Graphs with Cocktail Party Μ-Graphs
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Investigations on Unit Distance Property of Clebsch Graph and Its Complement
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2012 Vol I WCE 2012, July 4 - 6, 2012, London, U.K. Investigations on Unit Distance Property of Clebsch Graph and Its Complement Pratima Panigrahi and Uma kant Sahoo ∗yz Abstract|An n-dimensional unit distance graph is on parameters (16,5,0,2) and (16,10,6,6) respectively. a simple graph which can be drawn on n-dimensional These graphs are known to be unique in the respective n Euclidean space R so that its vertices are represented parameters [2]. In this paper we give unit distance n by distinct points in R and edges are represented by representation of Clebsch graph in the 3-dimensional Eu- closed line segments of unit length. In this paper we clidean space R3. Also we show that the complement of show that the Clebsch graph is 3-dimensional unit Clebsch graph is not a 3-dimensional unit distance graph. distance graph, but its complement is not. Keywords: unit distance graph, strongly regular The Petersen graph is the strongly regular graph on graphs, Clebsch graph, Petersen graph. parameters (10,3,0,1). This graph is also unique in its parameter set. It is known that Petersen graph is 2-dimensional unit distance graph (see [1],[3],[10]). It is In this article we consider only simple graphs, i.e. also known that Petersen graph is a subgraph of Clebsch undirected, loop free and with no multiple edges. The graph, see [[5], section 10.6]. study of dimension of graphs was initiated by Erdos et.al [3]. -
Maximizing the Order of a Regular Graph of Given Valency and Second Eigenvalue∗
SIAM J. DISCRETE MATH. c 2016 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 1509–1525 MAXIMIZING THE ORDER OF A REGULAR GRAPH OF GIVEN VALENCY AND SECOND EIGENVALUE∗ SEBASTIAN M. CIOABA˘ †,JACKH.KOOLEN‡, HIROSHI NOZAKI§, AND JASON R. VERMETTE¶ Abstract. From Alon√ and Boppana, and Serre, we know that for any given integer k ≥ 3 and real number λ<2 k − 1, there are only finitely many k-regular graphs whose second largest eigenvalue is at most λ. In this paper, we investigate the largest number of vertices of such graphs. Key words. second eigenvalue, regular graph, expander AMS subject classifications. 05C50, 05E99, 68R10, 90C05, 90C35 DOI. 10.1137/15M1030935 1. Introduction. For a k-regular graph G on n vertices, we denote by λ1(G)= k>λ2(G) ≥ ··· ≥ λn(G)=λmin(G) the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of G. For a general reference on the eigenvalues of graphs, see [8, 17]. The second eigenvalue of a regular graph is a parameter of interest in the study of graph connectivity and expanders (see [1, 8, 23], for example). In this paper, we investigate the maximum order v(k, λ) of a connected k-regular graph whose second largest eigenvalue is at most some given parameter λ. As a consequence of work of Alon and Boppana and of Serre√ [1, 11, 15, 23, 24, 27, 30, 34, 35, 40], we know that v(k, λ) is finite for λ<2 k − 1. The recent result of Marcus, Spielman, and Srivastava [28] showing the existence of infinite families of√ Ramanujan graphs of any degree at least 3 implies that v(k, λ) is infinite for λ ≥ 2 k − 1. -
On the Metric Dimension of Imprimitive Distance-Regular Graphs
On the metric dimension of imprimitive distance-regular graphs Robert F. Bailey Abstract. A resolving set for a graph Γ is a collection of vertices S, cho- sen so that for each vertex v, the list of distances from v to the members of S uniquely specifies v. The metric dimension of Γ is the smallest size of a resolving set for Γ. Much attention has been paid to the metric di- mension of distance-regular graphs. Work of Babai from the early 1980s yields general bounds on the metric dimension of primitive distance- regular graphs in terms of their parameters. We show how the metric dimension of an imprimitive distance-regular graph can be related to that of its halved and folded graphs, but also consider infinite families (including Taylor graphs and the incidence graphs of certain symmetric designs) where more precise results are possible. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 05E30; Secondary 05C12. Keywords. Metric dimension; resolving set; distance-regular graph; imprimitive; halved graph; folded graph; bipartite double; Taylor graph; incidence graph. 1. Introduction Let Γ = (V; E) be a finite, undirected graph without loops or multiple edges. For u; v 2 V , the distance from u to v is the least number of edges in a path from u to v, and is denoted dΓ(u; v) (or simply d(u; v) if Γ is clear from the context). A resolving set for a graph Γ = (V; E) is a set of vertices R = fv1; : : : ; vkg such that for each vertex w 2 V , the list of distances (d(w; v1);:::; d(w; vk)) uniquely determines w. -
The Extendability of Matchings in Strongly Regular Graphs
The extendability of matchings in strongly regular graphs Sebastian M. Cioab˘a∗ Weiqiang Li Department of Mathematical Sciences Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Delaware University of Delaware Newark, DE 19707-2553, U.S.A. Newark, DE 19707-2553, U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected] Submitted: Feb 25, 2014; Accepted: Apr 29, 2014; Published: May 13, 2014 Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05E30, 05C50, 05C70 Abstract A graph G of even order v is called t-extendable if it contains a perfect matching, t < v=2 and any matching of t edges is contained in some perfect matching. The extendability of G is the maximum t such that G is t-extendable. In this paper, we study the extendability properties of strongly regular graphs. We improve previous results and classify all strongly regular graphs that are not 3-extendable. We also show that strongly regular graphs of valency k > 3 with λ > 1 are bk=3c-extendable k+1 (when µ 6 k=2) and d 4 e-extendable (when µ > k=2), where λ is the number of common neighbors of any two adjacent vertices and µ is the number of common neighbors of any two non-adjacent vertices. Our results are close to being best pos- sible as there are strongly regular graphs of valency k that are not dk=2e-extendable. We show that the extendability of many strongly regular graphs of valency k is at least dk=2e − 1 and we conjecture that this is true for all primitive strongly regular graphs. We obtain similar results for strongly regular graphs of odd order. -
On the Generalized Θ-Number and Related Problems for Highly Symmetric Graphs
On the generalized #-number and related problems for highly symmetric graphs Lennart Sinjorgo ∗ Renata Sotirov y Abstract This paper is an in-depth analysis of the generalized #-number of a graph. The generalized #-number, #k(G), serves as a bound for both the k-multichromatic number of a graph and the maximum k-colorable subgraph problem. We present various properties of #k(G), such as that the series (#k(G))k is increasing and bounded above by the order of the graph G. We study #k(G) when G is the graph strong, disjunction and Cartesian product of two graphs. We provide closed form expressions for the generalized #-number on several classes of graphs including the Kneser graphs, cycle graphs, strongly regular graphs and orthogonality graphs. Our paper provides bounds on the product and sum of the k-multichromatic number of a graph and its complement graph, as well as lower bounds for the k-multichromatic number on several graph classes including the Hamming and Johnson graphs. Keywords k{multicoloring, k-colorable subgraph problem, generalized #-number, Johnson graphs, Hamming graphs, strongly regular graphs. AMS subject classifications. 90C22, 05C15, 90C35 1 Introduction The k{multicoloring of a graph is to assign k distinct colors to each vertex in the graph such that two adjacent vertices are assigned disjoint sets of colors. The k-multicoloring is also known as k-fold coloring, n-tuple coloring or simply multicoloring. We denote by χk(G) the minimum number of colors needed for a valid k{multicoloring of a graph G, and refer to it as the k-th chromatic number of G or the multichromatic number of G. -
A Godsil E Thomason I Solomon M Abiad B Van Dam F Balbuena J
8.30–9.15 am A Godsil E Thomason I Solomon M Abiad 9.20–9.40 am 1 Zhan 10 Bukh 19 Srinivasan 24 Reichard 9.45–10.05 am 2 Ye 11 Martin 20 Sumalroj 25 Xu 10.05–10.35 am break break break break 10.35–10.55 am 3 Dalfó 12 Kamat 21 Bencs 26 Peng 11.00–11.20 am 4 McGinnis 13 Timmons 22 Guo 27 Kravitz 11.25–12.10 pm B Van Dam F Balbuena J Muzychuk N Xiang 12.10–2.00 pm lunch lunch lunch lunch 2.00–2.45 pm C Kantor G Füredi K Williford 2.50–3.10 pm 5 Gu 14 Tait 23 Ducey 3.15–3.35 pm 6 Coutinho 15 Kodess L Woldar break 3.40–4.00 pm 7 Greaves 16 Y. Wang 4.00–4.30 pm break break 4.30–4.50 pm 8 Fiol 17 Kronenthal 4:55–5.15 pm 9 W. Wang 18 Moorhouse 5.20–6.10 pm D Haemers H Lazebnik 2 8.30–9.15 am A Chris Godsil Spectral invariants from embeddings 9.20–9.40 am 1 Harmony Zhan Quantum walks and mixing 9.45–10.05 am 2 Dong Ye Median eigenvalues and graph inverse 10.35–10.55 am 3 Cristina Dalfó Characterizing identifying codes from the spectrum of a graph or digraph 11.00–11.20 am 4 Matt McGinnis The smallest eigenvalues of the Hamming graphs 11.25–12:10 pm B Edwin van Dam Partially metric association schemes with a small multiplicity 2.00–2.45 pm C Bill Kantor MUBs 2.50–3.10 pm 5 Xiaofeng Gu Toughness, connectivity and the spectrum of regular graphs 3.15–3.35 pm 6 Gabriel Coutinho Average mixing matrix 3.40–4.00 pm 7 Gary Greaves Edge-regular graphs and regular cliques 4.30–4.50 pm 8 Miguel Angel Fiol An algebraic approach to lifts of digraphs 4.55–5.15 pm 9 Wei Wang A positive proportion of multigraphs are determined by their generalized spectra 5.20–6.10 -
Spreads in Strongly Regular Graphs Haemers, W.H.; Touchev, V.D
Tilburg University Spreads in strongly regular graphs Haemers, W.H.; Touchev, V.D. Published in: Designs Codes and Cryptography Publication date: 1996 Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Haemers, W. H., & Touchev, V. D. (1996). Spreads in strongly regular graphs. Designs Codes and Cryptography, 8, 145-157. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 24. sep. 2021 Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 8, 145-157 (1996) 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. Manufactured in The Netherlands. Spreads in Strongly Regular Graphs WILLEM H. HAEMERS Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands VLADIMIR D. TONCHEV* Michigan Technological University, Houghton, M149931, USA Communicated by: D. Jungnickel Received March 24, 1995; Accepted November 8, 1995 Dedicated to Hanfried Lenz on the occasion of his 80th birthday Abstract. A spread of a strongly regular graph is a partition of the vertex set into cliques that meet Delsarte's bound (also called Hoffman's bound). -
High Girth Cubic Graphs Map to the Clebsch Graph
High Girth Cubic Graphs Map to the Clebsch Graph Matt DeVos ∗ Robert S´amalˇ †‡ Keywords: max-cut, cut-continuous mappings, circular chromatic number MSC: 05C15 Abstract We give a (computer assisted) proof that the edges of every graph with maximum degree 3 and girth at least 17 may be 5-colored (possibly improp- erly) so that the complement of each color class is bipartite. Equivalently, every such graph admits a homomorphism to the Clebsch graph (Fig. 1). Hopkins and Staton [8] and Bondy and Locke [2] proved that every (sub)cu- 4 bic graph of girth at least 4 has an edge-cut containing at least 5 of the edges. The existence of such an edge-cut follows immediately from the existence of a 5-edge-coloring as described above, so our theorem may be viewed as a kind of coloring extension of their result (under a stronger girth assumption). Every graph which has a homomorphism to a cycle of length five has an above-described 5-edge-coloring; hence our theorem may also be viewed as a weak version of Neˇsetˇril’s Pentagon Problem: Every cubic graph of sufficiently high girth maps to C5. 1 Introduction Throughout the paper all graphs are assumed to be finite, undirected and simple. For any positive integer n, we let Cn denote the cycle of length n, and Kn denote the complete graph on n vertices. If G is a graph and U ⊆ V (G), we put δ(U) = {uv ∈ E(G) : u ∈ U and v 6∈ U}, and we call any subset of edges of this form a cut. -
High-Girth Cubic Graphs Are Homomorphic to the Clebsch
High-girth cubic graphs are homomorphic to the Clebsch graph Matt DeVos ∗ Robert S´amalˇ †‡ Keywords: max-cut, cut-continuous mappings, circular chromatic number MSC: 05C15 Abstract We give a (computer assisted) proof that the edges of every graph with maximum degree 3 and girth at least 17 may be 5-colored (possibly improp- erly) so that the complement of each color class is bipartite. Equivalently, every such graph admits a homomorphism to the Clebsch graph (Fig. 1). Hopkins and Staton [11] and Bondy and Locke [2] proved that every 4 (sub)cubic graph of girth at least 4 has an edge-cut containing at least 5 of the edges. The existence of such an edge-cut follows immediately from the ex- istence of a 5-edge-coloring as described above, so our theorem may be viewed as a coloring extension of their result (under a stronger girth assumption). Every graph which has a homomorphism to a cycle of length five has an above-described 5-edge-coloring; hence our theorem may also be viewed as a weak version of Neˇsetˇril’s Pentagon Problem (which asks whether every cubic graph of sufficiently high girth is homomorphic to C5). 1 Introduction Throughout the paper all graphs are assumed to be finite, undirected and simple. For any positive integer n, we let Cn denote the cycle of length n, and Kn denote the complete graph on n vertices. If G is a graph and U ⊆ V (G), we put δ(U) = {uv ∈ E(G): u ∈ U and v 6∈ U}, and we call any subset of edges of this form a cut. -
Distance-Transitive Graphs
Distance-Transitive Graphs Submitted for the module MATH4081 Robert F. Bailey (4MH) Supervisor: Prof. H.D. Macpherson May 10, 2002 2 Robert Bailey Department of Pure Mathematics University of Leeds Leeds, LS2 9JT May 10, 2002 The cover illustration is a diagram of the Biggs-Smith graph, a distance-transitive graph described in section 11.2. Foreword A graph is distance-transitive if, for any two arbitrarily-chosen pairs of vertices at the same distance, there is some automorphism of the graph taking the first pair onto the second. This project studies some of the properties of these graphs, beginning with some relatively simple combinatorial properties (chapter 2), and moving on to dis- cuss more advanced ones, such as the adjacency algebra (chapter 7), and Smith’s Theorem on primitive and imprimitive graphs (chapter 8). We describe four infinite families of distance-transitive graphs, these being the Johnson graphs, odd graphs (chapter 3), Hamming graphs (chapter 5) and Grass- mann graphs (chapter 6). Some group theory used in describing the last two of these families is developed in chapter 4. There is a chapter (chapter 9) on methods for constructing a new graph from an existing one; this concentrates mainly on line graphs and their properties. Finally (chapter 10), we demonstrate some of the ideas used in proving that for a given integer k > 2, there are only finitely many distance-transitive graphs of valency k, concentrating in particular on the cases k = 3 and k = 4. We also (chapter 11) present complete classifications of all distance-transitive graphs with these specific valencies. -
The Connectivity of Strongly Regular Graphs
Burop. J. Combinatorics (1985) 6, 215-216 The Connectivity of Strongly Regular Graphs A. E. BROUWER AND D. M. MESNER We prove that the connectivity of a connected strongly regular graph equals its valency. A strongly regular graph (with parameters v, k, A, JL) is a finite undirected graph without loops or multiple edges such that (i) has v vertices, (ii) it is regular of degree k, (iii) each edge is in A triangles, (iv) any two.nonadjacent points are joined by JL paths of length 2. For basic properties see Cameron [1] or Seidel [3]. The connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of vertices one has to remove in oroer to make it disconnected (or empty). Our aim is to prove the following proposition. PROPOSITION. Let T be a connected strongly regular graph. Then its connectivity K(r) equals its valency k. Also, the only disconnecting sets of size k are the sets r(x) of all neighbours of a vertex x. PROOF. Clearly K(r) ~ k. Let S be a disconnecting set of vertices not containing all neighbours of some vertex. Let r\S = A + B be a separation of r\S (i.e. A and Bare nonempty and there are no edges between A and B). Since the eigenvalues of A and B interlace those of T (which are k, r, s with k> r ~ 0> - 2 ~ s, where k has multiplicity 1) it follows that at least one of A and B, say B, has largest eigenvalue at most r. (cf. [2], theorem 0.10.) It follows that the average valency of B is at most r, and in particular that r>O. -
Quantum Automorphism Groups of Finite Graphs
Quantum automorphism groups of finite graphs Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades des Doktors der Naturwissenschaften der Fakult¨atf¨urMathematik und Informatik der Universit¨atdes Saarlandes Simon Schmidt Saarbr¨ucken, 2020 Datum der Verteidigung: 2. Juli 2020 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Thomas Schuster Pr¨ufungsausschuss: Vorsitzende: Prof. Dr. Gabriela Weitze-Schmith¨usen Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Moritz Weber Prof. Dr. Roland Speicher Prof. Dr. Julien Bichon Akademischer Mitarbeiter: Dr. Tobias Mai ii Abstract The present work contributes to the theory of quantum permutation groups. More specifically, we develop techniques for computing quantum automorphism groups of finite graphs and apply those to several examples. Amongst the results, we give a criterion on when a graph has quantum symmetry. By definition, a graph has quantum symmetry if its quantum automorphism group does not coincide with its classical automorphism group. We show that this is the case if the classical automorphism group contains a pair of disjoint automorphisms. Furthermore, we prove that several families of distance-transitive graphs do not have quantum symmetry. This includes the odd graphs, the Hamming graphs H(n; 3), the Johnson graphs J(n; 2), the Kneser graphs K(n; 2) and all cubic distance-transitive graphs of order ≥ 10. In particular, this implies that the Petersen graph does not have quantum symmetry, answering a question asked by Banica and Bichon in 2007. Moreover, we show that the Clebsch graph does have quantum symmetry and −1 prove that its quantum automorphism group is equal to SO5 answering a question asked by Banica, Bichon and Collins. More generally, for odd n, the quantum −1 automorphism group of the folded n-cube graph is SOn .