DOCSLIB.ORG

Geological–Geomorphological Types of Islands in the Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea N

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geological–Geomorphological Types of Islands in the Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea N ISSN 01458752, Moscow University Geology Bulletin, 2015, Vol. 70, No. 4, pp. 318–326. © Allerton Press, Inc., 2015. Original Russian Text © N.I. Kosevich, 2015, published in Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Geologiya, 2015, No. 4, pp. 53–61. Geological–Geomorphological Types of Islands in the Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea N. I. Kosevich Department of Geography, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia email: [email protected] Received March 13, 2015 Abstract—Based on a detailed geological–geomorphological study of the islands in the Severnyi, Luven’ga, Kuzakotsky, and Keret’ archipelagoes, Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea, new original geological–geomor phological maps of each studied island and general maps of each archipelago were made. The geological– geomorphological genetic typing of the islands was developed and graphic visualization of this typing was per formed. An attempt was made to apply the developed typing to other White Sea islands. Keywords: relief, islands, archipelago, Kandalaksha Gulf, geological–geomorphological genetic typing DOI: 10.3103/S0145875215040079 INTRODUCTION while it is considered obsolete internationally; the The White Sea is characterized by coasts and time span of this period is 1650 to 570 Ma B.P.). This islands that are different in the geological–geomor graben system is called either Onega–Kandalaksha phological sense (Fig. 1); this is of interest to geolo (Baluev et al., 2009a) or Kandalaksha–Dvina (Ave gists and geomorphologists. Many researchers narius, 2004). (Lymarev, 2002; Bulochnikova et al., 2010) believe After the Karelian tectonomagmatic cycle, the that islands that result from interactions between entire region existed as a united cratonic structure. In endogenous and exogenous processes can be a model the Oligocene, the neotectonic stage started in the to study the regularities of the joint effects of these White Sea region (Baluev, 2006; Slabunov, 2009). Iso processes on reliefforming processes. The study of the static rising, which involved the entire Baltic Shield land within the islands is one of the major fields in after glacial melting, largely determines the present marine (island) geomorphology. However, the islands day tectonic evolution of the study area. of the White Sea have been poorly studied and their Two structural stages can be identified in the geo geological–geomorphological typing has not been logical structure of the Kandalaksha Gulf. The first performed. To obtain detailed data on the structure of structural stage is a crystalline basement that is com the White Sea islands, in particular, those of Kan posed of rocks of the White Sea complex (Archean). dalaksha Gulf, the author performed comprehensive Within the study area, this ancient complex is repre geological–geomorphological research at large and sented mostly by biotite, garnet–biotite, amphibole– detailed scales. biotite gneisses, amphibolites, granitic gneisses, alu mina schists, quartzites, and multiple intrusive bodies of different compositions and ages, which pierce the THE TECTONIC SETTING AND GEOLOGIC mentioned rocks. The total thickness of these deposits STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY AREA is 8–10 km. The second structural stage is the cratonic The White Sea is notable for its complex geological cover; it starts from red Riphean sandstones that fill evolution and great variety of natural processes. In the the aulacogens in the crystalline basement and are tectonic sense, the White Sea depression is located at overlain in the southeastern direction by Vendian the junction between the Baltic Shield and the East (approximately Ediacaran) terrigenous deposits. On European Craton. The Kandalaksha Gulf, which is the bottom of the Kandalaksha Gulf, these ancient located in the western White Sea (Fig. 1), coincides rocks are nearly completely covered by young Pleis with the White Sea mobile belt of the Mesoarchean– tocene and Holocene deposits. Paleoproterozoic. The main structural unit that has The presentday White Sea is a young (10–12 ka) determined the tectonic evolution and structure of basin that formed at the end of the Pleistocene. During study area from the Riphean until the present is the the last Valdai glaciation, the entire White Sea depres graben system founded in the Riphean (we note that sion was filled with ice. In the Alleroed, particular the name Riphean is still used by Russian geologists, freshwater lakes occurred on the periphery of the 318 GEOLOGICAL–GEOMORPHOLOGICAL TYPES OF ISLANDS 319 BARENTS SEA Voronka Bay Kanin coast Kandalaksha K an t da s t Mezen lak a ai sha co r K co t Bay a as y S r K t k o A e a rs l b li nd e r r a a Konusha coast an lak T o m sh o c a G st v o Gu a s a lf ki Mezen s o i t c co Kandalaksha as Murmansk oblast ny t im 1 WHITE SEA Z L Dv e ina B co tn ay O a i Arkhangelsk oblast Karelia n s i e t Severodvinsk ga O c P ne o om ga as Arkhangelsk B t or a sk y Omega 2 y c oa st 085170310 km 3 4 Karelia 02550 100 km Fig. 1. Schematic locations of the study area and sites (archipelagoes): 1—Luven’ga arch., 2—Severnyi arch., 3—Kuzakotsky arch., 4—Keret’ arch. depression. In the late Alleroed, ice sheet destruction of lithologic, genetic, and age composition. The isos started, ocean water penetrated from the side of the tatic rebound, which involved the entire Baltic Shield Barents Sea into the White Sea depression, and the after the melting of the ice sheet, is about 100 m in the subglacial sedimentation regime settled. Sedimenta White Sea region. After the complete loss of the ice tion took place under complex, often contrasting tec sheet, the marine sedimentation regime settled in the tonic movements, which are typical of the White Sea White Sea, with hydrodynamic and biologic factors region. being the lead ones for this regime (Nevesskii et al., Deglaciation of the White Sea depression began in 1977; Rybalko, 2009; Polyakova et al., 2010). Thus, the preBoreal and finished in the early Atlantic peri varying paleogeographic and paleotectonic conditions ods. Deglaciation led to the formation of a sedimen shaped the islands with different geological–geomor tary stratum, which was highly heterogeneous in terms phological characteristics. MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 70 No. 4 2015 320 KOSEVICH N Lodeinyi Is. Ka n d a l a Korabl’ Luda k s h a G u l Greater and Lesser Demenikha Is. f Peschanka Luda Voronii Is. Ryashkov Is. Voronii islet Voronka Luda Greater Gal’muk (Gul’makha) Is. da Lu aya hn rec pe Kurichek Is. Po 1st Devich’ya Luda 2nd Poperechnaya Luda K ar el i 3rd Poperechnaya Luda an co as t Greater Lomnishnyi Is. Lesser Lomnishnyi Is. 350 07001050350 m Fig. 2. Geologicgeomorphologic map of the Severnyi archipelago. MATERIALS AND METHODS of Geomorphology and Paleogeography of the Department of Geography of Moscow State Univer The factual basis of this paper is the data that were sity at particular sites of the Kandalaksha and Karelian collected by the author during the expeditions carried coasts of the White Sea. These materials were also aug out over 5 years in the 2007–2013 period by the Chair mented with literature and archive data. Archipela MOSCOW UNIVERSITY GEOLOGY BULLETIN Vol. 70 No. 4 2015 GEOLOGICAL–GEOMORPHOLOGICAL TYPES OF ISLANDS 321 ARBITRARY NOTATIONS (1) Landforms of tidal and surging origin (4) Landforms of joint glacialtectonic, marine, lake, and biogenic origin Boulderpebble beach Lake depressions Sandy beach Swamped sites Silty littoral zone Boulderpebblesandy belt (5) Other notations Marsh Clear geomorphologic boundaries Boulder belt Unclear geomorphologic boundaries Seaward boundary of the littoral zone Coastline (2) Landforms of joint tectonicglacial Isolines of each 10 m and marine (wave action) origin Isolines of each 5 m Contemporary marine terrace (up to 1 m high) Absolute elevation Late Holocene terrace (4–6 m high) Points of the state geodetic network Middle Holocene terrace (14–18 m high) Points of the survey network, referred to the area with stations Information board of the (3) Landforms of joint tectonicglacial, Kandalaksha nature reserve marine, and gravity origin Anthropogenically altered area Subhorizontal and lowinclined bedrock surfaces covered in places with thin loose deposits Slopes inclined by <12° Slopes inclined by >12° Bottoms of depressions, kettles, and grabenlike topographic lows Structuraldenudation residual outcrops Blocky nanorelief (piles of blocks) Fig. 3. Legend to the geological–geomorphological map. goes that are located in three parts of the Kandalaksha tions and along the coastal zone (within the limits of Gulf that are characterized by different geomorpho tidal zone). The profiles reflected the relief character logic conditions were chosen as the reference sites. and composition of the deposits. The complex of geo The first site is located at the apex of the Kandalak morphologic observations included GPS location of sha Gulf and includes the islands of the Severnyi and the planned observation points and all of the observed Luven’ga archipelagoes. The islands of the Severnyi bends of relief (edges, inner margins, etc), geomor and Luven’ga archipelagoes are located in front of the phologic objects, and local and linear manifestations Kandalaksha and Karelian coasts of the White Sea, of the contemporary exogenous processes, which can respectively. The islands by the Karelian coast form sev not be shown at the scale of the map (tectonic cracks, 1 eral parallel ranges. The islands of the Luven’ga archi breakoff blocks, iskors , erosion furrows, etc). pelago form a line that follows the coastline of the mainland continent. The second site includes the islands In addition, to increase the accuracy of the loca of the Kuzakotsky archipelago, which are located near tion, the spatial positions of the reference line points the Pertsov White Sea Biological Station of Moscow (shorelines, paths, roads, cleared strips, lake levels, State University (WSBS MSU).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lifespan and Growth of Astarte Borealis (Bivalvia) from Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea, Russia
    Lifespan and growth of Astarte borealis (Bivalvia) from Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea, Russia David K. Moss, Donna Surge & Vadim Khaitov Polar Biology ISSN 0722-4060 Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-018-2290-9 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer- Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Polar Biology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2290-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Lifespan and growth of Astarte borealis (Bivalvia) from Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea, Russia David K. Moss1 · Donna Surge1 · Vadim Khaitov2,3 Received: 2 October 2017 / Revised: 13 February 2018 / Accepted: 21 February 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Marine bivalves are well known for their impressive lifespans. Like trees, bivalves grow by accretion and record age and size throughout ontogeny in their shell. Bivalves, however, can form growth increments at several diferent periodicities depending on their local environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermochronology and Exhumation History of The
    Thermochronology and Exhumation History of the Northeastern Fennoscandian Shield Since 1.9 Ga: Evidence From 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and Apatite Fission Track Data From the Kola Peninsula Item Type Article Authors Veselovskiy, Roman V.; Thomson, Stuart N.; Arzamastsev, Andrey A.; Botsyun, Svetlana; Travin, Aleksey V.; Yudin, Denis S.; Samsonov, Alexander V.; Stepanova, Alexandra V. Citation Veselovskiy, R. V., Thomson, S. N., Arzamastsev, A. A., Botsyun, S., Travin, A. V., Yudin, D. S., et al. (2019). Thermochronology and exhumation history of the northeastern Fennoscandian Shield since 1.9 Ga:evidence from 40Ar/39Ar and apatite fission track data from the Kola Peninsula. Tectonics, 38, 2317–2337.https:// doi.org/10.1029/2018TC005250 DOI 10.1029/2018tc005250 Publisher AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION Journal TECTONICS Rights Copyright © 2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Download date 01/10/2021 04:51:21 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/634481 RESEARCH ARTICLE Thermochronology and Exhumation History of the 10.1029/2018TC005250 Northeastern Fennoscandian Shield Since 1.9 Ga: Key Points: 40 39 • Since 1.9 Ga, the NE Fennoscandia Evidence From Ar/ Ar and Apatite Fission was characterized by a slow exhumation (1‐2 m/Myr) Track Data From the Kola Peninsula • Total denudation of the NE Roman V. Veselovskiy1,2 , Stuart N. Thomson3 , Andrey A. Arzamastsev4,5 , Fennoscandia since 1.9 Ga did not 6 7,8 7,8 9 exceed ~3‐5km Svetlana Botsyun , Aleksey V. Travin , Denis S. Yudin , Alexander V. Samsonov , • The Kola part of Fennoscandia and Alexandra V.
    [Show full text]
  • Seiches in the Semiclosed Seas of the Continental Shelf
    International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture MEDWIN PUBLISHERS ISSN: 2577-4050 Committed to Create Value for Researchers Seiches in the Semiclosed Seas of the Continental Shelf Inzhebeikin Yu I* Research Article Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Volume 4 Issue 3 Received Date: September 18, 2020 *Corresponding author: Published Date: October 23, 2020 Center, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Email: [email protected] Inzhebeikin Yu I, Russian Academy of Sciences, Southern Scientific DOI: 10.23880/ijoac-16000199 Abstract Seiche movements in two small areas of semi-closed seas on the Continental Shelf (the White Sea and the Sea of Azov) with very different morphometric characteristics are considered in this paper. In addition, tidal movements are highly developed in the White sea, while in the Azov sea tides are virtually absent. We’ve used morphometric characteristics of the seas, including the ones recently obtained by the Azov Sea, as well as methods of numerical hydrodynamic simulation based on the theory of shallow water, and spectral analysis of the observation data of the sea level fluctuations. Keywords: Continental Shelf; Semi-Closed Seas; White Sea; Sea Of Azov; Seiche; Numerical Hydrodynamic Simulation; Spectral Analysis; Flood Introduction located in the Northern and South-Western boundaries of the European part of Russia respectively (Figure 1). In August 2006, on the Dolzhanskaya spit of the Azov sea, the water level rose sharply, people and cars washed away in the sea, the spit broke in several places. At the same time there was no storm warning. In June 2010 on the Yeisk spit of the same sea of Azov at full calm across the sea suddenly appeared powerful current washed away children, wandering on the spit knee-deep in water.
    [Show full text]
  • UNESCO/IOC/HELCOM Baltic Floating University Mid-Cruise Workshop Training Through Practice and Research...; 4Th; the Baltic Floa
    Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission technical series 53 The Baltic Floating University: Training Through Research in the Baltic, Barents and White Seas - 1997 Compiled by: N. Plink, A.V. Nekrasov, G.G. Gogoberidze Ye. Yu. Kliukov, S.V. Lukyanov and M.B. Shilin Edited by: Ray C. Griffiths UNESCO 1998 sc-9ahwa9 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariats of UNESCO and IOC concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of the frontiers of any country or territory. For bibliographic purposes, this document should be cited as follows: The Baltic Floating University: Training through Research In the Baltic, Barents and White Seas - 1997. IOC Technical Series No. 53, UNESCO 1998 (English) Printed in 1998 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP Printed in UNESCO’s Workshops 0 UNESCO 1998 Printed in France IOC Technical Series No. 53 Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION 1 MAIN RESULTS OF THE BFU CRUISES IN THE BALTIC SEA AND THE GULF OF FINLAND 4 INVESTIGATIONS IN THE WESTERNPART OF THE MUHU STRAIT 22 Introduction 22 Main objectives 22 Description of the cruise 22 Results 24 Hydrography and meteorology 24 HydrobiologV and sea-bed characteristics 26 M4INRESEARCH RESULTS OF THE BFU-NORTH PROGRAMME 30 Results for Kandalaksha Gulf, in the White Sea 30 Results
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the Finnish Botanical Exploration of Russian Lapland in 1861 and 1863
    Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 94: 1–35. 2018 ISSN 0373-6873 (print) Helsinki 4 June 2018 ISSN 1796-9816 (online) The history of the Finnish botanical exploration of Russian Lapland in 1861 and 1863 Alexander N. Sennikov* & Mikhail N. Kozhin Sennikov, A. N., Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; & Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 2, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia. E-mail: alexander.sennikov@ helsinki.fi (*Author for correspondence) Kozhin, M. N., Department of geobotany, Biological faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Leninskye Gory 1–12, GSP–1, Moscow, Russia; & Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden and Institute of Kola Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 184250, Kirovsk, Murmansk Region, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] The early Finnish expeditions to the Kola Peninsula were organised by the Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. The first expedition, in 1861, was made by two separate teams. Petter Adolf Karsten and Nils Isak Fellman headed to the western part, and Gustaf Selin studied the southwest- ern coast and then also proceeded to the western part; Karl Emil Inberg, an entomologist, collected insects separately along the track from Kandalaksha to Kola. The second expedition, in 1863, with participation of Fellman, Mårten Magnus Wilhelm Brenner and Nils Johan Laurin, studied the coasts of the White and Barents Seas around the whole Peninsula. The historical background of these expeditions and their circumstances are described in detail and discussed. Literature sources and herbarium specimens are traced in order to produce precise maps and gazetteers of the expe- ditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny and Phylogeography of Potentilla Multifida L
    plants Article Molecular Phylogeny and Phylogeography of Potentilla multifida L. agg. (Rosaceae) in Northern Eurasia with Special Focus on Two Rare and Critically Endangered Endemic Species, P. volgarica and P. eversmanniana Ivan A. Schanzer 1,* , Alina V. Fedorova 1, Olga V. Shelepova 1 and Guzyaliya F. Suleymanova 2,3 1 Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Str., 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (A.V.F.); [email protected] (O.V.S.) 2 Khvalynsky National Park, Oktyabrskaya Str., 2B, 412787 Khvalynsk, Russia; [email protected] 3 Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str., 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-915-362-1911 Received: 5 November 2020; Accepted: 17 December 2020; Published: 18 December 2020 Abstract: The results of a molecular genetic study of Potentilla multifida agg. using two plastid markers (ndhC-trnV and psbA-trnH) and a nuclear ITS marker suggested that this group comprises a number of relatively young and incompletely differentiated species widely distributed in Northern Eurasia. The sequences were analyzed using tree-based (maximum likelihood) and network-based (statistical parsimony network) approaches. The plastid data suggested incomplete lineage sorting, characteristic of the group as a whole. The nuclear ITS results demonstrated quite a different pattern, with mostly conspecific accessions shaping monophyletic clades. The majority of the Potentilla sect. Multifidae species studied possess few, usually closely related plastid haplotypes, or are even monomorphic. In contrast, P. volgarica, a narrow endemic from the Volga River valley, presents plastid haplotypes belonging to two distantly related groups. Such a pattern of genetic diversity in P.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Data on the Current Seismicity of the White Sea and the Karelian Region During the Period 2005–2016
    Arctic Environmental Research 19(1): 11–19 UDC 550.34.06 DOI 10.3897/issn2541-8416.2019.19.1.11 Research Article Updated data on the current seismicity of the White Sea and the Karelian region during the period 2005–2016 YaV Konechnaya1,2, AN Morozov1,3, NV Vaganova2, IA Zueva4 1 Geophysical Survey of Russian Academy of Sciences (Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation) 2 N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of Russian Academy of Sciences (Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation) 3 N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of Russian Academy of Sciences (Obninsk, Russian Federation) 4 Institute of Geology Karelian Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences (Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation) Corresponding author: Yana Konechnaya ([email protected]) Academic editor: Aleksandr I. Malov ♦ Received 7 February 2019 ♦ Accepted 15 February 2019 ♦ Published 8 March 2019 Citation: Konechnaya YaV, Morozov AN, Vaganova NV, Zueva IA (2019) Updated data on the current seismicity of the White Sea and the Karelian region during the period 2005–2016. Arctic Environmental Research 19(1): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.3897/issn2541- 8416.2019.19.1.11 Abstract This article is the result of previous studies to clarify the seismicity of the White sea, supplemented by similar studies on the continental part of the Republic of Karelia. The relocated catalog of earthquakes was created for the period from 2005 to 2016 for White Sea and the Karelian region. With the help of proven methods, the parameters of the epicenters of identified earthquakes were relocated and a map of current seismicity was obtained. The parameters of the epicenters were specified using BARENTS travel-time model, a single meth- odological approach (using Generalized beamforming) and all currently available source data and bulletins of Russian and foreign seismic stations.
    [Show full text]
  • C:\Documents and Settings\Alan Smithee\My Documents\MOTM
    L`x1/0/Lhmdq`knesgdLnmsg9Rs`tqnkhsd For this month’s mineral, we are pleased to feature dark, reddish-brown, twinned staurolite crystals in a white schist matrix from northern Russia’s Kola Peninsula. Our write-up explains the high-grade, metamorphic origin and the rich lore of twinned staurolite crystals, while providing insight into one of Russia’s most mineralogically fascinating regions. OVERVIEW PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Chemistry: (Fe,Mg,Zn)3-4(Al,Fe)18(Si,Al)8O48H2-4 Basic Iron Magnesium Zinc Oxyaluminosilicate (Iron Magnesium Zinc Aluminum Oxysilicate Hydroxide), often containing titanium, chromium, manganese, and lithium. Class: Silicates Subclass: Nesosilicates Group: Staurolite Crystal System: Monoclinic Crystal Habits: Single or twinned crystals: single crystals are prismatic with six- sided, pseudohexagonal cross sections; twinned crystals common as Figure 1. Staurolite with nearly 90° twinned crystals, penetration intergrowths of two individual crystals at angles of nearly 60 plus untwinned single crystal. degrees or nearly 90 degrees. Color: Yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, and brownish-black; rarely bluish; weathers to gray. Luster: Vitreous to dull Transparency: Usually translucent to opaque; rarely transparent. Streak: White to grayish-white Refractive Index: 1.736-1.762 Cleavage: Distinct in one direction Fracture: Uneven to subconchoidal, brittle Hardness: 7.0-7.5 Specific Gravity: 3.7-3.8 Luminescence: None Distinctive Features and Tests: Best field marks are color; occurrence in metamorphic environments; and frequent, distinctive “crossed” twinning. Dana Classification Number: 52.2.3.1.1 NAME Pronounced STORE-uh-lite, the name stems from the late Greek word stauros, “cross,” and lithos, “stone,” literally “stone cross.” Interestingly, the Greek word stauros as used in the classical Greek of epic poems like the Iliad and the Odyssey, meant “upright stake” or “pale.” When stauros came to mean “cross” is debated be scholars.
    [Show full text]
  • KAROL PIASECKI Szczecin the WHITE SEA POMORYE and ITS
    Studia Maritima, vol. XXII (2009) ISSN 0137-3587 KAROL PIASECKI Szczecin THE WHITE SEA POMORYE AND ITS INHABITANTS 1. The White Sea Pomorye owes its name to a group of Slavic settlers1 living mainly on the so-called Pomor Coast, i.e. a fragment of the White Sea coast be- tween the River Kem and Onega (Fig. 1). The present name of the White Sea became widespread at the beginning of the 17th century. Before that, the Slavic inhabitants of its coasts used a name Студеное Море, which means the Cold Sea, whereas on western maps, since the times of the reissue in 1568 of Claudius Ptole- my’s Geography, it appeared as Sinus Grandvicus (Granvicus, Grandvich). The name was taken from Norwegian sailors, for whom initially it probably meant the Western end of the Murmansk Coast.2 1 The term Pomors appeared for the first time in written sources in 1526, when: Поморцы с моря Океана из Кондолакской гyбы лросили вмесmе с лоплянамва yсmройства церкви. It functions quite commonly in the 16th century, both as a name of the inhabitants of the Pomor Coast, as well in the function of a proper name – I. Ul’janov: Strana Pomorja, 1984. From the second half of the 17th century, mainly because of Vasiliy Tatishchev, the author of the monumental Russian History, Pomorye was understood in three meanings: as 1) a territory of the White Sea coast from the Onega to the Kem, 2) the territory of the whole White Sea Coast, 3) the territory of the whole Russian North, including the provinces of Archangelsk, Vologda and Olonets.
    [Show full text]
  • Arzamastsev, Arzamastseva, 1993)
    Proceedings of the MSTU, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2012 pp.277-299 UDC 550.42 Alkaline volcanism in the Kola Peninsula, Russia: Paleozoic Khibiny, Lovozero and Kontozero calderas A.A. Arzamastsev, M.N. Petrovsky Geological Institute, KSC RAS, Apatity Abstract. This paper presents the results of studying the Paleozoic volcanic series of the Kola Province, wide- spread in the areas of the Lovozero and Khibina massifs, the Kontozero caldera, and the Ivanovka volcano- plutonic complex. A distinctive feature of the volcanics is the presence of moderately alkaline basanites along with silica-undersaturated alkaline rock associations. All of the rocks are significantly enriched in incompatible elements: the contents of Rb, Ba, Sr, Nb, Zr and Y in the volcanics of the Lovozero and Kontozero formations. The Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr data suggest that the volcanics of the study area were derived from two different mantle sources: (1) superdepleted mantle material resulted from the multistage crustal growth over Archaean and Proterozoic time in the Kola-White Sea rift-collision zone and (2) a source that had properties of moderately enriched EMI-type mantle. It has been shown that the emplacement of the volcanics preceded the main pulse of alkaline magmatism in the region and can be referred to as the initial phase of the Paleozoic tectono-magmatic reactivation. According to geochronological data, the alkaline volcanic rocks were emplaced at least 20-30 m.y. before the intrusion of the alkaline plutonic rocks. Аннотация. Представлены результаты изучения палеозойских вулканических серий Кольской провинции, распространенных в районах Ловозера, Хибин, Контозера и Ивановского вулкано- плутонического комплекса.
    [Show full text]
  • Kola Peninsula S2 Map Eng
    LEGEND The international Barents Protected Area Network Federal protected areas Vaydagubsky lighthouse Nemetsky cape BARENTS SEA (BPAN) project brings together nature conservation authorities, scientific institutes and nature Regional protected areas Kandalaksha nature reserve conservation NGOs in Finland, Sweden, Norway and Northwest Russia. It is an initiative of the nature Planned federal protected areas conservation group of the Barents Euro-Arctic Council. At the moment it is a key nature conservation project in Planned regional protected areas the Barents Region – one of the largest remaining areas 72 1 of untouched natural ecosystems on Earth. Local nature monuments Check-point «Borisoglebsky» Motovsky Gulf The guiding principle of the BPAN project is “Nature has no borders”. Its main aim is to create a Pechenga representative network of protected areas in the Nature monuments NORWAY Pikshchuyev lighthouse Е-105 Barents Region in order to preserve vulnerable Botanical (forest) northern nature irrespective of state or administrative Zapolyarny borders. The basis for such transboundary cooperation NIKEL Botanical (species protection) 50 17 Kildin lies in the concept of Econet. It combines protected Western areas of different status, which guarantees the Geological 60 Кildinsky lighthouse 61 sustainability of protected areas and the functioning of itovka Pasvik T 18 Teribersky lighthouse ecosystems, better than isolated protected areas. nature reserve Pechenga Hydrological Kandalaksha Zapadnaya11 Litsa Sayda-Guba nature reserve Natural
    [Show full text]
  • C:\Documents and Settings\Alan Smithee\My Documents\MOTM
    @oqhk1/01Lhmdq`knesgdLnmsg9@rsqnogxkkhsd The month we are shining the spotlight on astrophyllite, a rare, complex silicate from one of the world’s most remarkable mineralogical provinces—the Kola Peninsula of northern Russia. Read on to learn about astrophyllite’s unusual colors, luster, and attractive starburst patterns, as well as the preparation that goes into our write-ups. OVERVIEW PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Chemistry: (K,Na)3(Fe,Mn)7Ti2Si8O24(O,OH)7 Basic Potassium Sodium Iron Manganese Titanium Oxysilicate, often containing small amounts of fluorine, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, niobium, and zirconium. Class: Silicates Subclass: Single-chain Inosilicates Group: Astrophyllite Crystal System: Triclinic Crystal Habits: Usually as small, thin, tabular or bladed crystals grouped in radiating, starburst-shaped aggregates; also disseminated, lamellar, and massive. Color: Usually golden-yellow, bronze-yellow, yellowish-brown, or amber; less frequently brown, greenish- brown, or reddish-brown. Colors can be patchy or zoned. Crystals are often pleochroic, exhibiting shifts in color with changes in viewing angle. Luster: Sub-metallic, pearly on cleavage surfaces Transparency: Usually translucent to opaque; thin crystals may be transparent. Streak: Golden to yellowish-brown Cleavage: Perfect in one direction Fracture: Uneven; brittle. Hardness: 3.0-3.5 Specific Gravity: 3.3-3.4 Luminescence: None Refractive Index: 1.680-1.700 Distinctive Features and Tests: Best field marks are yellow-to-brownish colors, color zoning, and pleochroism; perfect cleavage in one direction; brittleness; radiating, starburst-shaped crystal aggregates; sub-metallic luster; and occurrence in syenite and nepheline-syenite fissures and pegmatites. Can be confused with augite, which is harder and forms shorter prisms; and schorl, which is harder and forms hexagonal crystals.
    [Show full text]