2015. Declaration the force behind driving The August in at Istanbul held asymposium Change on Global in Climate Declaration Islamic unveiled the academics, specialists and environmentalists, of scholars, Muslim coalition Si Laudato after A few months on Global Change Declaration Islamic Climate its to itsrepresent life. needs, rights and Si Laudato his issued Francis and nonhuman), and the growing impoverishment of all future generations. future impoverishmentof all nonhuman), growing and the and human (both suffering resultant the crises, responsible foris social-environmental many it one that newly of replace vision it narrowed extant such that paradigm the can emerging on Earth. An urgent and radical reappraisal is called for.” called is radical reappraisal urgent and An on Earth. life of sources the flawsin way serious are resources—the there that havewe natural used sive Earth’s of the amounts “We resources: driven to warnings conclude are these from Revolution, on to note Industrial have goes that, mas the Declaration since used humans Although Although encomiendas personal king, of the wishes According to the After the conquest the of Mexico (1519–1521),After struc administrative the co-opted Spanish the The Islamic Declaration begins by noting that, “The pace of Global climate change today that, pace by “The noting change of Global climate begins Declaration Islamic The However, on May 24, 2015 (522 Pope after years VI’s Alexander of May Bull 4, 1493), Pope was gradually reformed and phased out, farming, which included raising included raising which out, phased was gradually and reformed farming, encomienda did not legally confer the rights of private rights did the not for confer legally land, the property in which he outlined opportunities to speak for the Earth, Earth, for to the speak opportunities he outlined which in 27 and after more than ayear’s more than a after drafts, and work of refining 28 It is our obligation to encourage and nurture this It this obligation our is to encourage nurture and 31 were to be reserved only for only were to reserved be 26 In order In to accomplish 29 30 The The 47 - - - - - Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 17:36 30 Sep 2021; For: 9781315155999, chapter3, 10.1201/9781315155999-4 ble.” alreadyand overloaded finite is that aplanet in via is not growth economic unlimited leaders to renewable to commit of nations other energy, after to chase that to “realize and reminded: “We recognize that we that accountable are actions.” “We our forreminded: all recognize We have no of rest right to or creation oppress it cause the harm.” states, “We whom but with earth. are we the one multitude beings of share the of living modified organisms, and severe impacts to human andhealth. severeimpacts to human organisms, modified genetically and of species tion habitats, of of alien ecosystems, introduction impairment of land, air, water, to contamination destruc of the change says which nothing oceans, and global climate range from of which consequences the consumption, and nomic growth ing, and his actions to protect the rights of all living beings. living of rights all to protect the actions his and ing, Prophet to act to according the have Muhammad’s aresponsibility liv example of frugal passes all of creation, all passes 48 Endnotes to less wealthynations. assistance and technical financial it condition elevating world’s the of and the ofthat preserving poor,” provide well as as profit to environment the from unethical from concerns “re-focussumption, and their con and emissions gas greenhouse reducing states” drastically leadership to exercise in Prophet Muhammad. Prophet degradation, of loss biodiversity, and environmental change, byexample following the of 5. 4. 3.

10. The Declaration affirms that Allah created each thing for truth andright, for andencom truth for thing created each Allah that affirms Declaration The The Declaration ends with a call to the parties to the “well-off oil-producing to the and nations parties to the acall with ends Declaration The 6. 1. 7. 2. 8. 9.

38 Te Urewera Act 2014. cit. op. Ibid. Ibid. 601.html#DLM6183888 (accessed 23, August 2016). Te Urewera Act 2014. http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2014/0051/latest Devon O’Neil. Parks Are PeopleDevon Parks Are O’Neil. Too. cit. op. Ibid. (accessed 23, August 2016).-people-too-legally-speaking PeopleDevon Parks Are O’Neil. Too. http://www.outsideonline.com/2102536/parks-are​ -awards-legal-rights-person-nature/ (accessed April 4, (accessed April 2017).-awards-legal-rights-person-nature/ http://www.climatechangenews.com/2017/04/03/indian-court ecosystem. to entire of a person rights.org/ganga-right-act/ (accessed 23, August 2016); rights awards legal (2) and court Indian http://www.ganga River Basin. Ganga of the Rights the (1) Act: Recognizing Rights Ganga The -policy/river-new-zealand-granted-legal-rights-person.html (accessed November 28, 2016). 28, November (accessed -policy/river-new-zealand-granted-legal-rights-person.html http://www.treehugger.com/environmental of Personhood. Rights aRiver the Grants Zealand (accessed 18, August 2015);-me-implications-river-receiving (3) and Messenger. Stephen New http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/i-am-river-and-river Status. Personhood of aRiver Receiving Implications Me: River is The the River and the I Am /nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10830586 (accessed 18, August 2015); (2) Kennedy. Brendan identity. River to legal http://www.nzherald Whanganui entitles Agreement Shuttleworth. (1) on: based is New Zealand Kate River in Whanganui of the discussion foregoing The St. Bonaventure University,St. Bonaventure NY. St. Bonaventure, (1996) 244 pp. Doyle.Eric Sisterhood and St. Francis Song Brotherhood the of and Finally, the Declaration calls upon all Muslims to tackle the root causes of climate of climate causes root the to tackle Muslims upon all Finally, calls Declaration the (Part 1, (Part 3). Subpart (Part 1, (Part 1). Subpart 39 32 as well as the corruption humans have eco by caused unceasing humans corruption the well as as Sustainability and the Rights the of Nature and Sustainability 33 37 . Franciscan Institute Publications, Publications, Institute . Franciscan In Section 2.6, Declaration the Section In 36 The Declaration requests the the requests Declaration The 34 35 Muslims are thus thus are Muslims Furthermore, they they Furthermore, ​/DLM6183​ ​.co.nz ------​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 17:36 30 Sep 2021; For: 9781315155999, chapter3, 10.1201/9781315155999-4

39. 22. 38. 21. 37. 26. 20. 36. 35. 34. 19. 33. 18. 32. 17. 31. 16. 15. 14. 13. Other International Voices Rights the for of Nature International Other 12. 23. 24. The Bull Bull 25. The 27. 28. 29. 30. 11. Ibid. 2015). Covenant. http://www.catholicclimatecovenant.org/ Climate Catholic (accessed 20, August Ibid. Ibid. .org/cathen/03052b.htm (accessed 20, August 2015). Advent New Briefs. and Bulls Encyclopedia: Catholic Knight. Kevin Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. /pages/legal/indig-inter-caetera.html (accessed 19, August 2015). Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. (1992):444–459. Mexico, 1521–1620. Central in property Geographers American of Association the of Annals Indian and colonization J. Spanish Prem. Hanns on: based are paragraphs three preceding The Ibid. Ibid. cit. [in English]. op. Home Common Laudato for Our Holy Care on Si of The Letter Father Francis Encyclical Ibid. Ibid. http://www.ifees.org.uk/about/our-story/ ecoislam. ifees. (accessed July 15, 2016). Ibid. Ibid. 2016). /2016/06/Climate_Declaration_final_edit_web.pdf 1.5) Section (Preamble, July (accessed 15, http://www.ifees.org.uk/wp-content Change. Climate Global on Declaration Islamic Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. 19, August 2015). (accessed _enciclica-laudato-si.html w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524 Home Common [in English]. http:// forLaudato Our Holy Care on Si of The Father Francis Si Laudato his and of Pope Francis discussion foregoing The (Section 3.6). (Section IV–V, (Chapter 4, Sections 231). and 228 subsections (Section 3.3). (Section 161–162). (Subsections (Section 3.2). (Section IV–V). (Chapter 4, Sections (Sections 2.7 and 2.8). 2.7 and (Sections 155). II, subsection (Chapter 4, Section (Section 2.5). (Section 67–68). II, subsections (Chapter 2, Section (Section 2: (Section 2.1, 2.2). 63). I, subsection (Chapter 2, Section (Preamble, Section 1.3). Section (Preamble, 33). (Chapter subsection III, 1, Section (Chapter 1, Section 1, subsection 25). (Chapter 1, 1, subsection Section (Introduction, subsection 14). subsection (Introduction, (Chapter 6, Section II, subsection 210). II, subsection (Chapter 6, Section (Chapter 6, Section VII, subsection 240). subsection VII, (Chapter 6, Section Inter Caetera (Alexander VI), May 4, 1493 [in English]. http://www.nativeweb.org​ is based on: Encyclical Letter Letter Encyclical on: based is , http://www.newadvent​ ​/uploads​ , 82 49 ​ Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 17:36 30 Sep 2021; For: 9781315155999, chapter3, 10.1201/9781315155999-4 http://taylorandfrancis.com