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Level of Investigation of the Species from the Family Perlodidae Klapalek, 1912 (Insecta: Plecoptera) in Several River Basins from Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Level of Investigation of the Species from the Family Perlodidae Klapalek, 1912 (Insecta: Plecoptera) in Several River Basins from Bosnia and Herzegovina Level of Investigation of the Species from the family Perlodidae Klapalek, 1912 (Insecta: Plecoptera) in Several River Basins from Bosnia and Herzegovina Mahir Gajević (1), Sadbera Trožić-Borovac (1), Rifat Škrijelj (1), Samir Đug (1), Aldijana Mušović (1), Senad Šljuka (1) (1) Faculty of Science Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Abstract The results of long-term investigations of the species from the family Perlodidae Klapalek, 1912 from the basins of the rivers Vrbas, Bosnia, Drina and Neretva have been presented in this paper. The data from investigations carried out in the period from 1970 up to date have been used. On the basis of the results of the analysis of gathered specimens and literature data, 10 species was recorded. They are presented together with dates of collection in various river basins. Also, the analysis of the level of investigation and zoogeographic distribution of the representatives of this group of organisms has been carried out. The results of the level of threat of this family and importance of protection and maintenance of waterways in Bosnia and Herzegovina as habitats of these species from the Perlodidae family have been presented Keywords: Perlodidae, Bosnia and Herzegovina, distribution, conservation Introduction The perlodids belongs to the order Plecoptera, who are very old group of insect. The order has a long fossil record extending back to the early Permian. There are two suborders whitin this order (Arctoperlaria and Antarctoperlaria), and family Perlodidae belongs to Arctoperlaria. Most of the perlodids species have larvae with very distinctive types of dark and light contrasting color patterns. The preferred habitat is rocky streams with a noticeable current. Adults range from pastel yellow or green to very dark brown and almost black. Size variation is also great, from small species 8- 10 mm to large species over 50 mm. The male genitalia are highly sclerotized, and the everted aedeagus is usually armed with sclerotized hooks, stylets, or bands. All species are primarily carnivores, especially as mature larvae. Adults have nonfunctional mouthparts, and do not feed but simply mate and die a short time after emergence. This large family contains 40 genera and about 250 species. Several genera are monotypic, but one subfamily, the Isoperlinae, contains nearly 150 species, most of which belong to genus Isoperla. Perlodids are found throghout the Holartic Region, and one genus, Filchneria, extends to the Oriental region. Genus Arcynopteryx contains the circumpolar species A. compacta, but most genera are endemic to a narrow geographical region. Faunistic and taxonomic studies of plecoptera and perlodids have started in Europe more than a century ago. The first data about plecoptera In Bosnia and Herzegovina appeared at the end of 19th century (Klapalek, 1898; 1902; 1906a; 1906b). Faunistic studies of plecoptera in Bosnia and Herzegovina. showing that there are 75 species whitin this order. Main contributors in knowledge of plecoptera fauna in Bosnia and Herzegovina are Aubert (1963, 1964), Kaćanski (1971a, 1971b, 1978, 1983), Trožić-Borovac (2001). BALWOIS 2012 – Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 28 May, 2 June 2012 1 General characteristics of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina is located between 42° 26’ and 45° 15’ latitude north and 15° 45’ and 19° 41’ longitude east. In geomorphological terms it is a complex of mountain and hilly areas with Perpanonic planes. It is a southeastern European country in the Mediterranean region located in the Balkan Peninsula. Hydrological river basins (watersheds) in Bosnia and Herzegovina belong in the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea watersheds. The total area of Bosnia and Herzegovina is 51 197 km2, with 51 percent in mountain regions. The mountain regions range from 700 to 2 386 m in altitude. Of the total area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, about 38 790 km2 (75,76 percent) belongs to the Black Sea watershed and about 12 410 km2 (24,24 percent) to the Adriatic Sea watershed (Figure 1). The total area of Bosnia and Herzegovina is separated into eight river basins (Figure 2): the Sava river basin, the Una with the Korana and the Glina river basin, the Vrbas river basin, the Bosna river basin, the Drina river basin, the Neretva river basin, the Trebisnjica river basin, the Cetina river basin. In this paper we sudied five of them: the Una with the Korana and the Glina river basin, the Vrbas river basin, the Bosna river basin, the Drina river basin and the Neretva river basin. Adriatic Sea watershed 24,24% Black Sea w atershed 75,76% Figure 1. Bosnia and Herzegovina’s watersheds Hydrologic characteristics of investigated river basins The Vrbas river basin. The source of the Vrbas River is located in a mountain massif named the Vranica in the central part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Vrbas water basin is mainly in the west part of Bosnia (the central part of the Dynaride system). The river drains mountain massifs up to Krupa town. South and west parts of the water basin are located in karst zones. The Vrbas River has a pluvial–snow water regime. It is characterized by high spring and autumn flows. Winter and summer water flows are low. The Bosna river basin. The headwater of the Bosna River is a strong karst source in the foothills of Igman mountain. The Bosna water basin includes central parts of Bosnia. The course of the Bosna River is directed northwards, following the decreasing altitude of mediumheight Bosnian mountains. The Bosna River has a pluvial–winter water regime. It has high water flow levels in spring and lower water flow in autumn. It is characterized by low flow levels in summer and winter. BALWOIS 2012 – Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 28 May, 2 June 2012 2 The Drina river basin. The Drina River consists of two smaller streams, the Piva and the Tara, appearing at the border with Montenegro. The Drina water basin surrounds central parts of the Dynaride system. It has a pluvial–snow regime. It has important high spring water flows caused by snow melting, and high autumn water flows caused by autumn rains. Summer and winter water flows are low. The Neretva river basin. The Neretva River has its headwater in the Zelengora mountain. The Neretva River drains out a karst area of almost 250 km total length. This is the greatest water reach of any river in a karst zone in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is connected to the Trebisnjica River by underground flows from a surrounding surface area of about 1 250 km2. Figure 2. River basins in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Sava river basin (1), Una with the Korana and the Glina river basin (2), Vrbas river basin (3), Bosna river basin (4), Drina river basin (5), Neretva river basin (6), Trebisnjica river basin (7), Cetina river basin (8) Material and methods In this study we used material collected from different water bodies in basins of Vrbas river, Bosna river, Drina river and Neretva river. Material was collected during 1960’s and 1970’s. Samples of perlodids were collected by hand using insect net and Surber’s net for collection of larval stages. All samples were preserved in etil-achohol or prepared. In this study we also used a historical data about foundings of perlodids in studied river basins. Results and discussion During this study of Perlodids in four river basins in Bosnia an Herzegovina a total of ten species from three genera were recorded. The greatest diversity is found in Bosna and Drina river basin (seven species each), and Vrbas (3) and Neretva (4) river basins were less diverse (Table 1, Figure 3). BALWOIS 2012 – Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 28 May, 2 June 2012 3 Table 1. Diversity of perlodids in invesigated river basins in Bosnia and Herzegovina Drina river Bosna river Vrbas river Neretva river Species basin basin basin basin Perlodes intricata (Pictet, 1842) + - - + Perlodes microcephala (Pictet, 1833) + + - - Isoperla albanica Aubert, 1964 + + - - Isoperla buresi Raušer, 1962 + + - - Isoperla grammatica (Poda, 1767) - + - - Isoperla oxylepis (Despax, 1936) + + + + Isoperla tripartita Illies, 1954 + + + + Isoperla graeca Aubert, 1956 + - - - Isoperla intermis Kaćanski & Zwick, 1970 - - - + Arcynopteryx compacta (Mclachlan, 1872) + + + - Figure 3. Number of species in each river basin Bosna river basin. The Bosna River originates from thirty karst springs in the village Vrutci near Ilidža at the foot of Mount Igman, at an altitude of about 500 m. The river flows into the Sava at Bosanski Samac, and belongs to the Black Sea watershed. Its length is 275 km. The main tributaries of the River Bosna are: Miljacka, Željeznica, Krivaja, Lašva, Spreča and Usora. Faunal processing is based on the results of determining the shape of adult material collected mostly in the 1960’s, and before (since 1958) in the flowing stream of the upper Bosna river basin, and larvae collected in 2010 in this area. BALWOIS 2012 – Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 28 May, 2 June 2012 4 During this study of family Perlodidae from springs, spring regions, streams and rivers a total of seven species, whitin two genera, were recorded. Most of species was oserved whitin genus Isoperla (5) and Perlodes (2). Perlodes intricata (Pictet, 1842) Localities: Hrasnički stream in Mt. Treskavica (Sustavaci), altitude 1200 m, 27.5.1969, 1 f. Perlodes microcephala (Pictet, 1833) Localities: Zaruđanski stream, altitude 960 m, 24. 4. 1968, 1 f; Zaruđanski stream 2, altitude 910 m, 6.6.1967, 3 f. Isoperla albanica Aubert, 1964 Localities: Kradenik stream (Pazarić), 24.5.1962, 1 m; spring of Mokranjska Miljacka, 12.5.1966, 1 m; five localities in Zaruđanski stream from 1050 m (Zaruđe) to 940 m, 21.5.1968, 1 m, 1 f; 6.6.1967, 2 m, 3 f; 24.6.1968, 2 m; River Mala, left tributary of Stavnja, altitude 730 m, 24.4.1968, 1 m.
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