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Handbook of British Mosses; Comprising All That Are Known to Be

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Handbook of British Mosses; Comprising All That Are Known to Be ~$&Mm •tfs m tM/< i£-£S Cornell Iniowaitg ffiihrarg Jtljata, »eto fork BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE FISKE ENDOWMENT FUND THE BEQUESTOF WILLARD FISKE LIBRARIAN OF THE UNIVERSITY 1868-1883 1905 mel,U ''i ™r»«y'-1brary QK 543.B| 1 Ha "tiSh mosses : comprising al 7llini?lMlliiiiriiiif 3 1924 000 522 452" / i^? s?*a4L>*/+ £***~>**->. Z^^mlJt -yf~ cx^l^-^ HANDBOOK BRITISH MOSSES. Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000522452 : HANDBOOK BRITISH MOSSES COMPEISING- ALL THAT ARE KNOWN TO BE NATIYES OF Rev. M. ^BERKELEY, M.A., F.L.S., AUTHOR OF ' INTEODT/CTIOIT TO CEYPTOGAMIC BOTAMY,' 'OUTLINES OF BRITISH FUNGOLOGY,' ETC. LONDON LOVELL EEEVE & CO., HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1863. PJ1INTED Bit JOHN EDWAED TAYLOE, LITTLE QUEEN STEEET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. THE MOST HONOURABLE MARY ANTOINETTE MARCHIONESS OF HUNTLY, 2H>is aSBotft (0 Enscrtbeti WITH ETEBT FEELING OP ESTEEM AND RESPECT BY HEK GEATEFUL AND EUMBLE SEBVANT, THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. This Work is to be regarded as one of a series of Manuals of different branches of Botany, and not as a separate publi- cation. It is by no means the wish or intention of the Au- thor or Publisher, to offer it to the public in any spirit of opposition to the excellent author of the ' Bryologia Britan- nica.' On the contrary, it is hoped that it may be the means of calling the attention of many to his volume, of which it is impossible to speak in too favourable terms, as the slight sketch here presented may excite a wish to apply to the foun- tain-head for fuller information. As regards the execution, I can only say that every species of which I could obtain specimens has been carefully reviewed under the microscope ; and as I had, through the kindness of Sir W. J. Hooker, unlimited access to the unrivalled col- lection in Kew, which, amidst a multitude of other authentic specimens, contains almost a complete series of those described by Mr. Wilson, there are very few species which I have been obliged to leave unexamined. I have quoted Mr. Wilson's Vlll PREFACE. book throughout as " Hooker and Wilson," since the name of Sir William still remains on the title-page, but it is to be understood distinctly that the whole was prepared by Mr. Wilson. The figures are from the pencil of Mr. Fitch, with the exception of the magnified leaves, and the details of fruc- tification, for which I am myself answerable. The Work does not lay any claim to originality, but T have spared no pains to make it accurate. My best thanks are due to Sir W. J. Hooker for the assistance he has afforded, without which the volume could not have appeared, and to other kind friends who have helped me with specimens and information during the course of its preparation. Zing's Clcfve, May, 1863. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE I. Pig. 1. Prothallus of Sphagnum cuspidatum (after Hofmeister). Fig. 2. Archegonium of Phascum, showing the embryonic cell with its nucleus just after impregnation, magnified (after Hofmeister). Fig. 3. Autheridium and paraphyses of Mnium punctatum, magni- fied. The antheridium is ejecting the spermatozoids. Fig. 4. Antheridium of Sphagnum (after Hofmeister). Fig. 5. Perforated leaf-cells of Sphagnum, containing a spiral thread, and surrounded by narrow chlorophyllous cells, magnified. Fig. 6. Perforated cells of Leucobryum glaucum, enclosing chloro- phyllous cells. Fig. 7. Section of upper part of sporangium of Phascum cuspida- tum, magnified (after Lantzius-Beninga). c. columella. s. spore-sac. a. walls of spore-sac. i. intermediate space. m. inner wall of intermediate space. k. outer wall of intermediate space. w. wall of sporangium. X EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Fig. 8. Section.of upper part of sporangium of Bartramia fontana, magnified (after Lantzius-Beninga). c. columella. s. spore-sac. a. outer wall of spore-sac. i. intermediate space, traversed with threads. m. inner wall of intermediate space. He. outer wall of intermediate space. I. row of cells continued from m. g. row of cells continued from top of intermediate space. d. inner peristome, formed from the thickening of the outer wall of the cells in I and the inner wall of the cells in g. li. row of cells continued from outer wall of intermediate space. b. outer peristome, formed by the thickening of the outer wall of the cells in g and of the inner wall of the cells in h. PLATE II. 1. Sphagnum cymbifolium. a. plant, nat. size. b. cells from stem, magnified. c. leaf, magnified. d. sporangium. 3. S. compactum. a. plant, nat. size. b. cells from stem, magnified. c. leaf, magnified. d. sporaugium. 3. S. molluscum. a. plant, nat. size. b. cells from stem, magnified. c. leaf, magnified. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. XI 4. S. acutifolium. a. plant, nat. size. b. leaf, magnified. c. sporangium with remains of veil, magnified. d. lid, magnified. 5. S. squarrosum. a. plant, nat. size. b. leaf, magnified. c. sporangium with remains of veil, magnified. 6. Andresea alpina. a. plant, nat. size. , b. leaves, magnified. c. portion of leaves, magnified. d. young sporangium, magnified. e. sporangium ruptured, magnified. 7. A. rupestris. a. plant, nat. size. b, c. leaves, magnified. d. sporangium, magnified. PLATE III. 1. Fontinalis squamosa. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium with perichsetium, magnified. c. portion of outer and inner peristome, magnified. 2. P. antipyretica. a. leaf, magnified. b. leaf-cells, magnified. c. sporangium with perichaetium, magnified. d. veil, magnified. e. sporangium with peristome, magnified. 3. Cryphsea heteromalla. q.. leaf, magnified. ill EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. b. leaf-cells, magnified. c. sporangium with pericheetium, magnified. d. veil, magnified. 4. Daltonia splachnoides. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. c. veil, magnified. d. part of peristome, magnified. 5. Hookeria lucens. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. c. veil, magnified. d. part of peristome, magnified. 6. H. Isete-virens. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. PLATE IV. 1. Neckera complanata. a. leaves, magnified. b. leaf-cells, magnified. c. sporangium, magnified. d. veil, magnified. 2. N. crispa. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. c. veil, magnified. 3. N. pumila. a. leaf magnified. b. sporangium magnified. c. part of peristome, magnified, seen from within. 4. N. pennata. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified, with perichaetium. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Xlll 5. Homalia trichomanoides. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. c. portion of peristome, magnified. 6. Hypnum nitens. a. rootlets, magnified. b. tip of one more highly magnified. c. leaves, magnified. d. sporangium, magnified. PLATE V. 1. Hypnum albicans. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. e. lid, magnified. 2. H. lutescens. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 3. H. plumosum. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 4. H. velutinura. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, with peristome, magnified. c. sporangium, with lid, magnified. 5. H. rutabulum. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. c. part of peristome, magnified. d. ring, magnified. 6. H. rivulare. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. XIV EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE VI. 1. Hypnum ruscifolium. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 2. H. murale. a. leaf, magnified. b. young veil, magnified. c. sporangium, magnified. 3. H. riparium. a. leaf magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. c. male inflorescence, magnified. d. antheridium, magnified. 4. H. polygamum. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 5. H. chrysophyllum. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 6. H. stellatum. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. PLATE VII. 1. Hypnum palustre. a. leaves, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 2. H. molle. a. leaves, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 3. H. arcticum. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 4. H. stramineum. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 5. H. trifarium. a. leaves, magnified. 6. H. cordifolium. a. leaves, magnified. b. young veil, magnified. c. sporangium, magnified. PLATE VIIT. 1. Hypnum cuspidatum. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 2. H. Schreberi. a. leaves, from before and behind, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 3. H. purum. a. leaves, from before and behind, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 4. Thuidium tamariscinum. a. leaves, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 5. Hypnum Blaudovii. a. leaf, magnified. b. leaf, seen from behind, with down-like paraphylla. c. sporangium, magnified. PLATE IX. 1. Hypnum splendens. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. XVI EXPLANATION OP THE PLATES. 2. H. brevirostre. a. leaves, from before and behind, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 3. H. triuuetrum. a. leaves, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 4. H. loreum. a. leaves, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 5. H. flagellare. a. leaves, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. PLATE X. 1. Hypnum squarrosum (a procumbent form). a. leaf from behind, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 2. H. aduncum. a. leaves, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 3. H. fluitans. a. leaves, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 4. H. revolvens. a. leaves, magnified. b, sporangium, magnified. 5. H. commutatum. a. leaf from behind, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 6. H. filicinum. a. leaves, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. XV11 PLATE XL 1. Hypnum uncinatum. a. leaf, jnagnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 2. H. Crista-castrensis. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 3. H. molluscum (different from the usual habit). a. leaves, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 4. H. cupressiforme. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 5. H. scorpioides. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. c. male inflorescence, magnified. 6. H.'demissum. a. leaves from before and behind, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. PLATE XII. 1. Hypnum pulchellum. a. leaves, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 2. H. denticulatum. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. 3. H. elegans. a. leaf, magnified. b. sporangium, magnified. Xviii EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
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