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2019 a Study in Population Geography Study PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(3): 1718-1735 ISSN: 00333077 PROVINCE WORKING FEMALE FORCES IN THE STUDY IN A 20 19 - 1997 PERIOD FOR THE NAJAF NAJAF OF )POPULATION GEOGRAPHY STUDY) Helen Mohammed Abdulhussein Teacher at the Geography Department, College of Education for Girls, Kofa University / Iraq [email protected]. Abstract The interest of geographers in the issue of the workforce comes from being one of the geographical phenomena that vary in distribution and characteristics. It is linked by spatial relationships with the rest of the phenomena and variables within the spatial space most countries. The females represent the element of the workforce whose participation is most sensitive to economic and social pressures. There is a great debate about women's work that is limited to traditional duties towards their families, such family care, childbearing and childcare. Others see the need for her to go out to work outside the home and enter the labor market because she plays a role equal to the role of men in pushing forward the development process. The work of women is considered an economic and social necessity, especially in the era of accelerated scientific and technological progress. Work provides for her and her family a material income, strengthens her personality and develops a sense of self-confidence as her being hostage to domestic work only disrupts her ability, potentials and energies, and society loses an important part of the energies of its members. Article Received: 18 October 2020, Revised: 3 November 2020, Accepted: 24 December 2020 Introduction go out to work. However, the spread of education Geographers are interested in studying the female and the entry of modern methods have led to her workforce geographically based on showing the exit and participation in various businesses such as spatial and temporal variations of their distribution teaching, trade and other services, and the female and change. Despite the great importance of the contribution is the second source of the workforce female workforce, geographical studies about them in any region. Her degree of contribution varies in Iraq are few and limited and no commiserating according to social and economic variables such as with their importance and impact on economic and education and the average age of women upon social life. marriage, such as marriage rates for females and The working woman is the one who works outside lower mortality rates. The participation of women the home and gets a financial wage for her work and in work improves their economic status on the one at the same time performs her roles as a wife and hand and increases economic efficiency and mother. improves overall development in society on the Islam honored women and gave them a great other hand. It emphasizes the importance of work position, and from this honor is that it did not for women and that there is no difference between require her to work. However, Muslim women were their work or discrimination on the work carried out keen to work outside the home for many reasons by men's. Many verses have emphasized this: such as needs to lose the breadwinner, or to help ((And whoever does righteous deeds, male or him if he is in need, or to the society's need for her female, while he is a believer, then those of you work. Also, women's work is determined according will enter Paradise and do not oppress a poor)). to traditions which suits the society in which they The theoretical framework of the study live. The traditions in Arab societies prefer Arab Theoretical framework: women to stay at home and do not encourage her to First :The problem of the study: 1718 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(3): 1718-1735 ISSN: 00333077 It is questions that have not been answered, part of the Republic of Iraq, Map (1). Kingdom of and the research problem is as follows: Saudi Arabia, and from the northwest bordered by 1) What are the most important factors affecting Al-Anbar Governorate. the size of the female workforce in the study Fifth of : systematic study and its style: The approach and method ؟area 2) Is there a clear spatial and temporal In order to achieve the main goal of the study, discrepancy in the distribution of the female the researcher followed in conducting this study workforce, especially after the war situations the statistical method due to the direct and large that the country has gone through and the dependence on the data of the 1997 census and the implications that this has had on females? estimates of 2019. The statistical tables were made and the descriptive analytical Second :the hypothesis of the study : approach was followed, according to what was The occurrence of a large increase in the applied from the descriptive statistical equations size of the female workforce because of the that depend on the proportions of the answers in the population growth, its impact on the job supply, age field study to obtain appropriate interpretations of structure and the population growth rate according the data of each educational situation in the study to age groups and the dependency ratio. There is area. also a spatial variation in the distribution of the female workforce at the level of the administrative The second topic : First : units of the study area as well as their temporal the characteristics of the female variation. Census: 2019 - 1997 Third : the importance and reasons for choosing The size of the population is one of the the study: Importance and causes most important human factors in determining the The issue of the workforce is one of the size of work. The change in the size of the entity, population issues that are concerned with the size of whether by increase or decrease, is called the term the forces in our human society. It is a result of the growth .As the population society is characterized increasing and rapid changes that the country has by the nature of population increase or decrease, witnessed, and that the increasing supply of goods this nature is represented by life activities, and services. This has led to an increase in demand especially births, which represent the factor of and entry into its field for a working human force, increase in society. In contrast, deaths represent the especially female. factor of increase or decrease in it, and among the Fourth : the boundaries of the study elements of population growth is also migration area : The boundaries of the study area whose effect is determined to increase or decrease The boundaries of the search are represented by according to its trends It means growth Najaf district, which is located in the southwestern 1719 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(3): 1718-1735 ISSN: 00333077 Figure (1) Najaf Province site from Iraq Source : General Survey Authority, Iraq proportion in which it exceeds the birth rate. Administrative Map, Baghdad , 2013 Therefore, studying population growth and spatial The population increase is, in the simplest sense, movement, and identifying them helps in knowing the difference between the rate of births and deaths, the increase in population numbers and the inferring and this difference is known as the natural increase aspects of expected changes in the future. The of the population, as the number of population in participation of females in a society in the category the province of Najaf in 1997 and the size of the (15-64) is for every hundred females in that population is one of the distinct demographic community. The same is true for the same class phenomena in the modern era. It represents an during a certain period of time. The size of the important human aspect, especially for developing population effectively affects the labor supply, whose population is increasing in a high countries because it is the individual who consumes 1720 www.psychologyandeducation.net PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION (2021) 58(3): 1718-1735 ISSN: 00333077 economic services and commodities, which has an impact on the developmental trend .The size of the impact on their demand and the demand for work to workforce varies from one society to another, The .produce them, thus affecting the labor supply according to the social, economic and political population is the main source of the available conditions on the one hand, and the demographic workforce in any society, and that changes in the realities on the other hand .The size of the size of the population and their age and gender population is what affects the labor component that composition are direct and influencing factors in the interacts as a material with other elements. If the size of the supply of the workforce. The population population is large, then the labor component must is a dynamic society that changes according to be large in terms of size and able to exploit natural natural and human causes and factors that have an resources. The size of the population as a whole is impact on the rate of births, deaths and spatial linked to a set of demographic and social factors movement. Consequently, its impact on the size of and why the person is a producer and consumer. At the population is reflected positively or negatively the same time, there is no difference between the in a place, and this movement has an impact on the situation of the large population and that of the age and gender composition of the population in small population in terms of the supply and demand this community, and this in turn affects the size of of work during a specific period of time, but the The population of Iraq is about .the work force in it effects of the population at work depend on the 31.7 million people, and more than half of them are relationship between the size of the population and women.
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