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Urochordata, Pyuridae A preliminary evaluation of the distribution and trophodynamics of demersal fish from Spencer Gulf Report to the South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage SARDI Publication No. F2010/000088-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 424 David R. Currie and Shirley J. Sorokin SARDI Aquatic Sciences PO Box 120 Henley Beach SA 5022 February 2010 A preliminary evaluation of the distribution and trophodynamics of demersal fish from Spencer Gulf Report to the South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage David R. Currie and Shirley J. Sorokin February 2010 SARDI Publication No. F2010/000088-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 424 Currie, D.R. and Sorokin, S.J. (2010) Trophodynamics of fish from Spencer Gulf This Publication may be cited as: Currie, D.R. and Sorokin, S.J. (2010). A preliminary evaluation of the distribution and trophodynamics of demersal fish from Spencer Gulf. Report to the South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2010/000088-1. South Australian Research and Development Institute SARDI Aquatic Sciences 2 Hamra Avenue West Beach SA 5024 Telephone: (08) 8207 5400 Facsimile: (08) 8207 5406 http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au DISCLAIMER The authors warrant that they have taken all reasonable care in producing this report. The report has been through the SARDI internal review process, and has been formally approved for release by the Chief of Division. Although all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure quality, SARDI does not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions. SARDI does not accept any liability for the contents of this report or for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed upon it. © 2010 SARDI This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the authors. Printed in Adelaide: February 2010 SARDI Publication No. F2010/000088-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 424 Author(s): Dr David R. Currie and Ms Shirley J. Sorokin Reviewers: Dr Michael A. Steer and Mr Cameron D. Dixon Approved by: Dr Jason E. Tanner Signed: Date: 10 February 2010 Distribution: Public Domain Circulation: SARDI Library SARDI Aquatic Sciences Report - Page I Currie, D.R. and Sorokin, S.J. (2010) Trophodynamics of fish from Spencer Gulf TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... III LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................... III LIST OF APPENDICES..............................................................................................................IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 1 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 BACKGROUND................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................................................... 5 2 METHODS............................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 FISH SAMPLING ............................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 DIETARY COMPOSITION................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 STATISTICAL ANALYSES.................................................................................................................................. 8 2.3.1 Data standardisation ............................................................................................................................ 8 2.3.2 Species composition and distribution ................................................................................................... 8 2.3.3 Dietary composition.............................................................................................................................. 9 2.3.4 Trophic model....................................................................................................................................... 9 3 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................... 11 3.1 COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FISH COMMUNITIES ............................................................................. 11 3.1.1 Species abundance, biomass and occurrence ..................................................................................... 11 3.1.2 Environmental linkages ...................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.3 Community structure........................................................................................................................... 15 3.1.4 Regional differences in biomass ......................................................................................................... 19 3.2 FISH DIETS..................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.1 Differences in prey composition between species............................................................................... 21 3.2.2 Multivariate analyses of guild structure ............................................................................................. 24 3.3 TROPHIC MODEL............................................................................................................................................ 28 4 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................... 32 4.1 SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION.................................................................................................... 32 4.2 DIETARY COMPOSITION................................................................................................................................. 33 4.3 TROPHIC MODEL............................................................................................................................................ 34 4.4 FUTURE RESEARCH ....................................................................................................................................... 35 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 36 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... 41 SARDI Aquatic Sciences Report - Page II Currie, D.R. and Sorokin, S.J. (2010) Trophodynamics of fish from Spencer Gulf LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Bathymetric map of Spencer Gulf showing the locations of 120 sites sampled by commercial prawn trawlers during February 2007....................................................................... 7 Figure 2. Bubble plots of demersal fish abundance, biomass and richness at 120 trawl sites in the Spencer Gulf surveyed during February 2007. Note all values presented are standardised to an area of one hectare............................................................................................................... 14 Figure 3. Non-metric MDS plots of a) demersal fish community structure at 120 trawl sites sampled in Spencer Gulf during February 2007, with b) regional symbols superimposed on ordination: green triangles = north (<120 km from top of Gulf (TOG)), blue circles = central (120- 230 km from TOG), red diamonds = south (230-300 km from TOG). ........................................ 17 Figure 4. Map of Spencer Gulf showing the locations of 120 trawl sampling sites surveyed during February 2007, and their classification into three regional groups following MDS ordination of fish biomass. ......................................................................................................... 18 Figure 5. Mean biomass (grams per hectare) of the 10 most common species in each of three regions of Spencer Gulf identified in MDS ordination (Figure 3b).............................................. 21 Figure 6. Dendrogram of similarities (Euclidean distance) in dietary composition of 101 fish species collected from Spencer Gulf. Five feeding guilds are recognised (a = echinoderm specialists, b = piscivorous fish, c = mollusc specialists, d = crustacean specialists, e = worm specialists). ................................................................................................................................26 Figure 7. Proportional biomass of main dietary components in the guts of fish comprising five feeding guilds identified from cluster analysis (a = echinoderm specialists, b = piscivorous fish, c = mollusc specialists, d = crustacean specialists, e = worm specialists). .................................. 28 Figure 8. Estimates of total prey consumption (g ha-1 day-1) by 132 demersal fish in three regions (north, central, south)
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