JAMAL KHASHOGGI’S MURDER

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Anadolu Agency Publications: 47

On behalf of publishing owner Anadolu Agency

Senol Kazanci Chairman of the Board, Director-General

EDITORIAL BOARD

Metin Mutanoglu Deputy Director-General, Editor-in-Chief

Mustafa Ozkaya Deputy Director-General

Umit Sonmez News Academy Coordinator

PREPARED BY On October 2, 2018, Saudi Journalist Jamal Hayri Cetinkus, Tugcenur Yilmaz, PREFACE Khashoggi was brutally murdered in Saudi Ara- Goksel Ulutabak, Ahmet Burak Ozkan, bia’s Consulate General located in Istanbul. Mevlut Eren, Ogun Duru, Yasin Demirci Within the frame of the responsibility provided by international law, Turkey has carried out an intense and successful diplomatic traffic to shed TRANSLATED BY light on the murder and find those responsible.

Ali Murat Alhas Grieving for the loss of a colleague but holding the responsibility and objectivity as a news agen- cy, Anadolu Agency shared the developments re- GRAPHIC DESIGN lated to Khashoggi’s killing both with Turkey and the global community. Turk Mutfagi Iletisim Hizmetleri We have collected all stories, photos, infograph- ics, analyses and developments related to Jamal PLACE OF PUBLICATION Khashoggi in this booklet.

Pelin Ofset Ltd. Sti. I underline that this work, issued as a symbol of Ivedik OSB Matbaacilar Sitesi loyalty to our colleague Jamal Khashoggi, is an 1514. Sokak No: 28 Yenimahalle/Ankara indicator that we will not forget and make others P: +90 312 395 25 81 forget the murder, and I’d like to thank all those Press Certification Number: 16157 who contributed to the booklet.

Ankara, January 2019 Senol Kazanci Chairman of the Board, © Anadolu Agency 2019. All rights reserved. All kinds of copyrights of the articles, stories and photos published Director-General in Anadolu Agency’s publishings belong to Anadolu Agency TAS. In no way, the users are permitted to change the content, remove the trademark, logo, sign and patent expressions included in the content. Without the written permission of Anadolu Agency, the users are not permitted to reproduce, sell, distribute Anadolu Agency’s registered trademarks and make commercial use, and reinterpret to reproduce in any way. Anadolu Agency and Anadolu Agency logo are registered trademarks. Jamal Khashoggi was born on Oct. 13, 1958 in Saudi Khashoggi’s views Arabia.

Having finished his primary and secondary educa- tion in his homeland, Khashoggi studied business Khashoggi criticized the Saudi approach to the em- administration at Indiana State University in the bargo on Qatar, Saudi intervention in Yemen, and U.S., then returned to Saudi Arabia. political tensions with Lebanon and Canada. Calling on Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to end the In his professional life, Khashoggi worked as a cor- war in Yemen, Khashoggi protested the injustice, respondent, editor and senior manager in daily or pressure on the press and freedom of speech and weekly magazines and news channels, such as Sau- arbitrary interventions. di Gazette, Okaz, Asharq al-Awsat, Al-Madina, Al- Watan, and Al-Majalla. As he criticized some of the policies of U.S. Presi- dent Donald Trump, he was banned from appear- He worked in various countries in the Middle East ing on TV and his articles were not allowed to be such as Afghanistan, Algeria, Kuwait and Sudan in published in Saudi Arabia. Khashoggi commented the 1990s. During the civil war in Afghanistan, he on the oppression and arrest of Egypt’s Abdel Fat- interviewed a number of people, including terrorist tah el-Sisi regime, which seized power following a

6 Osama bin Laden. In addition, Khashoggi was a po- coup, addressed the indecisive stance of the U.S. 7 litical contributor to many media outlets, especially towards the Arab Spring, particularly that of Bar- MBC, BBC, Al Jazeera and Dubai TV. rack Obama administration.

Khashoggi was also a consultant to Prince Turki Arguing that the Arab Spring was an opportunity Al-Faisal, the former Saudi intelligence chief, during for groups and parties with Islamic backgrounds to his diplomatic missions in Britain and the U.S. mature, Khashoggi asserted that oppressive Arab regimes had to be democratized. The political pressure that increased in Saudi Ara- bia after Mohammed bin Salman became the crown In October 2018 Saudi journalist Khashoggi, look- prince was a turning point for Khashoggi; he left his ing forward to establishing a new life with his Turk- country in 2017 and moved to the U.S.

Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s ish fiancée Hatice Cengiz, entered Saudi Consulate, Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s but was killed by high-profile Saudi authorities af- Mohammed bin Khashoggi, his grandfather, was a ter falling into a trap. doctor of Turkish origin, who provided medical ser- vices to King Abdul Aziz bin al-Saud, the founder of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Khashoggi, who often came to Turkey, felt Turk- ish and planned to live in Turkey, according to his WHO IS JAMAL friends. A member of the Turkish Arab Media Association, Khashoggi wrote columns attracting global atten- tion in the international media, especially in Wash- ington Post, until Oct. 2, 2018, when he was brutally murdered. KHASHOGGI? Jamal Khashoggi wrote three books on post-9/11 Saudi-US relations, Arab Spring and Saudi market. “The conflict has soured the kingdom’s relations with the international community, affected regional security dynamics and harmed its reputation in the Islamic world.”

“The crown prince must bring an end to the violence and restore the dignity of the birthplace of Islam.”

“Prince Mohammed is right to go after extremists. But he is going after the wrong people. Dozens of Saudi intellectuals, clerics, journalists, and social media stars have been arrested in the past 2 months.” 9 “In Saudi Arabia at the moment, people simply don’t dare to speak.”

“The U.S. is wrong about the Muslim Brotherhood — and the Arab world is suffering for it.” Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s

“The eradication of the Muslim Brotherhood is nothing less than an abolition of democracy and a guarantee that Arabs will continue living FROM under authoritarian and corrupt regimes.”

“The coup in Egypt lead to the loss of many valuable opportunities in Egypt and the KHASHOGGI’S entire Arab world.”

“The territories governed by [Bashar al-] Assad are ruled by fear and a loss of hope PEN for prosperity.” OCTOBER 01

FIRST SQUAD SECOND SQUAD

The first squad containing three men left Riyadh The second unit of the execution squad from at 16:30 for Istanbul via commercial flight. Riyadh arrived in Istanbul at 01:40 via com- DAY BEFORE (OCTOBER 1) mercial flight. (OCTOBER 2)

ABDULAZIZ MANSOUR SEPTEMBER MOHAMMED AL- OTHMAN M HAWSAWI ABAHUSSAIN THE MURDER MEMBER OF THE SAUDI 28 SAUDI INTELLIGENCE OFFICER CROWN PRINCE’S SECURITY TEAM

NAIF HASSAN KHALID AEDH S AL-ARIFI Those who planned and directed the kill- G. ALOTAIBI DIRECTORS ing are composed of high-profile names MEMBER OF ROYAL GUARD affiliated with Crown Prince Mohammed SPECIAL FORCES OF MURDER bin Salman. 10 11 SAUD AL-QAHTANI MOHAMMAD LIEUTENANT SAAD AL- MESHAL SAAD M A ROYAL COURT ADVISER ZAHRANI AL-BOSTANI

He was the “secret information minister” of Crown Prince ROYAL GUARD MEMBER OF ROYAL Bin Salman, also directing press and image studies. He ran a AIR FORCE “troll army” composed thousands of paid people and con- ducted smear campaigns against the opposition. When the • Jamal Khashoggi, along with his fiancée Lebanese Prime Minister Saad al-Hariri was held and forced Hatice Cengiz, arrives at the Saudi Con- to resign in Saudi Arabia, Al-Qahtani played a role in it. After sulate in Istanbul at 11:50 to get the docu- Khashoggi murder was exposed, he was dismissed from his The third unit of the hit squad landed at Ataturk Airport at 03:30-04:00 post. Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s ments required for marriage. THIRD SQUAD by a private jet. (OCTOBER 2) Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s

• Having treated Khashoggi with a positi- ve attitude, the consulate authorities tell AHMED AL-ASIRI COLONEL MAHER him that the documents would be ready COLONEL WALEED MUSTAFA ABDULAZIZ by midday; however, Khashoggi is given THE DEPUTY INTELLIGENCE CHIEF ABDULLAH M AL- MOHAMMED MUTREB an appointment on Oct. 2 after mentio- SEHRI M AL-MADANI ning his flight to London around the same He joined the army in 2002 and became a military advisor ROYAL GUARD time. to the Ministry of Defense in 2014. He was recognized glo- MEMBER OF ROYAL BODY DOUBLE bally in 2015 when he was the spokesman of the Saudi-led AIR FORCE coalition in Yemen. In 2017, he became the Deputy Intelli- • Having spent an hour and a half, Khas- gence Chief. He attended the Crown Prince Mohammed bin hoggi leaves the consulate due to his fli- SALAH Salman’s meetings with foreign visitors. He was dismissed GHALEB T. ght to London. after Khashoggi killing was exposed. COLONEL BADR MUHAMMED AL- AL-HARBI LAFI M ALOTAIBI TUBAIGY • The consulate staff inform the 15-man ROYAL hit squad, which planned the killing in Ri- GUARD INTELLIGENCE FORENSIC INSTITUTE yadh, about Khashoggi’s application and OFFICER DIRECTOR his next appointment. A group from the SCOUTING Saudi consulate in SAIF SAAD Q FAHAD SHABIB TURKI Istanbul scouted AL QAHTANI A. AL-BALAWI MUSHARRAF BELGRADE Belgrade Forest and M. AL-SHEHRI Yalova city around ROYAL PALACE ROYAL GUARD FOREST 18:30. OFFICER OCTOBER 02

CRIME SCENE: SAUDI ARABIA’S CONSULATE GENERAL IN ISTANBUL 7 Al-Tubaigy, director of the Royal Forensic 09:50-11:00 Institute who was there for evidence spoliation, dismembers Khashoggi’s 14:53 Members of the hit squad gather body with professional tools. at the Saudi consulate. 1 Al-Madani, the Saudi body double, 8 puts on Khashoggi’s clothes and makes sure that he is recorded by the outside cameras.

BACKDOOR The consul general gathers all the employees in a room and gives them 2 permission to leave. PARKING AREA

12 15:00-15:30 13 9 Vehicle mobility monitored near the Hit squad breaks the security consulate; a few cars leave the building cameras inside the consulate before 3 SAUDI ARABIA’S and use different routes in a confusing Khashoggi enters the building. CONSULATE IN manner. 13:08 ISTANBUL Jamal Khashoggi, who had received a INDOOR warm welcome on his first visit, arrives 4 PARKING

Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s at the building along with his fiancée. Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s 11 Hit squad pulls out of the consulate before midnight, then leaves Turkey.

13:14 The hit squad speaks to their superiors Khashoggi enters the building alone. in Riyadh. Al-Qahtani, the right hand 5 16:00 BELGRADE of Crown Prince Bin Salman, tells them: FOREST “Bring me the head of the dog.” Hatice Cengiz asks the consulate employees about her fiancée. They say he had 10 MASLAK already left the building and there was no point in waiting for him. Shocked, SAUDI ARABIA’S she immediately calls Yasin Aktay, an advisor to Turkey’s ruling Justice and CONSULATE BUILDING WHERE HATICE ISTANBUL Development (AK) Party, and Turkish Arab Media Association. BESIKTAS CENGIZ WAITED Khashoggi, seven and a half minutes (Khashoggi’s after entering the building, is strangled 6 Fiancée) 17:50 by the hit squad. Authorities in Turkey are informed that Khashoggi was being held at the consulate, or had suffered something worse. OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER 03 04 05 06 07 08 14 15

• Hatice Cengiz and Turan Kislakci, the • In a statement on Twitter, the King- • Not hearing from Khashoggi, local and • Saudi Consul Mohammad al-Otaibi • Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdo- • President Erdogan’s reaction echoes in head of the Turkish Arab Media Associ- dom of Saudi Arabia announces that foreign press members of the Turkish opens up the building to Reuters news gan, in his first detailed statement on Europe and U.S. public opinion. Western ation, starts to wait in front of the con- Khashoggi disappeared after leaving Arab Media Association gathers before agency to show that Khashoggi wasn’t the issue, says he is closely following the authorities begin to issue statements on sulate, demanding an explanation from the consulate building. the consulate and start to wait for their there. That he opened cupboards, fil- incident. the issue. Saudi officials. colleague. ing cabinets and electronic panels and • Turkish Foreign Ministry summons tried to defend himself, raised eyebrows “God willing, we will not face an unde- • British Foreign Office: “These are -ex

Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s Stating that they believed Khashoggi Ambassador Walid Bin Abdul Karim El • Kislakci: “Share with us the images worldwide. sirable situation. Those who support tremely serious allegations. We are Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s was being held in the building, Kislakci Khereiji for an explanation of Khashog- regarding Khashoggi’s coming out. We freedom of speech and stand by free- aware of the latest reports and are calls on Saudi officials to “release” him gi’s disappearance. think that he is being held by force or dom, especially those in our country, working urgently to establish the facts, immediately. they are hosting him. We seek them to will hopefully not let go of this incident including with the government of Saudi release their guest.” and follow it. I, as the president of Tur- Arabia.” • Turkish presidential spokesman Ibra- key, am following this incident. Whatev- him Kalin: “This subject came to our • The question, “Where is Khashoggi?”, er comes of this, we will be the one to • German Foreign Ministry: “We are con- agenda the other day, from various attracts wide attention from global and declare it to the world.” cerned with the fate of the renowned channels, the fiancée of this relevant social media, especially at the Washing- journalist Jamal Khashoggi’s fate.” person contacted our related depart- ton Post where he was a columnist. • The Saudi Consulate denies Khashoggi ments; and we were informed that he was murdered at the diplomatic com- • French Foreign Ministry: “France is was there for marriage procedures.” • Crown Prince Bin Salman makes his plex. concerned by the disappearance of Ja- first statement on the issue to Bloomb- mal Khashoggi, a recognized and re- “According to the information we have, erg in Riyadh. • The Turkish Foreign Ministry summons spected Saudi figure.” this Saudi citizen is still in the Saudi Ambassador El Khereiji again to shed Consulate General,” he says. “We are ready to welcome the Turkish light on the incident. • Joint statement by the U.K, Germany government to go and search our prem- and France: “There remains an urgent ises.” need for clarification of exactly what happened on 2 October – beyond the hypotheses that have been raised so far in the Saudi investigation, which need to be backed by facts to be considered credible.” OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER 09 10 11 12 13 14 16 17

• U.S. President Donald Trump’s first • Hatice Cengiz, in op-ed published by • Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavu- • French President Emmanuel Macron: • UN Secretary-General Antonio Gu- • President Erdogan speaks to Saudi statement: “I am concerned about it. I the Washington Post, calls on Donald soglu calls on Saudi Arabia to cooperate “I’m waiting for the truth and complete terres stresses “the need for a prompt, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz on phone, don’t like hearing about it. Hopefully, Trump to take action for Khashoggi. with Turkey. clarity to be established.” thorough and transparent investigation both leaders agreed to have an open, that will sort itself out. Right now no- into the circumstances of Mr. Khashog- clear and transparent cooperation. body knows anything about it.” “I implore President Trump and first lady “We want to be in close cooperation • The Washington Post: “Saudi Arabian gi’s death and full accountability for Melania Trump to help shed light on Ja- with Saudi Arabia,” he says, adding that writer Jamal Khashoggi was detained those responsible.” • The British, France and Germany for- and dismembered in the Saudi Consu- eign ministers issue a joint statement Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s • United Nations officials address the mal’s disappearance.” Turkey will share the investigation out- Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s claims saying Khashoggi was murdered come with the world. late in Istanbul.” • Turkey’s ruling AK Party Spokesman demanding “a complete and detailed as “truly shocking”. • The Washington Post alleges that Omer Celik: “It’s an act that will never response” from Riyadh. Saudi officials had planned to catch • Turkish presidential aide Ibrahim Kalin • CNN: “Turkish authorities have audio be forgiven or covered up.” The UN: “ This is of serious concern, the Khashoggi, according to the U.S. intel- announces that a joint team will be es- and visual evidence that shows journal- “Germany, the United Kingdom and apparent enforced disappearance of Mr. ligence phone taps. tablished with Saudi Arabia. ist Jamal Khashoggi was killed.” • Turkish Foreign Minister Cavusoglu: France share the grave concern ex- Khashoggi from the Saudi Consulate in “Turkish prosecutors and technical pressed by others including High Repre- Istanbul.” • U.S. President Donald Trump: “It’s a “Upon the suggestion of the kingdom, a • A delegation from Saudi Arabia ar- friends must enter the consulate and sentative/Vice-President Mogherini and very serious situation for us. We will get joint working team between Turkey and rives in Turkey to hold talks with Turkish Saudi Arabia must cooperate with us United Nations Secretary General Gu- • European Union: “We expect a full-out to the bottom of it.” Saudi Arabia will be formed to investi- counterparts. on this,” saying Riyadh hasn’t been that terres, and are treating this incident with investigation and full transparency from gate the case of Jamal Khashoggi in all helpful to Ankara. the utmost seriousness. There needs to Saudi authorities on what happened.” its aspects.” • Protests are launched at various Saudi be a credible investigation to establish embassies worldwide. • On the possibility that Khashoggi was the truth about what happened, and – • Turkish Foreign Ministry announces • Rebuffing calls demanding an end to killed, Trump says, “There’s something if relevant – to identify those bearing there will an inquiry in the consulate arms sales to Saudi Arabia, Trump says: really terrible and disgusting about that responsibility for the disappearance of building in line with the investigation. “What good does that do us?” if that was the case so we’re going to Jamal Khashoggi, and ensure that they have to see,” adding: are held to account.” • Saudi Arabia invites Turkish authori- ties into the consulate building to inves- “We’re going to get to the bottom of it, tigate. and there will be severe punishment.”

• British Foreign Minister Jeremy Hunt speaks to his Saudi counterpart Adel al- Jubeir about Khashoggi’s vanishing. OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER 15 16 17 18 19 18 19

• Turkish authorities conduct a nine- • Donald Tusk, the president of the Eu- • Pompeo comes to Turkey to discuss • Russian President Vladimir Putin • The U.S. House of Representatives hour long investigation in the Saudi Ara- ropean Council: “I call for a full investi- the Khashoggi case, meets Turkish Pres- breaks his silence about the incident. sends a letter to President Donald bia consulate building. gation to establish what happened, and ident Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Foreign Trump urging the imposition of strong to hold those responsible to account.” Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu and Hakan “Why do we need to take some steps to- and detailed sanctions on Saudi Arabia • The EU Foreign Affairs council discuss Fidan, the head of Turkish intelligence. wards the deterioration of our relations if it has a role in the killing. the Khashoggi incident. • Khashoggi’s family calls for an inde- [with Riyadh] if we don’t understand • “Unless the miracle of all miracles hap-

Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s pendent and impartial international • Foreign Ministers of G7 countries: what is happening?” Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s pens, I would acknowledge that he’s • Saudi officials on the Turkey-Saudi committee to be established to investi- “Those bearing responsibility for his dis- [Khashoggi] dead,” Trump says, adding joint investigation team go to Istanbul gate the killing. appearance must be held to account.” “There’s no proof in regards to Russia, that this was based on the intelligence Security Headquarters. but steps are taken. Here, people say reports coming from every side. • U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pom- • Trump makes headlines with his state- that a murder happened in Istanbul, but • Trump: “I just spoke with the King of peo goes to Saudi Arabia to discuss ments attempting to avoid blaming the no steps are taken. People need to fig- • Turkish Foreign Minister Cavusoglu Saudi Arabia who denies any knowl- the Khashoggi issue with the king and Saudi administration. ure out a single approach to these kinds says Turkey will share its results with the edge of what took place; his Saudi Ara- Crown Prince Bin Salman. of problems.” whole world. bian citizen I’ve asked and he firmly de- “I think we have to find out what hap- nied that. It sounded to me like maybe • The UN High Commissioner for Human pened first. [...] Here we go again with, • The New York Times says Crown Prince • The Wall Street Journal Editorial there could have been rogue killers - Rights calls for revealing those respon- you know, you’re guilty until proven in- Mohammed bin Salman is getting ready Board calls on the Trump administration who knows?” sible and the abolition of immunity for nocent. I don’t like that.” to hold Ahmed al-Asiri, a high-ranking to speak of the U.S. “values” as much as Saudi diplomats. adviser to the crown prince, responsible its “interests”. • CNN: “Saudi Arabia is preparing a re- • Turkish authorities conduct a nine- for the Khashoggi killing. port that will acknowledge that Saudi • Saudi Consul General Mohammad hour investigation at the consul Gener- • U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo says that, if Saudi Arabia is responsi- journalist Jamal Khashoggi’s death was al-Otaibi leaves Turkey. al’s residence. • Trump says: “It certainly looks that ble for the Khashoggi killing, they have the result of an interrogation that went way to me. It’s very sad,” regarding alle- questions to answer. wrong.” • Trump: “Just spoke with the Crown gations Khashoggi is dead.” Prince of Saudi Arabia who totally de- nied any knowledge of what took place • Turkish Justice Minister Abdulhamit in their Turkish Consulate.” Gul: “A very detailed and deep investi- gations is ongoing.”

• U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin drops out of a major confer- ence, Future Investment Initiative (FII), in Saudi Arabia. OCTOBER 20

OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER 18 DAYS LATER, 21 22 23 FIRST CONFESSION 20 21

Trump says that the U.S. congreses is to be UN calls for a quick, detailed and transpar- involved in the Khashoggi decision, and they ent probe into Khashoggi killing. might reconsider imposing sanctions on Riyadh. • Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir • Turkish presidential aide Kalin: “The • CIA Director Gina Haspel arrives in says that Crown Prince Bin Salman was Turkish President Erdogan and Saudi Ara- European Parliament (EP) demands an issue is not between Turkey and Saudi Turkey, meets Turkish officials. unaware of Khashoggi killing. Arabia. Turkey is taking necessary steps bia’s King Salman Bin Abdulaziz speaks on the “urgent” international investigation be to unveil the incident under internation- • U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven phone, exchanging information on the ongoing launched. “Even the senior leadership over intelli- al and national law.” Mnuchin arrives in Saudi Arabia and investigation. gence service was not aware of this. The holds talks with Crown Prince Bin Sal- German President Angela Merkel: “They individuals who did this, did this outside man. Both sides emphasize their strate-

Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s • British Prime Minister Theresa May Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s the scope of their authority. There obvi- gic partnership. Saudi Prosecutor’s Office says that the discus- still haven’t been cleared up and of course ously was a tremendous mistake made, says that London strongly condemns sions between Khashoggi and the suspects he we demand that they be cleared up.” In and what compounded the mistake was Khashoggi killing. • Saudi Minister Khalid Al-Falih address- met at the consulate led to a quarrel and a brawl, addition, after the Saudi Prosecutor’s Of- the attempt to try to cover up.” es Khashoggi killing as a “disgusting • German Prime Minister Angela Merkel: resulting in his death. The body was claimed to fice shared partial results of the investiga- mistake”, adding that his country is go- • The Washington Post reports that CIA “No German arms exports to Saudi until have been handed to a “local collaborator”. tion, countrie such as Egypt, United Arab ing through a crisis. has listened to audio recording regad- killing cleared up.” Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, Palestine, Yemen, ing of murder of Khashoggi. Saudi Chief Prosecutor’s Office reports that 18 Dijibouti, Jordan, Oman, Mauritania, Ku- • UN announces they could consider • European Parliament President An- Saudi citizens have been arrested over links to wait and the Arab League hailed the Saudi • Joint statement by the U.K., Germany launching an investigation if Turkey re- tonio Tajani: “Rigorous, international Khashoggi’s death. statement. and France: “We take note of the Saudi quests it. statement which gives their preliminary investigation urgently needed to exam- findings. Yet there remains an urgent ine evidence, clarify circumstances sur- • President Erdogan calls Khashoggi King Salman dismissed five Saudi officials, in- Saudi Justice Minister Waleed al-Samaani: need for clarification of exactly what rounding death of Jamal Khashoggi.” family and expresses condolences. cluding the royal advisor Al-Qahtani and Dep- “The case of journalist Jamal Khashoggi happened on October 2nd – beyond the uty President of General Intelligence Ahmed took place on Saudi sovereign territory.” hypotheses that have been raised so far • Donald Trump says the statement by • European Parliament President Anto- al-Asiri. in the Saudi investigation, which need the Saudi authorities is not satisfactory, nio Tajani reiterates his demand for an EU Foreign Policy Chief Federica Mogher- to be backed by facts to be considered and calls Riyadh wanting an additional independent probe. credible.” The partial statement by Saudi Prosecutor’s of- ini: “The emerging circumstances of Jamal month for the probe “too long”. • G7 Foreign Ministers reiterates joint fice draws reaction across the global commu- Khashoggi’s death are deeply troubling, in- • Turkish President Erdogan: “We said • A diplomatic vehicle, the property of statements for a credible, transparent nity. cluding the shocking violation of the 1963 we are determined and would uncover the Saudi Consulate, found in a parking and fast investigation. Vienna Convention on Consular Relations [killing] for we are looking for justice. The naked truth will be revealed. Why area in Istanbul. and particularly its Article 55.” • Turkish Foreign Minister Cavusoglu did 15 people come here? Why was it says that it is important that Riyadh ad- that 18 were arrested? This must be ex- mits Khashoggi was killed, even if be- plained in detail.” latedly. OCTOBER 23

Speaking at his Justice and Development (AK) Party’s group meeting at parliament, Turkish President Erdogan gives details of Turkey’s investigation of the Khashoggi murder. PRESIDENT ERDOGAN SHARES DETAILS OF 22 KHASHOGGI 23 MURDER Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s

OCTOBER 23, 2018, Turkish parliament meets

Firstly, I beg Allah’s mercy for Jamal Khashoggi, and “In addition to its sovereign offer my condolences to deceased’s family, fiancée, rights, Turkey is the friends, and the people and media of Saudi Arabia. follower of this matter as To begin with, Jamal Khashoggi went to Saudi a representative of the Arabia’s Istanbul Consulate for marriage procedures common human conscience at 11:50 on September 28, Friday. It is understood that on behalf of the international the squad that planned and conducted the murder community.” were informed about Khashoggi’s visit. That is to say, a planning and roadmap was put into process. That some of the consulate employees went to their country in a hurry points to the preparations being held there. On October 1, at 16:30, a day ahead of the operation on Sunday, a group of three arrived in Istanbul by a commercial flight, then settled in a hotel issued on October 4, fully dismissed the allegations The statement issued on behalf of the administration to assemble? Why was the consulate opened to the before leaving for the Consulate General. about the Khashoggi murder. In fact, the consul said Khashoggi was killed “in a brawl” in the investigation only days later, not immediately? Why general -- this is important -- tried to negligently consulate. Later that day, we had another phonetalk were all these conflicting statements made when the In the meantime, another group conducted a defend himself by opening cupboards, filing cabinets, with King Salman Bin Abdulaziz. He told me that 18 murder was obvious? Where is the body of a person scouting mission in the Belgrade Forest and Yalova. doors, electricity panels to the Reuters reporter. people involved in the incident were arrested after who is admittedly murdered? We need answers. On October 2 at 01:45, a second group made up of the murder was admitted. It was seen that the names three people landed in Istanbul via a commercial Meanwhile, our security and intelligence units, along on the list provided to our country were the same If the expression “the body was handed to a local flight, and checked into a hotel. A third group of nine with the prosecutor’s office, depeened the probe and ones our intelligence units identified. So, it’s like 15 collaborator” is true -- because this is coming people, including major generals, arrived in Istanbul investigation, striving to reveal new information and plus three consulate personnel. These developments from an authorized mouth -- then, who is this local via private jet and went to to another hotel. This documents. are, of course, important in the sense of officially collaborator? Then, you have to name this local squad, composed a total of 15 people, separately admitting the murder. collaborator, you will explain this. Nobody should came to the Consulate General between 09:50 and Our Foreign Ministry constantly discussed the matter ever think that this case will be closed before all these 11:00. First, the harddisk of consulate’s camera system with their counterparts and shared information. A In a detailed phonetalk with U.S. President Donald questions are answered. was dismantled. Meanwhile, Jamal Khashoggi was delegation composed of special representatives that Trump on October 21, we agreed to clarify this called at 11:50 and his appointment was reconfirmed. came from Saudi Arabia on October 11 held various incident in all respects. Turkey has run and directed Some information evaluated by our security and Having returned to Istanbul from London earlier that meetings. In response to how the subject was kept the entire process in line with state seriousness, intelligence units point to this incident was definetely day, Khashoggi entered the consulate building on on the agenda by the local and international media, international law, and our regulations. However, being premeditated. As the evaluation is completed, foot, at 13:08. He was never heard from again. the Saudi authorities announced they would allow a intense campaigns were run in various media outlets it will take its place in the investigation file in the search of the consulate building. to smear, implicate our country, and deflection. We prosecutor’s office. At 17:50, Khashoggi’s fiancée, thinking that he was do know who conducted these campaigns and why being held by force in the consulate building or went First, we need to ask certain things and get answers they did it. Conspiracies in international media meant Blaming such an incident on a couple of security through a bad patch, appealed to the authorities. because this incident took place in Istanbul. We are in to harm Turkey have not and will not stop us from and intelligence members would satisfy neither us, nor the international community. The conscience of 24 In response, the Istanbul Security Headquarters a position of responsibility. Then, as the responsible trying to find facts. 25 immediately launched an investigation. After the authority, it is our right to ask questions about this. humanity will only be satisfied if the instigators and security cameras monitoring the area were examined, Above all, the murder might have taken place inside perpetrators are held to account. I, personally, don’t it was clear that Khashoggi never left the Consulate As the fog began to clear, other countries stepped the Saudi Consulate but it should not be forgotten doubt the sincerity of King Salman bin Abdulaziz. General. As the consulate building and officials into action. At each opportunity, we stated that we that it happened on Turkish soil. The Vienna However, it is of utmost importance that such a have diplomatic immunity as required by Vienna wouldn’t remain silent in the face of this murder convention and other norms of international law critical investigation is conducted by a delegation Convention -- which is now open to discussion, as and would take watever were required by law and don’t allow the investigation of such murders to be which is just, truly objective, and not remotely linked [EU foreign policy chief Federica] Mogherini made conscience. Nevertheless, we waited for the results prevented by diplomatic immunity. We, surely, will to the murder. Since this is a political murder, the statements recently -- one can not take effective of the investigation and probe as we didn’t want to search, investigate and take necessary steps about other partners in crime, if any, should be included in action against them. bring anyone under unjust suspicion. In our phonetalk this murder that happened within our borders. the investigation. on October 14, I informed Saudi King Salman Bin Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s When our security and intelligence units started Abdulaziz about findings. On the other hand, that Jamal Khashoggi was a This is the requirement of international and Islamic to probe deeply into the matter, the chief deputy globally recognized journalist in addition to being a law, and Saudi law, I believe. As Turkey, we will pursue prosecutor and prosecutors assigned by the Istanbul Stating that I spoke to the delegation he previously Saudi citizen gives us an international responsibility. In this incident until the end; we will ensure that the Prosecutor’s Office launched an investigation. sent to inquire about the incident, with whom we addition to its sovereign rights, Turkey is pursuing this requirements of international and our law are fulfilled. decided to establish a joint working group, we come matter as a representative of the common conscience As the probe and investigation went deeper, they to terms and said, “Our joint working group has of humanity on behalf of the international community. Today, I am making a call to the highest [Saudi] learned interesting information. First of all, it was started to operate.” The information and evidence collected so far point administration, particularly to King Salman: This understood that 15 Saudi security, intelligence and to Khashoggi suffering a brutal murder. A cover-up incident took place in Istanbul. Therefore, my offer forensic members got into our country with various Upon the instructions of the king, the prosecutor’s of such an atrocity would offend the conscience of is that these 18 arrestees’ trials are held in Istanbul. planes, starting on the eve of the murder. Six of these office and units affiliated with the police department all humanity. We expect the same sensitivity from all Discretion is in their hands, but this is my offer and people left Turkey on October 2, at 18:20; seven of carried out various examinations there. I told the parties, especially Saudi Arabia. request, for this is the place where the incident them left at 22:50 by private jets. first delegation how incompetent and negligent this happened. consul general was. I repeated that to the honorable Saudi Arabia has taken an important step by admitting It was determined that that a man, who bore a Saudi king. As a result, the consul general was the murder. Now we expect them to openly shed light likeness to Khashoggi with glasses and beard, and an dismissed a day after our speech. Meanwhile, the on those responsible -- from the highest ranked to accompanying one moved to Riyadh in a commercial consul general in Istanbul returned to his country. the lowest -- and to bring them to justice. flight after midnight. The personnel working at the consulate were gathered in a room under the pretext Once again on October 18, examinations were carried Evidence strongly points to Khashoggi’s killing being of an inspection, and the personnel on the premises out in the consulate building. On October 19, 17 days result of a planned operation. In light of the available were granted permission to leave for the same reason. after the murder, the Saudi administration officially signs, these questions continue to puzzle people: Why admitted that Jamal Khashoggi was murdered in the did the squad, all with incident-related qualifications, The Saudi Arabia administration, in a statement consulate general. assemble in Istanbul? Who gave them the instruction OCTOBER 24

CROWN PRINCE BIN SALMAN

Referring to those who wanted to “drive a wedge” between Ankara and Riyadh

26 by exploiting Khashoggi case, “I want to 27 send them a message: They will not be able to do that as long as there is a king called King Salman bin Abdulaziz and a crown prince called Mohammed bin Salman in Saudi Arabia, and a president in Turkey called Erdogan,” says Bin Salman.

Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s • U.S. President Donald Trump: “The Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s cover-up was one of the worst in the history of cover-ups. Whoever thought about that idea, I think, is in big trouble.”

• Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez condemns the “horrific” murder of Khashoggi, however, says that arms sales to Saudi Arabia was in favor of Spain.

• Iranian President Hassan Rouhani says Saudi Arabia wouldn’t be able to kill Khashoggi without the U.S. backing.

• EU Council President Donald Tusk: “It is not my role to state who wants to protect whose interests here. But I know one thing: the only European interest is to reveal all the details of this case, re- gardless of who is behind.”

• President Erdogan and Crown Prince Bin Salman speak over the phone and stressed the importance of joint efforts. OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER OCTOBER 25 26 27 29 30 28 29

• European Parliament adopts a draft • Turkish Justice Minister Abdulhamit • President Erdogan: “There are 18 held • Saudi Arabia’s top prosecutor Saud • UN High Commissioner for Human resolution that proposes independent Gul: “We expect the request [of return- [in Saudi Arabia]. These 18 arrestees are al-Mujeb visits Istanbul Caglayan Court- Rights Michelle Bachelet says that in- investigation and warns targeted sanc- ing the suspects back to Turkey] to be the ones who came to Turkey. Who sent house to meet Istanbul’s Chief Public ternational experts should be involved tions could be imposed if Saudi agents fulfilled. That’s because this atrocity these 18 people to Turkey? This must be Prosecutor Irfan Fidan. to investigate the Khashoggi killing and are found guilty in the Khashoggi’s kill- took place in Turkey.” answered by the Saudi authorities.” urges Saudi authorities to reveal the ing. • Khashoggi’s fiancée Cengiz calls on whereabouts of Khashoggi’s body with- Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s • President Erdogan says that Turkey • Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir: Trump to help reveal the truth behind out any delay. Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s • Turkish Foreign Minister Cavusoglu: provided information, documents to “The individuals are Saudi nationals. journalist’s killing and ensure that jus- “Everyone related to the murder should several countries, including Saudi Ara- They’re detained in Saudi Arabia, and tice is served. • Saudi Arabia’s Chief Prosecutor and be questioned and tried in Turkey. [...] bia, noting that Ankara kept the original the investigation is in Saudi Arabia, and accompanying committee conducts ex- Where is Khashoggi’s body? You con- evidence. they will be prosecuted in Saudi Arabia.” • Turkish Foreign Minister Cavusoglu: aminations in the Saudi Consulate in Is- fess, yet why don’t you tell its location? “Let this investigation be concluded as tanbul. • Saudi Chief Prosecutor Saud Al-Mojab: • Istanbul prosecutors prepare a req- • German Chancellor Angela Merkel says soon as possible. The whole world is cu- “Information from brotherly Turkey indi- uisition for 18 suspects on charges of Europe will take necessary steps once rious, let the truth be revealed.” • Khashoggi’s fiancée Hatice Cengiz: cates that the act of the suspects in the planned and deliberate murder with the perpetrators are identified. “President Trump should help reveal the Khashoggi case was premeditated.” monstrosity and torture. “Given that those who committed the truth and ensure justice be served. He murder are in Saudi Arabia now, its role should not pave the way for a cover-up • Chinese Foreign Ministry terms the • Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavu- here is really big [...] Saudi Arabia’s of my fiancé’s murder.” Khashoggi killing as “unfortunate”. soglu speaks with his Saudi counterpart Chief Prosecutor admits that murder is Adel al-Jubeir on phone. premeditated. Quite many things were • President Erdogan: “[…]There is no • Ruling Justice and Development Par- denied in the beginning, but [the truth] sense in attempts to protect the cul- ty chairman advisor Yasin Aktay speaks • French President Emmanuel Macron has begun to be confessed gradually.” prits.” at a press conference outside the Saudi dubs the calls for halting arms sales to Consulate in Istanbul and said: “We de- Saudi Arabia as “demagoguery”. • Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad mand justice. Even if justice is against Javad Zarif: “The Turkish government our own interests, it is a must that we “What’s the link between arms sales and examines the wicked case from differ- practice and realize it. We believe that Mr Khashoggi’s murder? I understand ent dimensions and pursues the process justice will be done by the King, which the connection with what’s happening cautiously, impartially and skillfully.” is an order of Allah.” in Yemen, but there is no link with Mister Khashoggi.” Recognzed bllonare was detaned after beng accused of corrupton n 2017 purge

Saud meda outlets sad that he voted for ALWALEED BIN TALAL Mohammed bn Salman n 2015 to be the second KHALED BIN TALAL Crown Prnce SAUDI ABDULAZIZ (63) L FA ROYA MILY T BIN FAHD He was known n DI RE the royal famly for AU E hs reformst S

atttude. Frst Sudar to st on the kngdom throne

(1982-2005)

BIN ABDULAZIZPRINCE TALAL SAUD BIN FOUNDING KING NAYEF He was apponted ABDULAZIZ AL SAUD A member of as the second (ruled between 1932-1953) MOHAMMED crown prnce n Sudars; he had BIN NAYEF (87) KING FAHD BIN ROYAL 2014. After Kng ABDULAZIZ served as nteror Abdullah passed (ded at 84) mnster,prnce, the crown

voluntarlyaway, left he hs PRINCE MUQRIN vce-presdent for BIN ABDULAZIZ the cabnet1975. as of post n 2015. PRINCE NAYEF BIN ABDULAZIZ (73) (ded at 77)

SAUD BIN FAISAL From Sudars, he (ded n 2015) served as deputy Ruled the ABDULAZIZ BIN AHMED 30 nteror mnster for TURKI BIN FAISAL KING FAISAL (55) country PRINCE AHMED 37 years, and (73) BIN ABDULAZIZ FAMILY between (ded at 68 followng BIN ABDULAZIZ nteror mnster n KHALED AL FAISAL (1964-1975) an assassnaton) (76) 2012 for a short (Governor of Mecca) perod.

PRINCE ABDUL- RAHMAN KING KHALED BIN ABDULAZIZ Member of (ded at 86) Sudars, served as BIN ABDULAZIZ He was apponted (ded at 69) BANDAR the deputy as the crown mnster of BIN KHALED prnce n 1965, Defense between TREE ABDULLAH assumed power KING SALMAN 1983-2011. BIN KHALED Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s after hs brother BIN ABDULAZIZ FAHD Fasal passed away (82, current kng) (1975-1982) BIN KHALED KING ABDULLAH(ded at 91) BIN ABDULAZIZ FAISAL PRINCE TURKI SANI BIN ABDULAZIZ BIN KHALED (ded at 84) Second Sudar kng

PRINCE SULTAN BIN ABDULAZIZ (ded at 80) after Fahd MOHAMMED KING SAUD BIN SALMAN Ruled the (ded at 67) FAISAL BIN SALMAN In 1932, Abdulaziz ibn Abdul country BIN ABDULAZIZ between (33) Rahman ibn Faisal Al Saud united (47) 2005-2015 SULTAN BIN removed from SALMAN He served as the He was Najd and Hejaz region under the MITEB postons n KHALID BIN mnster of Saud (65) passed away1983 and SALMAN (62) 2005-2011; he ded BIN ABDULLAH Mnsters between of the Councl of

name of Saudi Arabia. Following vce-presdent Former crown Araban natonal n 2016. (47) He became the

prnce, guard between There are varous n 2011. that he left the the establishment of the state, stores suggestng throne for hs TURKI BIN ABDULLAH secretary-general of 2013-2017 dsmssal brother Fasal due the family tree of the royal house to health ssues or (1953-1964). the Royal Court n 2015, then apponted as the began to grow larger. He was apponted as the Saud Araba's second crown prnce.

KHALED BIN SULTAN BANDAR BIN SULTAN SALMAN BIN SULTAN governor of Ryadh n ambassador to After Kng Salman 2014, but was dsmssed the Unted removed Muhammad

(70) n 2015 by Kng Salman. (69) (42) States, he bn Nayef from all He was among the returned to postons, he became detaned royal members Ryadh after the crown prnce n n 2017 purge. the Khashogg’s 2017. Also, he s the kllng. mnster of defense, deputy prme mnster. OCTOBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER 31 01 02 04 05 06 32 33

• Istanbul Chief Public Prosecutor’s • U.S. President Donald Trump: “They • President Erdogan writes an article for • Prominent Muslim scholar Sheikh Yusuf • Turkish Vice President Fuat Oktay • German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas: Office: “Victim Jamal Khashoggi was [Saudis] didn’t betray me, maybe they Washington Post: “Saudi Arabia still has al-Qaradawi: “Khashoggi was afraid to says Ankara is looking for the person, “We expect that those responsible for strangled to death -- in a premeditated betrayed themselves. You have to see many questions to answer about Jamal be jailed when he entered the consulate, who ordered the killing of journalist this crime will be held accountable. Not way -- soon after he entered the Istan- how it all turns out.” Khashoggi’s killing.” but he did not think there were people Khashoggi on its soil. just the perpetrators, but also those bul Consulate of the Kingdom of Saudi who would kill him and they indeed who ordered this murder, if indeed there Arabia on Oct. 2, 2018 for wedding pro- • The statement by Istanbul Chief Pub- • Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Ne- killed him.” Oktay says Turkey carried out an inves- were such people.” cedures. His body was disposed of after lic Prosecutor’s Office which states tanyahu speaks for the first time on tigation into Khashoggi’s killing with Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s being dismembered following his death Khashoggi was strangled to death, then Khashoggi: “What happened at the Is- • U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo “transparency and a serious manner. • Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Ca- Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s by suffocation - again, in line with the his body was dismembered. This was tanbul consulate was horrendous and says those who committed the murder He states Turkey has given a message vusoglu says Turkey has got more evi- plans.” the first official and detailed statement it should be duly dealt with. But at the are to be held accountable “while assur- that no one can ever attempt to commit dence to share on Khashoggi murder. that grabbed attention worldwide. same time, it is very important for the ing the strategic relationship between such murder in its territories and those Prosecutor’s Office notes that no con- stability of the region and the world the United States and the Kingdom of who do”will pay the price.” “There are other evidence we didn’t crete results have been achieved de- • Turkish Justice Minister Gul: “No one that Saudi Arabia remains stable.” Saudi Arabia.” share with the public. We provided it to spite Turkey’s good intentions to reveal can escape responsibility. It is not a • Jamal Khashoggi’s sons, Salah and the countries that demanded this evi- the truth. matter that can be covered up.” • Mark Rutte, prime minister of the Neth- • Billionaire businessman Al-Waleed Abdullah, appeal for father’s body to be dence.” erlands, says a lot still remains unclear, bin Talal says Crown Prince Bin Salman returned. • Saudi Prosecutor Al-Mujeb leaves Tur- EU members have discussed the steps will be vindicated after the probe into “This 15-man team did not come to Tur- key following meetings on the killing of to be taken, depending on the course of Khashoggi’s killing. key on their own, they came on orders. journalist. the ongoing investigation. Without due orders and permissions, 15 “Please let’s give some time [to Saudi people cannot come from Saudi Arabia • French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Arabia] for the investigation to finish.” to kill their own citizen.” Drian says the Khashoggi case has ad- vanced due to Turkish pressure.

• EU Foreign Policy Chief Federica Mogherini says they expect Saudi Ara- bia to cooperate in the investigation and reveal full truth so the culprits could be punished. NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER 08 10 11 13 14 15 34 35

• Numan Kurtulmus, the deputy head of • Norway halts arms and military equip- • Yasin Aktay, an adviser to Turkish • British Foreign Minister Jeremy Hunt • Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Ca- • Prosecutor’s Office of Saudi Arabia Turkey’s ruling Justice and Development ment exports to Saudi Arabia. President Erdogan: “[Addressing King goes to Riyadh, calls for a transparent vusoglu: “At this stage, we see that an shares their findings of Khashoggi case. (AK) Party: “Khashoggi case jeopardiz- Salman] even if it is your son who com- and credible justice, and bring those re- international probe is a must now. Tur- It is noted that Khashoggi’s body was es the safety of pilgrims, and isolates • Turkish President Erdogan: “These 18 mits a crime, it is our duty to bring sponsible to justice. key is not bluffing, we need to share all dismembered and taken out of the con- Saudi Arabia in the eyes of the Muslims.” people definitely know the perpetrator him to justice. This will not weaken but evidence we have with the international sulate building to be handed to a ‘local collaborator’. Saudi Arabia has charged and where the body is buried. Moreo- strengthen you. Whoever the killer is, community.” 11 of 21 suspects, five sought to be exe- • President of the International Union ver, I’ve stated this before, the Saudi hand him over to us. Nobody can make

Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s cuted; no names were provided on their Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s of Muslim Scholars Ahmed al-Raissouni: foreign minister had made a statement, us believe that these 18 people commit- • U.S. National Security Advisor John identities. “The killing of the Saudi journalist is not and now they are denying it. ‘We didn’t ted the murder on their own. From their Bolton says audiotapes of the Khashog- only an issue of the Arab and Islamic do it,’ they say. What was this statement previous statements, we know that they gi killing, which he did not listen, don’t • Prosecutor’s Office notes that the hit world but it’s a humanitarian and global about? ‘We conducted this with the lo- can’t even go to the bathroom without link back to Crown Prince Bin Salman. squad was sent to convince Khashoggi issue.” cal collaborators, handed [the body] to superiors’ permission.” to return to his homeland and Crown the local collaborators.’ As I’ve always • Omer Celik, AK Party spokesman, says: Prince Bin Salman wasn’t informed. asked since the beginning, who are • For the first time since Khashoggi was “This could not have been done without these local collaborators? You need to killed, Simon McDonald, Theresa May’s an order from the top. The world wants • Saudi Royal Court bans Royal Court Advisor Al-Qahtani from going abroad. explain this, you are the ones who know Special Representatives and Undersec- to know: Who gave the order from the this. If not you, then this murderer or retary at the Foreign and Common- top?” • The U.S. Treasury Department imposes murderers very well know it.” wealth Office, speaks to King Salman sanctions on 17 Saudis, within the frame Bin Abdulaziz in Riyadh. of the Magnitsky Act.

• Turkish Foreign Minister Cavusoglu says the Saudi Attorney General’s state- ments are unsatisfactory.

“We find these steps positive but in- sufficient. Also, those who gave the in- struction and actual Qahtani instigators must be revealed.” NOVEMBER 15

1- “The incident began 29/9/2018 upon the issuance 8- The investigation concluded that the crime was of an order to bring back the victim by means of per- carried out after a physical altercation with the victim suasion, and if persuasion fails, to do so by force. The where he was forcibly restrained and injected with a former Deputy President of the General Intelligence large amount of a drug resulting in an overdose that Presidency (GIP) [Ahmed al-Asiri] issued this order led to his death, May Allah bless his soul. to the leader of the mission. 9- The investigation has identified those that ordered SAUDI 2- The leader of the mission formed a 15-member and carried out the murder, totaling (5) individuals team that consisted of three groups (negotiations/ that have confessed to the murder. intelligence/ logistics) to persuade and return the victim. The leader of the mission suggested to the 10- After the murder, the victim’s body was dismem- former Deputy President of the GIP to assign a for- bered by the individuals that had committed the mur- mer colleague to head the negotiation group in the der and was transferred outside the consulate build- team because of his previous relationship with the ing. victim. This former colleague was assigned at the ARABIA’S CHIEF time to work with a former Advisor. 11- The investigation concluded that the body was re- moved from the Consulate building by (5) individuals. 3- The former Deputy President of the GIP contacted the former advisor [Saud al-Qahtani] to request as- 12- The individual who delivered the body to the col- signment of the individual with whom the victim had laborator has been identified. a previous relationship. The former advisor agreed to this request and asked to meet the leader of the 13- Based upon the description provided by the indi-

36 PROSECUTOR’S mission. vidual who delivered the body to the collaborator, a 37 composite sketch of the collaborator has been pro- 4- The former advisor met with the leader of the mis- duced. sion and the negotiation team; to share with them information relevant to the mission based on his spe- 14- The investigation identified the individual [Musta- cialization in media. The former advisor expressed his fa Mohammed Al-Madani] who wore the victim’s belief that the victim was co opted by organizations clothes after the murder and disposed of the victim’s and states hostile to the Kingdom and that the vic- belongings in a trash receptacle, including his watch OFFICE STATEMENT tim’s presence outside of Saudi Arabia represents a and glasses, after leaving the Consulate building. In threat to national security and he encouraged the addition, the investigation identified the individual team to persuade the victim to return, noting that his that accompanied him.

Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s return [Khashoggi] represents a significant achieve- Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s ment of the mission. 15-The investigation established that the surveillance cameras in the Consulate were disabled, and the in- 5- The leader of the mission contacted a forensics ex- vestigation identified the individual responsible for pert [Salah Muhammad al-Tubaighy] to join the team doing so. ON THE MURDER for the purpose of removing evidence from the scene in the case force had to be used to return the vic- 16- The investigation found that (4) suspects provid- tim. The forensics expert joined the team without the ed the logistical support to those who carried out the knowledge of his superiors. crime.

Saudi Prosecutor’s Office 6- The leader of the mission contacted a collaborator 17- The investigation concluded that the leader of the shares a briefing on the in Turkey to secure a safe location in case force had mission agreed with the negotiation group and their investigation results on to be used return the victim. head (that made the decision to murder the victim and carried out the crime) to write a false report to November 15, 2018. 7- After surveying the Consulate, the head of the ne- the former Deputy President of GIP that stated that gotiation team concluded that it would not be pos- the victim had left the Consulate building after the sible to transfer the victim by force to the safe loca- failure of negotiating or forcing his return.” tion in case the negotiations with him to return failed. The head of the negotiation team decided to murder the victim if the negotiations failed. The investigation concluded that the incident resulted in murder. No names were used in the prosecutor’s office statement. The names of the Saudi officials in parenthesis were provided by Anadolu Agency after they were confirmed through titles and provided information. NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER 17 18 19 20 21 22 38 39

• The Washington Post: “CIA concludes • Trump says CIA hasn’t concluded the • Germany imposes a travel ban bans on • Turkish Foreign Minister Cavusoglu in • Prominent U.S. senators send a let- • Denmark announces it suspends arms Saudi crown prince ordered Jamal report yet, avoiding making further 18 Saudi citizens linked to Khashoggi’s Washington: “Many countries don’t want ter to President Trump, demanding an sales to Saudi Arabia. Khashoggi’s assassination. comments. killing and halts all arms exports to Sau- to disrupt relations with Saudi Arabia answer from him whether Saudi Crown di Arabia. due to Khashoggi murder, we wouldn’t Prince Mohammed bin Salman ordered • The U.S. Defense Secretary James “The CIA’s assessment, in which officials “We have the tape, I don’t want to hear want this as well; however, light must be the killing of Khashoggi. Mattis: “On the [Jamal] Khashoggi affair, have said they have high confidence, is the tape, no reason for me to hear the • France Foreign Minister Jean-Yves shed on this murder.” presidents don’t often get the freedom the most definitive to date linking Mo- tape. Because it’s a suffering tape, it’s a Le Drian says Paris will swiftly impose • The U.S. media view Trump’s state- to work with unblemished partners.” Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s hammed [bin Salman] to the operation terrible tape. [...] But at the same time, sanctions. • U.S. President Trump: “King Salman ment as “maintaining support to Saudi Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s and complicates the Trump administra- we do have an ally, and I want to stick and Crown Prince Mohammad bin Sal- Arabia.” • Trump: “I hate the crime, I hate what’s tion’s efforts to preserve its relationship with an ally that in many ways has been • Saudi King Salman Bin Abdulaziz man vigorously deny any knowledge of done, I hate the cover-up. I will tell you with a close ally.” very good.” makes a speech before the public for the planning or execution of the murder • Leading figures in the U.S. media com- this: the crown prince hates it more than the first time since Khashoggi was killed. of Mr. Khashoggi.” ment that Trump ignored CIA conclu- I do.” “Trump has told senior White House • The U.S. Republican Senator Lindsey However, he doesn’t mention Khashog- sion and “bought” what Saudi Arabia officials that he wants Mohammed to Graham says that he doesn’t believe 15 gi’s killing in his speech. “That being said, we may never know all told him, while turning a blind eye to the • France issues a travel ban on 18 remain in power because Saudi Arabia or more people would go to Turkey and of the facts surrounding the murder of “U.S. values”, and showed the way to the people related to Khashoggi murder. helps to check Iran, which the adminis- murder a dissident “without the knowl- Mr. Jamal Khashoggi. In any case, our dictators “by forgiving” Saudi Arabia. tration considers its top security chal- edge” of Crown Prince Bin Salman. relationship is with the Kingdom of Sau- lenge in the Middle East,” the Post said, di Arabia.” adding that Trump “said he does not want the controversy over Khashoggi’s • British Foreign Office says, together death to impede oil production by the with the EU partners, they are looking kingdom,” The Washington Post writes. into ways to introduce “global sanc- tions” against such atrocities, “which could address such brutal human rights violations.” NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER 24 26 27 28 29 30 40 41

• Noha and Razan Khashoggi write • Turkish police search two villas in • Crown Prince Bin Salman, in his first • Former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary • Local officials in a Washington neigh- • Crown Prince Bin Salman attends G20 for Washington Post: “We are Jamal Yalova province as part of a probe re- visit abroad following the murder, faces Clinton: “We have a president who is borhood votes to rename a street Summit held in Argentina along with Khashoggi’s daughters. We promise his lated to the killing of Khashoggi. They protests in Tunisia. part of the cover-up as to what hap- outside Saudi Arabia’s embassy after French President Emmanuel Macron, light will never fade.” also search a well in the garden of one pened in that consulate or embassy Khashoggi. the U.K. Prime Minister Theresa May, of the villas. • Turkish Foreign Minister Cavusoglu when Mr. Khashoggi was murdered.” Chinese President Xi Jinping and Indi- “Throughout all his trials and travels, he speaks to German newspaper Süd- • Canada imposes sanctions on 17 Sau- an Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Crown never abandoned hope for his country. • Istanbul’s Chief Public Prosecutor’s deutsche Zeitung: “I listened to it. He • U.S. Secretary of State Pompeo says dis it believes are complicit in the mur- Prince Bin Salman says: “Saudi Arabia Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s Because, in truth, Dad was no dissident.” Office says Mansour Othman M. Abba- was killed within seven minutes. It was there is no clear evidence proving in- der of journalist Khashoggi. can’t be blamed unless the crime is Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s hussain, one of the suspects, commu- a deliberate murder. I could hear the fo- volvement of Crown Prince Bin Salman proven.” nicated with a Saudi citizen Ghozan, rensic doctor instructing others to listen in the CIA report on Khashoggi case. codenamed Mohammed Ahmed A. Al- to music while he cuts up the body. One • French President Macron urges Crown faozan, a day prior to the murder. The notices that he’s enjoying it. He likes to • U.S. President Donald Trump stresses Prince Bin Salman to include interna- communication is evaluated as being re- cut up people. It is disgusting.” that Crown Prince Bin Salman “denies tional experts to the ongoing investiga- lated to the disappearance of Khashog- having a role in Khashoggi murder”, tion into Khashoggi’s killing. gi’s body. • Republican Senator Lindsey Graham addingthe CIA report doesn’t confirm says he will take necessary steps for or deny his involvement. • Turkish Foreign Minister Cavusoglu Senate to make a relevant statement if says Turkey will provide full cooperation the evidence points to Crown Prince Bin for an international probe. Salman’s involvement in the murder. DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER 01 02 03 04 05 06 42 43

• In G20 Leaders Summit, Turkish • Canadian Prime Minister Justin • CNN International says Khashoggi’s • U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham, after be- • An Istanbul court issues arrest war- • A group of senators -- Republicans President Erdogan speaks about the Trudeau says they need “better an- WhatsApp messages to Saudi activist ing briefed by CIA Director Gina Haspel rants for Saud al-Qahtani, a top aide to Lindsey Graham, Marco Rubio and Todd Khashoggi case. swers” on Khashoggi killing. Omar Abdulaziz, in which he harshly regarding Khashoggi’s murder, says: the crown prince, and Ahmed al-Asi- Young; Democrats Dianne Feinstein, Ed criticized Crown Prince Bin Salman, may ri, former deputy intelligence chief, for Markey and Christopher Coons-- intro- • The CIA claims that bin Salman might • Crown Prince Bin Salman visits Mau- offer new clues to killing. “MBS, the crown prince, is a wrecking their alleged involvement in the “pre- duce a resolution that would hold Saudi have ordered the killing of Khashoggi in ritania. ball, I think he is complicit in the mur- meditated and monstrously” committed Arabia’s crown prince accountable for 11 messages he sent to his royal advisor, • Crown Prince Bin Salman visits Alge- der of Mr. Khashoggi to the highest level murder. the murder of Jamal Khashoggi. Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s the leader of killing squad. ria. possible.” Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s • Turkish Foreign Minister Cavusoglu: The resolution stressed that Crown “I could no longer support arms sales to “If there is an impasse, which is an issue Prince Bin Salman controlled the hit- the Saudis as long as Mohammed [bin we have been seriously contemplating squad. Salman] is in charge.” about and talking about with our col- leagues these days, we will not hesitate • Washinton Post Editorial Board: “If Mo- to call for an international investigation.” hammed bin Salman is not sanctioned and restrained, he will continue to dam- • Two-time Oscar winner actor Sean age U.S. interests in the Middle East — Penn, who is reportedly producing a which is why Congress must act.” documentary on Khashoggi’s murder, shoots videos near the Saudi Consulate where the murder was committed. DECEMBER 01 ERDOGAN BRINGS KHASHOGGI MURDER TO G20 AGENDA We never see Khashoggi murder as a political issue. For Turkey, the incident is and will remain a flagrant murder. Neither the Islamic world nor the international public opinion will be satisfied until revealing all those responsible for this murder.

From the moment we were informed about the inci- they say. They note that 22 people are behind bars dent, we have used every means available to shed- now and some of them are facing death penalty. 44 45 light on Khashoggi murder. This murder, which was When the crown prince proposed that he could send first denied, then tried to be twisted and finally ad- chief prosecutor, I said go ahead. The chief prosecu- mitted by the Saudi administration, was revealed tor came to Istanbul and met Turkey’schief prosecu- thanks to Turkey’s determined stance. We don’t and tor; however, the Saudi prosecutor didn’t share his won’t see this as a political issue. For us, this incident information, documents with the Turkish prosecutor. is a vicious murder and will remain so. They only demanded from us.

I regret to say that our judicial and administrative au- Our prosecutor provided him with the information thorities didn’t get the needed support from Saudi and documents we had. I spoke to Khadim al-Hara- Arabia regarding the investigation into the murder. It mayn as-Sharifayn [King Salman] twice and shared Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s is not possible to accept the crown prince’s attitude, this information with him. Now, we are following the which is “we cannot blame anyone unless the crime process; but, as I said, this is not just anissue for Tur- is proven.” Then, although 15 people came to Istanbul key but for the whole world, especially for you press from Saudi Arabia via two planes, and even though members. We asked for the whereabouts of the body they said that it was a planned operation in their own from the Saudi foreign minister who used “local col- words, we see that they themselves gave up on this laborator” term in his statement: Who are these local [claim] later on. collaborators? Explain it to us. Our questions regard- ing the local collaborators, their identity and who [...] Why would Jamal Khashoggi not meet his fi- gave orders to the intelligence members were not ancée after leaving the building, and leave with her? answered. All these lies are contradictory, and they have been unearthed. And, there are documents and statements suggesting that Jamal Khashoggi was strangled for Unfortunately, our Chief Prosecutor’s Office con- seven and a half minutes. We shared these with the ducting the investigation doesn’t have access to the world. We shared these documents with whoever de- suspects arrested in Saudi Arabia. I believe their trial manded. in Turkey would be beneficial in terms of answering the questions raised by the international community. Turkey has handed this information and document to Neither the Islamic world nor the international pub- the U.S., the U.K., Germany, French authorities, and lic opinion will be satisfied until all those responsible whoever demanded, particularly to Saudi Arabia; we for this murder are revealed. We have no intention are open to it as it is not an issue for Turkey only. We of harming or wearing out the state and royal family demanded the extradition [of suspects] as this crime of Saudi Arabia. We believe that it will also be in the took place in Istanbul. Saudi officials don’t hand over interest of Saudi Arabia to clarify all aspects of the them [to Turkey], they can’t. “We are trying them,” murder and prosecute all perpetrators. DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER 09 10 12 13 14 15 46 47

• A report by The New York Times details • Fahrettin Altun, the Director of Com- • “It was the Saudi government, and MBS • The U.S. Senate passed a resolution, • Turkish President Erdogan says the au- • Turkish Foreign Minister Cavusoglu the relationship between Jared Kushner, munications at the Turkish Presidency, is the head of the Saudi government,” presented by the U.S. Senate Foreign dio recordings suggest that those who says that Ankara doesn’t have any the U.S. President Donald Trump’s son- says Turkey is “disappointed” by Adel U.S. ambassador to the UN Nikki Haley Relations Committee Head Bob Corker, came to kill Khashoggi included “closest knowledge about the investigation con- in-law and a senior advisor, and Crown al-Jubeir’s refusal to extradite the sus- refers to the Crown Prince Mohammed holding bin Salman “responsible” for the associates” of Crown Prince Bin Salman. ducted by Saudi Arabia. Prince Mohammed bin Salman. pects. bin Salman by his initials. Khashoggi murder, and calling on Wash- ington to ensure those involved [in mur- “Some countries and groups from the Is- “President Erdogan explicitly under- According to the New York Times, Kush- “Saudi intelligence officials, including a “So they are all responsible, and they der] are held accountable. lamic world, unfortunately, didn’t speak lined that the investigation conducted Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s ner and Salman spoke over the phone forensic expert, arrived at Turkey with don’t get a pass, not an individual, not the truth and reality within the frame of by us is transparent and credible. We Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s on Oct. 10, following Khashoggi murder, the aim of killing. It is understood that the government — they don’t get a The resolution underlines that the Sen- justice [...] The U.S. Permanent Repre- don’t have any information regarding and National Security Advisor John Bol- the Saudi Consulate General in Istanbul pass.” ate believes Crown Prince Bin Salman sentative to the UN made a statement. the investigation held by the Saudis. ton was also present during the phone is a partner of crime as well. Under these had ordered the killing of Khashoggi She explicitly gave a name and that This investigation should be transparent conversation. However, according to circumstances, it is natural that the mur- • Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Net- and calls on Riyadh administration to points to something. Things are emerg- and credible. Turkey will not let go of the U.S. authorities, Kushner maintained derers are tried in Turkish authorities.” anyahu tells reporters that “What hap- bring the culprits to justice. ing vividly. We are almost all alone fol- this issue and will get to the bottom of contact with Bin Salman unofficially and pened in Istanbul is nothing short of lowing this murder which was commit- it.” told him to “weather the storm”, and • “I can’t breathe” were the final worlds horrific. But it’s balanced by the impor- ted brutally, although it is prohibited in “resolve his conflicts around the region of Khashoggi when he was killed at the tance of Saudi Arabia and the role it our religion to unjustly claim a life.” and avoid further embarrassments.” Saudi Consulate, CNN said in a report plays in the Middle East.” citing a source who allegedly read a • Referring to the CIA Director Gina • Saudi Arabia Foreign Minister Adel al- translated transcript of the audio re- Haspel’s Khashoggi brief in the Senate, Jubeir announces that Riyadh will not cording of the incident and was briefed the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Com- extradite the suspects to Turkey. about the murder investigation in the mittee Head Bob Corker says it is one of U.S. the most convincing intelligence briefs he has ever seen in the past 12 years. • Khashoggi was among the final names of the ‘Person of the Year’ of the Times magazine. DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER 16 17 18 19 20 22 48 49

• UN Secretary-General Antonio Gu- • Foreign Ministry of Saudi Arabia is- • The Wall Street Journal says that Saud • Anadolu Agency publishes new imag- • Turkish Justice Minister Abdulhamit • Maya Foa, director of human rights terres speaks in 18th Doha Forum: “It is sues a statement on social media, say- al-Qahtani, who allegedly planned the es of the 15-member hit squad in which Gul says Turkey has conducted a metic- organization Reprieve: “Jamal Khashog- absolutely essential to have a credible ing: “KSA rejects the position expressed Khashoggi murder and one of the clos- they can be seen entering and exiting ulous probe into Khashoggi killing. gi’s murder exposed the brutality of investigation on and to have the punish- recently by the U.S. Senate, which was est advisors to Crown Prince Bin Sal- the consulate building in Istanbul and Saudi Arabia’s rulers to the world. Now ment of those that were guilty.” based upon unsubstantiated claims and man, was one of those who tortured the their departure from the airport. “Under the leadership of our president, the kingdom must be held to account allegations.” women activists arrested in Saudi Ara- we have used the administrative insti- for its use of the death penalty as polit- • Asked about Khashoggi’s body at bia. • Within the framework of the inves- tution’s potential to the fullest. Putting ical prisoners and vulnerable economic Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s 18th Doha Forum, Turkish Foreign Min- • Richard F. Hohlt, who was lobbying tigation, a special team examined forward the process to the international migrants await the executioner’s blade.” Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s ister Cavusoglu says: “We know that for Riyadh and appointed by Trump to 3,500-hour-long video recordings, ob- community has been greatly achieved. If the body was dismembered and taken serve on the President’s Commission on tained from 147 surveillance cameras it wasn’t for Turkish fastidiousness, this out of the consulate. However, we don’t “White House Fellowships”, suspended located in 80 different points. brutal murder would be covered up. [...] know where the body is, this is the real lobbying for Riyadh government. Certain groups put a great effort into question. We need to answer that. They covering up the incident, however, the finally confessed having a local collabo- • Many lobbying firms, including BGR, judicial authorization belongs to Turkey rator, but they still didn’t share the col- Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher and Glover as the incident took place in Turkey.” laborator’s name,” he said. Park Group, terminated business re- lations with Saudi Arabia following • Saudi Arabia decides to modify its Khashoggi murder. General Intelligence Directorate and forms three new sub-units to boost con- trol over intelligence operations. DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER DECEMBER 23 24 26 27 28 30 50 51

• Souad Mekhennet and Greg Mill- • The Washington Post’s Editorial • Devlet Bahceli, the head of Turkey’s • Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Ca- • Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte • Turkish Justice Minister Abdulham- er writes for Washington Post: “Jamal Board: “The unlearned lessons of Jamal opposition National Movement Party, vusoglu says Turkey is in contact with says Khashoggi murder has to be clari- it Gul says: “In this regard [killing], we, Khashoggi’s final months as an exile in Khashoggi’s murder.” stresses the importance of the govern- some countries to apply to the United fied no matter what the price is. as Turkey, will follow this issue until the the long shadow of Saudi Arabia” ment’s sensitivity and international re- Nations regarding Khashoggi killing. end by using all options, including the “So far, the democratic West has re- lations, saying the perpetrators of the Conte emphasizes that, on behalf of the international ones, involving the UN, • Article points out that slain journalist sponded weakly to such aggressions. If murder should be tried in Turkey. “We have so far acted in a transparent other partners in Europe and the Italian and never let it be covered up.” Khashoggi was called by former royal the impunity continues, no exiled dissi- manner and done whatever is needed government, Crown Prince Bin Salman Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s court advisor Saudi Al-Qahtahi when he dent will be safe and no Western capital • Riyadh administration carries out a to shed light on the murder and shared is urged to provide a fulltrial in line with Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s was at a friend’s house in Virginia in Oc- immune from foreign hit squads. That’s limited Cabinet reshuffle for the second the information and documents with the international standards. tober 2017. one of the reasons imposing conse- time, following Khashoggi murder. This the world community.However, there quences on Mohammed bin Salman is time, foreign minister is dismissed. Po- are no developments [coming] from • The newly-appointed Saudi Foreign more important than arms sales: The litical experts view these maneuvers as Saudi Arabia [...] There is a need for an Minister Ibrahim al-Assaf says that the United States and other democracies measures to “protect the seat and au- international investigation. Yet, I’m not Jamal Khashoggi case has brought will not thrive in the lawless world he thority” of the crown prince in the wake speaking of the UN commission to be more changes than crisis to the country. would help to create.” of global reaction. formed to seek the truth; for UN inves- tigation, UN Security Council needs to issue a decision; but, if one of these five countries rejects, then such investiga- tion can’t be launched.” JANUARY (2019) JANUARY (2019) JANUARY (2019) JANUARY (2019) JANUARY (2019) JANUARY (2019) 03 04 07 10 11 28 52 53

• The first trial session of suspects in the • Ravina Shamdasani, UN high commis- • The Washington Post says Saud al-Qa- • Marking the 100th day of the murder, • Members of the U.S. Senate commem- • Agnes Callamard, the UN’s special rap- Khashoggi murder case is held in Sau- sioner for Human Rights: “We, as you htani, the alleged head of the hit squad Amnesty International’s Turkish Branch orate Jamal Khashoggi on the 100th day porteur on extrajudicial, summary or ar- di Arabia; 11 suspects, five of whom are know, have been pressing for justice in that killed Khashoggi, has been missing issues a press statement in front of the since he was killed in the Saudi Consu- bitrary executions, arrives in Turkey as sought with execution, face judges for Khashoggi case for months now. We since the murder was exposed, adding Saudi Consulate In Istanbul. late in Istanbul. part of the international investigation the first time along with their lawyers. have been calling for an investigation, that there were contradictory state- into the Khashoggi killing. Defendants demand time to defend an independent investigation, with in- ments on his fate. “Turkish authorities, who started an in- Nancy Pelosi, speaker of the U.S. House themselves. The Saudi Prosecutor’s Of- ternational involvement, and this has vestigation into Khashoggi’s fate, con- of Representatives, criticizes Washing- Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavu- Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s fice announces that the trials are post- not happened yet.” cluded that he was strangled in the ton’s attitude towards Khashoggi killing, soglu receives Callamard and accom- Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s poned to a later date so that the neces- consulate building and his body was which she addresses as an “atrocity”. panying experts, who will meet other sary investigation could be conducted. savagely dismembered. Brutally mur- Turkish officials on their visit scheduled The statement by the prosector’s Office dered, Khashoggi’s body still hasn’t “If we decide that commercial interests for Jan. 28 to Feb. 3. In June, Callamard says the defendants wanted to be tried been found. For this very reason, on should override the statements that we is set to share her findings and sugges- “within the frame of Sharia law.” the 100th day of the killing, we have make and the actions that we take, we tions on the investigation with the UN changed the name of the street, where must admit that we have no moral au- Human Rights Council. he was last seen, to ‘Jamal Khashoggi’, thority to talk about moral atrocities an- and we reiterate our demand for justice ymore, anytime.” Ahead of her visit, Cavusoglu said that with this symbolic act.” President Erdogan had instructed offi- cials to bring the case to the interna- tional level. Ankara’s approach towards the brutal murder of Khashoggi was to shed light on the incident and not to affect ties between Turkey and Saudi Arabia. The Prosecutor’s Office quickly stepped into action on the day of the murder.

Turkish Foreign Ministry summoned Saudi Arabia’s ambassador, demanding an urgent explanation.

As the Saudi side didn’t take action, Turkish Presi- dent Recep Tayyip Erdogan said that he was closely following the incident and “would share the results, whatever they might be, with the world.” The same day, the Turkish Foreign Ministry summoned the Sau- di Ambassador for the second time and reiterated its

demand for an explanation. 55

Erdogan’s attitude triggered an action across the global community. Foreign press and the Western countries began to question the murder, making statements one after another.

President Erdogan made phone calls to Saudi King Salman and carefully underlined that he didn’t be- lieve King was involved in the murder by any means.

While waiting for the Saudi officials to cooperate Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s with good intentions, Turkish officials didn’t allow the waiting to turn into a delaying tactic and informed the local and global community about developments in a correct and quick way.

The evidence shared with the global community TURKEY forced the Saudi administration to clarify the inci- dent. In order to put an end to the delaying tactics, Ankara shared the transcript of the audio recordings with the Saudi administration.

President Erdogan made a statement on the hearing of 18 people involved in Khashoggi murder in Istanbul and Foreign Minister Cavusoglu’s Nov. 14 call for an international investigation made the Saudi adminis- FOILS MURDER tration take action. Saudi Arabia’s Chief Prosecutor’s Office announced the “partial results” of the investigation; however, they were far from satisfying the global community.

Istanbul Chief Prosecutor’s Office issued arrest war- rants for Saud al-Qahtani, a top aide to the crown prince, and Ahmed al-Asiri, former deputy intelli- COVER-UP gence chief. SAUDI ARABIA’S CONTRADICTIONS 56 57

FIRST, the Kingdom of Saudi FIRST, the Saudi authorities ducting routine visits to the FIRST, Saudi Chief Prosecutor’s Office held on November 15, 2018, the Saudi offi- Arabia denied that Khashog- denied that Khashoggi was embassies. THEN, Saudi Chief claimed that the murder squad arrived in Is- cial said that the body was handed to a lo- gi was inside the consulate murdered in the consulate Prosecutor’s Office announced tanbul to convince Khashoggi and not to kill cal collaborator; yet, Riyadh wasn’t able to building. Two days LATER, the building. THEN, it was an- that it detained 18 people sus- him. THEN, it was revealed that Khashoggi explain as to how they don’t have the name statement by the kingdom on nounced that “he died in a pected of being involved in was killed seven and a half minutes after en- or picture of this so-called local collaborator its official Twitter account al- brawl.” With its statement on Khashoggi murder. Saudi au- tering the building and no time was spent on to whom suspects trusted enough to deliver leged that the Saudi journalist October 20, the Saudi Arabia thorities charged 11 of 21 sus- negotiations. the body. Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s went missing after leaving the Foreign Ministry attempted pects, the prosecutor sought Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s diplomatic building. to cover up the premeditated the death penalty for five; Ri- FIRST, the Saudi Chief Prosecutor’s Office NOW... There are a number of questions yet murder. yadh provided no statement claimed that the people in the hit squad to be answered by the Saudi authorities: INITIALLY, Crown Prince Bin on their identities. were “negotiation” officials. THEN, it was Where is the body? When did the Saudi in- Salman says, “we will allow FIRST, Riyadh administration found that those who killed Khashoggi had tel contact the so-called local collaborator? them [Turkish authorities] to failed to provide evidence The Saudi authorities FIRST- professional tools and skills. Why don’t they find the name or a picture of enter and search.”THEN, Turk- proving that Khashoggi had said the administration had no the local collaborator, if there is one? When ish authorities’ search was left the Saudi Consulate, not- knowledge of the murder. THEN, FIRST, Saudi Chief Prosecutor’s Office ar- did the Saudi officials decide to break the delayed and made difficult. ing that the surveillance cam- after King Salman’s involvement, gued that the hit squad didn’t have murder- cameras inside the consulate? What was the Saudi Consul General Moham- eras were broken. THEN, Saudi high-profile figures including the ous intentions. THEN, it was revealed that outcome of investigation involving key fig- mad al-Otaibi left Turkey in Chief Prosecutor’s Office an- Royal Court Advisor Al-Qahtani Al-Tubaigy, the director of the forensic insti- ure Al-Qahtani? Why didn’t they announce the wake of the search in his nounced that the cameras in and Deputy Intelligence Chief tute, arrived in Istanbul with a view to wiping the names of the suspects charged and house. the consulate were broken by Asiri were dismissed. off evidence. The audio recordings suggest what kind of findings were obtained? Was one of Saudis accused of tak- Al-Tubaigy listened to music while dismem- there an investigation regarding Saudi Con- FIRST, the Saudi officials of- ing part in the murder. FIRST, King Salman dismisses the bering Khashoggi’s body. sul General Mohammad al-Otaibi? What did fered to form a joint investi- number two in command of the Crown Prince Bin Salman and his advisor gation unit with Turkey. THEN, BEFORE Turkish authorities intelligence service, THEN, Sau- IN THE BEGINNING, the Saudi authorities discuss in their messages during the time of Saudis didn’t share anything exposed the 15 men-hit squad di Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir told Turkish officials in writing that they were the murder as CIA pointed out? useful; they only sought to coming from Riyadh for mur- said that high-level intelligence of- unable to identify the “local collaborator” of learn what Turkey had. der, the Saudis argued they ficials had “no knowledge” of the the hit squad. LATER, in a press conference were “technical teams” con- incident. TRUMP PRIORITIZES PUBLIC DEFENDS AMERICAN INTEREST AMERICAN VALUES

OCTOBER 9: TRUMP’S FIRST STATEMENT OCTOBER 15: DIVERTING ATTENTION FROM “I am concerned about that. I don’t like hearing about CROWN PRINCE MBS The U.S. press gave wide coverage to Khashoggi New York Times: “U.S. Spy Agencies Are Increasingly it and hopefully that will sort itself out. Right now, “The king firmly denies any knowledge of it. I don’t want murder and exposed the killers and their ties with Convinced of Saudi Prince’s Ties to Journalist’s nobody knows anything about it.” to get into his mind, but it sounded to me maybe these MBS. Congressmen pointed to MBS’ role and pressured Disappearance.” could have been rogue killers. Who knows? We are Trump. OCTOBER 10: RAISING THE EXPECTATIONS going to try getting to bottom of it soon.” A group of members of the U.S. House of “It’s a very sad situation. It’s a very bad situation. And US Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chair we want to get to the bottom of it.” Representatives urges President Trump to impose OCTOBER 16: EMBRACING BIN SALMAN Republican Bob Corker: “If the crown prince went strong and comprehensive sanctions if Saudi Arabia has “Just spoke with the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia who in front of a jury, he would be convicted in 30 minutes.” a role in the murder. OCTOBER 11: TRUMP UNDERLINES ‘NATIONAL totally denied any knowledge of what took place in their Turkish Consulate [...] Answers will be forthcoming shortly.” INTEREST’ Kentucky Senator Rand Paul urges to suspend New York Times Editorial Board: “He [Trump] 58 “We don’t like it, not even a little bit. But whether or not cutting the arms sales to Saudi Arabia “until Khashoggi 59 disregarded the C.I.A.’s conclusions and American we should stop $110 billion in this country knowing [Saudi OCTOBER 24: SINGING A DIFFERENT TUNE returns alive.” Arabia has] four or five alternatives — two good alterna- AFTER PUBLIC PRESSURE values in swallowing the Saudi version of the murder of tives? That would not be acceptable to me.” journalist Jamal Khashoggi. “The cover-up was one of the worst in the history of Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders: “Find out cover-ups. Whoever thought about that idea, I think, is what happened to Jamal Khashoggi and holding the Republican Senator Mike Lee: “I don’t have access OCTOBER 13: MESSAGES OF DETERMINATION in big trouble.” perpetrators accountable is more important than to everything the president sees [...] the intelligence I’ve defense contractor profits.” CONTINUE seen suggests this was ordered by the crown prince.” “There’s something really terrible and disgusting about NOVEMBER 1: SEPARATING HIMSELF FROM SAUDIS that if that were the case [...] We’re going to get to the “They [Saudis] didn’t betray me, maybe they betrayed bottom of it and there will be severe punishment.” themselves. You have to see how it all turns out.” Hillary Clinton: “We have a president who is part of the cover-up as to what happened in that consulate.” Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s NOVEMBER 18: GETS CORNERED AFTER CIA POINTS Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s TO MBS US Central Intelligence Organization (CIA) “I don’t want to hear the tape, no reason for me to hear secret assessment reveals that MBS sent 11 electronic the tape. Because it’s a suffering tape, it’s a terrible tape. messages to its advisor supervising the hit squad while [...] But at the same time, we do have an ally, and I want to Khashoggi was being murdered and he “might have stick with an ally that in many ways has been very good.” given the killing order” in the messages. CIA reportedly has “medium-to-high confidence” regarding MBS’ NOVEMBER 20: DENIES THE FINDINGS involvement in the murder. “King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman vigorously deny any knowledge of the planning or exe- The Washington Post Editorial Board: “If cution of the murder of Mr. Khashoggi. Our intelligence Mohammed bin Salman is not sanctioned and restrained, agencies continue to assess all information, but it could he will continue to damage U.S. interests in the Middle very well be that the Crown Prince had knowledge of this East — which is why Congress must act.” tragic event – maybe he did and maybe he didn’t! That being said, we may never know all of the facts surround- Republican Senator Lindsey Graham says after ing the murder of Mr. Jamal Khashoggi.” being briefed by CIA Director Haspel: “The crown prince is a wrecking ball. I think he’s complicit in the murder NOVEMBER 22: MAINTAINS SHIELDING MBS of Mr. Khashoggi to the highest level possible. I think “I hate the crime, I hate what’s done, I hate the cover-up. I his behavior before the Khashoggi murder was beyond will tell you this: the crown prince hates it more than I do.” disturbing. And I cannot see him being a reliable partner to the United States.” EUROPEAN JOINT STATEMENT BY UK, GERMANY SPANISH PRIME MINISTER EU FOREIGN POLICY CHIEF EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND FRANCE: PEDRO SANCHEZ FEDERICA MOGHERINI: “calls for an independent and im- “There remains an urgent need for clarifica- condemns the “horrific” murder of “Those responsible, really responsi- partial international investigation ATTITUDE tion of exactly what happened on 2 Octo- into the circumstances of the death Khashoggi, however, says his posi- ble for this terrible murder have to ber, beyond the hypotheses that have been tion is in line with “defending the be accountable.” of Jamal Khashoggi.” raised so far in the Saudi investigation [...] Spanish strategic sectors’ interest.” Nothing can justify this killing and we con- After Khashoggi went missing, the demn it in the strongest possible terms.” European leaders and institutions made statements one after another, calling on Saudi Arabia to shed light on the incident and inflict punishment on those involved. GERMAN CHANCELLOR ANGELA MERKEL:

60 “It must be cleared up. As long as it’s not FOREIGN MINISTERS 61 cleared up, there will be no arms exports OF G7 COUNTRIES: to Saudi Arabia. I assure you of that very EU COUNCIL PRESIDENT EU SPOKESPERSON decidedly.” DONALD TUSK: MAJA KOJIANCIC: “We reiterate our expec- tation for a thorough, credible, transparent, and “Even the slightest trace of hypoc- “We expect Saudi institutions to prompt investigation by risy would bring shame on us. It is provide all the information they Saudi Arabia, in full col- not my role to state who wants to have about the case and ensure laboration with the Turkish protect whose interests here. But I that those responsible are brought authorities, and a full and know one thing: the only European to justice. This needs to be done in rigorous accounting of the interest is to reveal all the details of full collaboration with the Turkish

Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s circumstances surrounding Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s BRITISH PRIME MINISTER this case, regardless of who is be- authorities.” THERESA MAY: hind it.” Mr. Khashoggi’s death.”

“What I said to the Crown Prince was the ARMS SALES TO RIYADH importance of full, credible, transparent in- vestigation that identifies those involved Germany and Norway fully and the importance of ensuring those in- halted arms sales to Saudi volved are held to account. That’s the mes- Arabia. Later, Denmark and sage we have consistently given.” Finland suspended arms sales as well.

TRAVEL BANS BY EUROPE

EU PARLIAMENT PRESIDENT AUSTRIA FOREIGN MINISTER Germany and France im- FRENCH PRESIDENT ANTONIO TAJANI: KARIN KNEISSL posed a travel ban on 18 suspects linked to Khashog- EMMANUEL MACRON: “Rigorous, international investi- says that both her country and the gi murder whereas the U.K. gation urgently needed to exam- EU demand a”detailed, credible banned 21 people. “I am waiting for the truth and complete ine evidence, clarify circumstanc- and objective” investigation on clarity to be established. [...] What’s been es surrounding death of Jamal Khashoggi murder. mentioned is serious, very serious […] Khashoggi.” France wants everything to be done so that we have all the truth on this case of which the first elements are extremely worrying.” STANCE OF OTHER COUNTRIES MURDER DIRECTOR AND ORGANIZATIONS AL-QAHTANI IN SAME PHOTO WITH CROWN PRINCE

Bahrain’s King UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres: Japanese administration: “We urgently wait for Egyptian Director of “We need know exactly what happened, the facts to be revealed through the investigation Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa we need to know who is responsible.[...] It’s carried out by Turkey.” Saudi Arabia’s General Intelligence King absolutely essential to make sure that the Crown Prince Abbas Kamel Abdullah II international community says clearly that this Mohammed bin Salman is not something that can happen.” Qatar’s Foreign Minister Mohammed bin of Jordan Egypt’s President Abdulrahman Al Thani: “Whoever is responsible Abdel Fattah Al Sisi for Khashoggi needs to be held accountable, Abu Dhabi’s 62 UN High Commission for Human Rights UAE Vice President 63 whoever he is. [...]We believe that the international Crown Prince calls for lifting of Saudi diplomatic immunity and Emir of Dubai until those responsible are revealed. community waits for open steps and an answer.” Mohammed bin Mohammed bin Rashid Zayed Al Nahyan Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau: Iranian President Hassan Rouhani: “I don’t Al Maktoum SAUD AL-QAHTANI “We need better answers on the murder of think that any country would dare do such a Jamal Khashoggi. [...] I talked directly to the thing without US backing. Apparently, the tribe Al-Qahtani prince in Buenos Aires telling him that we ruling over that [Saudi Arabia] country has got superpower protection.” shared this need better answers on what happened to picture on Khashoggi and who is responsible for it.” Twitter, Pakistan Foreign Ministry: “We welcome the following the Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s Russian President Vladimir Putin: “Why steps taken by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and 29th Arab Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s should we undertake any steps to deteriorate Turkey to address this issue. Disclosing facts to the League Summit our relations with Saudi Arabia?”, he asked, public and bringing those responsible to justice is held in Saudi adding that Moscow was imposed sanctions, important in this regard.” Arabia’s Dhahran however, that wasn’t the case for Saudi Arabia province in April despite killing allegations. Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu: 2018. “What happened at the Istanbul consulate was Chinese administration: “Khashoggi case horrendous. [...] But at the same time, it is very tests Washington’s attitude to human rights.” important for the stability of the region and the world that Saudi Arabia remains stable.”

Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Palestine, Yemen, Djibouti, Jordan, Oman, Mauritania and Kuwait, as well as the Arab League, expressed “appreciation” after Saudi Chief Prosecutor’s Office shared partial results of the investigation.

Bahrain Royal Guard Commander Canada, for its part, decided to impose sanctions on 17 suspects linked to the murder. Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa JAMAL I was recently online looking at the 2018 “Freedom in and pressured advertisers to harm the revenue of the World” report published by Freedom House and specific publications. came to a grave realization. There is only one country in the Arab world that has been classified as “free.” There are a few oases that continue to embody the That nation is Tunisia. Jordan, Morocco and Kuwait spirit of the Arab Spring. Qatar’s government contin- come second, with a classification of “partly free.” ues to support international news coverage, in con- KHASHOGGI: WHAT The rest of the countries in the Arab world are classi- trast to its neighbors’ efforts to uphold the control fied as “not free.” of information to support the “old Arab order.” Even in Tunisia and Kuwait, where the press is considered As a result, Arabs living in these countries are either at least “partly free,” the media focuses on domestic uninformed or misinformed. They are unable to ade- issues but not issues faced by the greater Arab world. quately address, much less publicly discuss, matters They are hesitant to provide a platform for journalists THE ARAB WORLD that affect the region and their day-to-day lives. A from Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Yemen. Even Lebanon, state-run narrative dominates the public psyche, and the Arab world’s crown jewel when it comes to press while many do not believe it, a large majority of the freedom, has fallen victim to the polarization and in- population falls victim to this false narrative. Sadly, fluence of pro-Iran Hezbollah. this situation is unlikely to change. The Arab world is facing its own version of an Iron The Arab world was ripe with hope during the spring 64 Curtain, imposed not by external actors but through 65 NEEDS MOST IS of 2011. Journalists, academics and the general pop- domestic forces vying for power. During the Cold ulation were brimming with expectations of a bright War, Radio Free Europe, which grew over the years and free Arab society within their respective coun- into a critical institution, played an important role in tries. They expected to be emancipated from the fostering and sustaining the hope of freedom. Arabs hegemony of their governments and the consistent need something similar. In 1967, the New York Times interventions and censorship of information. These and The Post took joint ownership of the Internation- expectations were quickly shattered; these societies al Herald Tribune newspaper, which went on to be- FREE EXPRESSION either fell back to the old status quo or faced even come a platform for voices from around the world. harsher conditions than before. My publication, The Post, has taken the initiative to My dear friend, the prominent Saudi writer Saleh Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s Murder Jamal Khashoggi’s al-Shehi, wrote one of the most famous columns ever translate many of my pieces and publish them in Ara- published in the Saudi press. He unfortunately is now bic. For that, I am grateful. Arabs need to read in their (October 17, 2018, serving an unwarranted five-year prison sentence for own language so they can understand and discuss supposed comments contrary to the Saudi establish- the various aspects and complications of democra- Khashoggi’s last article) ment. The Egyptian government’s seizure of the en- cy in the United States and the West. If an Egyptian tire print run of a newspaper, al-Masry al Youm, did reads an article exposing the actual cost of a con- not enrage or provoke a reaction from colleagues. struction project in Washington, then he or she would These actions no longer carry the consequence of a be able to better understand the implications of sim- backlash from the international community. Instead, ilar projects in his or her community. these actions may trigger condemnation quickly fol- lowed by silence. The Arab world needs a modern version of the old transnational media so citizens can be informed As a result, Arab governments have been given free about global events. More important, we need to pro- rein to continue silencing the media at an increasing vide a platform for Arab voices. We suffer from pov- rate. There was a time when journalists believed the erty, mismanagement and poor education. Through Internet would liberate information from the censor- the creation of an independent international forum, ship and control associated with print media. But isolated from the influence of nationalist govern- these governments, whose very existence relies on ments spreading hate through propaganda, ordinary the control of information, have aggressively blocked people in the Arab world would be able to address the Internet. They have also arrested local reporters the structural problems their societies face. DIRECTORATE GENERAL

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