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Volume 13, No. 1, 1981

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Volume 13, No. 1, 1981 Vol. 13, No. 1 April 19 Notes from the Editor: Wrts on CLnrent Field Wor . Contri tions for the Support of the MA& Resw?h Council ............ 2 Research Notes Research in East Kalbntan on Interactions between People and Forests: A Preliminary Report .... 3 Why Lb Apo Kayan Shifting Cultivators Pbve? .... ................Timthy C. Jessup 16 Some Consonantal knmd Changes in the Kadazan Dia- lects of the Pmaqmg, Papar, and Beaufort Dis- tricts of Sabah, Mdlaysia .....Inka Pekkimen 33 Brief hnmmications 47 News and Amouncenents Borneo News Book Reviews, Abstracts, and Bibliography Colin N. Crisswell: Rajah Charles Bmoke: Mmarch of All He Surveyed (R. H. W. Reece) ........ 59 Luuim. D. M.. W. Chin, and E. R. Dingley, eds.: - - fibalu: sumit of Borneo .......... Nababan, P. W. J. : Languages of Indonesia ..... Nicolaisen. Joharmes: Penan Death-names ...... Nqwndoh. R.: Bidayuh Gawai Mpijog Rantau Festival . Rousseau, Jercme: Kayan Stratification ...... Rubenstein, Carol: The Honey Tree Song: Poem, Chants, and Epics of Sarawak Day& ........... S~3l-l ict: e Pelian Bejereki: Iban Rite of Expectant Mther .-,--,-. Szi&yQ Fen?! an ... earner. Clifford: Iban Folk Mycology ....... Bibli mB meo &search Bulletin is published twice yearly (Apri and S the Borneo .- eptanber) by Research Council. Please address all hquiries and contributions for publication to Vinson H. Sudive, Jr., Editor, Romeo Research Bulletin, Dep artment 0f AnChropolom. College of William v-TzTinb burg, vir- Single issues are available at IS$ 2 NOTES m THE EDITOR Reports on current field mkdominate tkis issue, and are encouraging. During the late 1970s there was a decline in proportion of such reports, and an increase in the proportion of contributions based upon work completed a year or meprior to publication, analyses of literary sources, or discussions of issues addressed in earlier volumes. Lest these remarks be misunderstood or misconstrued as ungracious, let me hasten to note that the change was inwitable and, perhaps, even desir- able. For a variety of reasons there was a mnaller nmber of researchers in the field, and we had an opportunity to reflect upon and consolidate hypotheses and conclusions. Publication of one's mterials after leaving the field is usual. Eteviw and reinterpretation of one's materials are iqortant. And analyses and syntheses of published mterials, as well as exchanges based upon differences of opinions, are essential aspects of scholarship. We are indebted to those scblars wbenhanced the Bulletin and enriched its readers throughout the 1970s. Volune 13 seems auspicious in the r*rmber of reports treating current and continuing research. In addition to mterials appearing here, we have received articles by Carol J. Pierce Colfer, Andreas Wssing, and Joseph Weinstock for the next issue. We invite prompt suMssion of field reports, and encourage the contribution of types of mterials. We had intended to publish a "List of Fellows" in this issue, but have decided to delay it until September in order to accormPdate the research reports which appear hde. Ox gratitude is expressed to the following persons who have made financial contributions for the support of the Bulletin: E. K. Adams, &tin bier, Ian Baillie, kth Carol Bames and RFcmFidler, Paul Beavitt, Stanley Bedlington, E. J. H. Corner, Barbara Harrisson, Stephanie Wrgan, Christine Padoch, Ifor B. Powell, &. and &s. Paul Sack, William Scimeider, Richard Shutler, Barbara B. Smith, Orville Smith, John Sutter, Carol and Jams Warren, Peter Weldon, and William Wilder. THE BORNEO RESEARCH COUNCIL The Borneo Research Council was founded in 1968 and its hership consists of Fellows, an internatid group of scholars vho are professionally engaged in research in Borneo. The goals of the Council are (1) to promte scientFfic research in Borneo; (2) to permit the research cdty,inte- rested Borneo government departments and others to keep abreast of ongoing research and its results; (3) to serve as a vehicle for drmhg attention to urgent research problems; (4) to coordinate the flow of infation on Borneo research arising from mmy diverse sources; (5) to disseninate rapidly the initial results of research acvitity; and (6) to facilitate research by reporting on ment conditions. The functions (continued on p. 6 The third main location was the vicinity of East Kalirmntan's beaning capital city of Samarinda. Initial work here, consisting of recomissance RESEARCH NOTES trips and surveys by me and students of Wawannan University, began in October 1979. A supplerent from the U.S. Agency for International Develop- ment to the original U.S. Forest Service project grant enabled four Indonesian hwecology trainees, Drs . Syamuni Anmn (Tanjung Pura Wver- RESEARCH IN EAST KAZ.= ON I~GI?O~BFIWEEN sity, Pontianak) , Ir. M. Brotokusm (Mulaw- Uhiversity , Samarinda) , PEOPLE AND FORESTS: A PFEL'IEENARY REPORT Dr. G. M. Hatta (Mung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru) , and Drs . A. Sahur (Hasanuddin Lhiversity , Ujmg Pandang) , to begin intensive research in the Samarinda vicinity in March and April of 1980 for approxhtely five-month periods. A fifth Indonesian hmecology trainee, Dra. Mini Andrew P. Vayda M. Sangat (Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor), joined the Ap Kayan research team Cook College, Rutgers University fur elevm weeks beginning in May 1980. In addition to the investigators at these locations, another hrican investigator, Nancy Lee Peluso (fomly at Gadjah Mada Universiv, Because of the rapidity with'which social and ecological changes are ! Yogyakarta), was engaged in research from October 1979 to July 1980 in l occurring in East Kalimantan (Daroesman 1979, Kartawinata et al. 1978). selected forest, village, and urban locations where the so-called minor it has become urgent to make forest management in the province mre forest products are collected or traded and along the riverine and land effective and to canbine it with development that benefits the people trade routes by which they are transported. As a senior research associate who live in or by the forest and use it. Policymakers atterrpting to of the project, Dr. Kuswata Kartawinata (head, Herbariun Bogoriense) visited achieve these objectives have been handicapped by the lack of infom- all of the research locations and held consultations with all investigators. tion on existing uses of forests by people in East Kalimantan. The As project director, I myself made several visits to the locations from my U.S.-Indonesian ElAB (Man and Biosphere progrd project on "Interactions , base in Samarinda and frequently exchanged letters with the mre remtely between People and Forests in East Kalimantan, " supported by funds hrom located investigators regarding their research. Face-to-face consultations the U. S. Forest Service and the U .S . Agency for International Develop- between me and the investigators in the Samarinda vicinity were easier to ment and administered by the Envirmnt and Policy Institute of the arrange and occurred one or more tims per week. Much of my tirre was East-West Center, was intended to provide such informtion. More devoted to administrative aspects of the project. specifically, research undertaken in the project was intended to show: (1) the range of people's forest-related hmledge; (2) their repertoire Given the limited time and £unds available in the project, the rapidity and of forest-related activities; (3) the variety of situations in which uniquity of change in East Kalimultan, and the lack of previous wrk to decisions to engage in those activities or to change them are made; build on, the investigators did not concentrate on obtaining findings as a and (4) the environmental and socioeconcmic effects that the activities result of highly regorous and quantitative studies. Instead they resorted have. mainly to ad hoc combinations of qualitative and quantitative methods to discwer and analyze irrportant processes and system that are operating in Wee main locations mechosen for the research because of the East Kalimantan (cf. Hill 1970; -preface and Ch-s 1980 on that the latter opportunities they afford for studying significant variations in shift- calls "quick-and-clean" methods of rural research) . The project is, hawever, ing cultivation and other forest-related activities and in the conditions providing a foundation for mre specialized and rigorous studies. A pro- mder wtlich they are practiced. The two locations to which two hrican posal for such studies in the Qo Kayan has already been submitted (Vayda investigators, Tinvthy C. Jessup (Graduate Program in Ecology, Rutgers with Jessup 1980) . biversity) and Dr. Carol J. P. Colfer (University of Hawaii at Moa), and one Indonesian investigatur, Drs. Herwasono Soedjito (Herbariun Wlike sam other hman ecologists (e.g., Boyden 1979), the investigators Bogoriense, Bogor), wre deployed in September and October of 1979 are: also did not undertake to observe and describe comprehensively the lives (1) the rmte interior plateau called the Apo Kayan, which is the home and interacths of the people studied. Instead, they concentrated their of nearly ten thousand Dayak people living in longhouse comrmnities, attention on particular activities that affect or can affect the forest possessing a wealth of forest-related knawledge, and practicing an and on the causes and effects of those activities. apparently stable, long- fallcw, forest-maintaining form of shifting cultivation; and (2) the Telen River luwland area, where settlements of The approaches used by the investigators have already served to produce
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