Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration
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Bull. Min. Res. Exp. (2018) 156: 1-16 BULLETIN OF THE MINERAL RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION Foreign Edition 2018 156 ISSN: 0026-4563 CONTENTS Holocene activity of the Orhaneli Fault based on palaoseismological data, Bursa, NW Anatolia .......................Volkan ÖZAKSOY, Hasan ELMACI, Selim ÖZALP, Meryem KARA and Tamer Y. DUMAN / Research Article 1 Bulletin of the Mineral The neotectonics of NE Gaziantep: The Bozova and Halfeti strike-slip faults and their relationships with blind thrusts, Turkey ......................................................................................................... Nuray ùAHBAZ and Gürol SEYøTOöLU / Research Article 17 Neotectonic and morphotectonic characteristics of the Elmali basin and near vicinities .............................................................................................................ùule GÜRBOöA and Özgür AKTÜRK / Research Article 43 Syn-sedimentary deformation structures in the Early Miocene lacustrine deposits, the basal limestone unit, Bigadiç basin (BalÕkesir, Turkey) ..................................................... Calibe KOÇ-TAùGIN, øbrahim TÜRKMEN and Cansu DøNøZ-AKARCA / Research Article 69 The effect of submarine thermal springs of Do÷anbey Cape (Seferihisar - øzmir) on foraminifer, ostracod and mollusc assemblages .................................. Engin MERøÇ, øpek F. BARUT, Atike NAZøK, Niyazi AVùAR, M. Baki YOKEù, Mustafa ERYILMAZ, ........................................ Fulya YÜCESOY-ERYILMAZ, Erol KAM, Bora SONUVAR and Feyza DøNÇER / Research Article 89 Palynology of the KÕlçak formation (Early Miocene) from Central Anatolia: Implications for palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironments .................................................................................................... Nurdan YAVUZ and ùükrü Sinan DEMøRER / Research Article 119 Mineralogical ¿ ndings from manganese deposits in the Artova Ophiolite Complex, Derbent-Eymir area, Yozgat, Turkey ....................................................................................................................................................Nursel ÖKSÜZ / Research Article 139 Petrographic and palynological investigations of Sinanpaúa (Afyon) Miocene coals Research and Exploration .......................................................................................................................................................Elif AKISKA / Research Article 153 Separation of geochemical anomalies using inverse distant weighting (IDW) and concentration-area (C-A) fractal modeling based on stream sediments data in Janja Region, SE Iran ............................................................................................Marzieh HOSSEøNøNASAB and Ali Akbar DAYA / Research Article 169 Use of Moran’s I and robust statistics to separate geochemical anomalies in Juirui area (Southeast China) ........................................................................................................................................ Tien Thanh NGUYEN / Research Article 181 Assessment of souil liquefaction using the energy approach ...........Kamil KAYABALI, PÕnar YILMAZ, Mustafa FENER, Özgür AKTÜRK and Farhad HABIBZADEH / Research Article 195 Determination of predominant site period of loose terestrial units (Caliche) by microtremor measurements ...................................................................................................................................................KÕvanç ZORLU / Research Article 207 The Hydrogeological investigation of Plajköy spring (ElazÕ÷) ........................................................... Özlem ÖZTEKøN OKAN, Atahan GÜVEN and Bahattin ÇETøNDAö / Research Article 223 Characterization and dewatering of borax clayey tailings by mono- and dual-À occulants systems .......................................................................................................................................... Nuray KARAPINAR / Research Article 239 The Naúa intrusion (Western Anatolia) and its tectonic implication: A joint analyses of gravity and earthquake catalog data ........................................................................C. Ertan TOKER, Emin U. ULUGERGERLø and Ali R. KILIÇ / Research Article 249 http://bulletin.mta.gov.tr Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Notes to the Authors ........................................................................................ 261 Holocene activity of the Orhaneli Fault based on palaoseismological data, Bursa, NW Anatolia Volkan ÖZAKSOYa*, Hasan ELMACIb, Selim ÖZALPc, Meryem KARAd and Tamer Y. DUMANe aAkdeniz University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geological Engineering 07058 Konyaaaltı Antalya Turkey. orcid.org/0000-0002-8126-8134. bGeneral Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Directorate of Geological Studies, 06800 Çankaya/Ankara. orcid.org/0000-0002-5076-1153. cGeneral Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Directorate of Geological Studies, 06800 Çankaya/Ankara. orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-4206. dGeneral Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Directorate 01360 Çukurova/Adana. orcid.org/0000-0002-9143-815X. eFugro Sial Earth Sciences Consultancy and Engineering Ltd. 06690 Çankaya/Ankara. orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-2217. Research Article Keywords: ABSTRACT Orhaneli fault, Orhaneli Fault is 30 km long, right-lateral strike-slip fault with dominant reverse component located palaeoseismology, in the Biga Peninsula. This fault controls the southern margin of the Quaternary Orhaneli Basin. Holocene, Biga Peninsula, Additionally, it cuts the metamorphic rocks of the Tavşanlı Zone, Cretaceous ophiolitic units and NW Anatolia. Neogene/Quaternary sediments, and can be easily recognized on aerial photographs and in the fi eld due to linearity and fault scarps. Elongated ridges, offset valleys and fault saddles observed along the fault are important geomorphological features indicating fault activity. This study presents the results of the fi rst palaeoseismological study on the Orhaneli Fault. Two trenches were excavated along the fault. These trenches, named Serçeler and Kusumlar, exhibited that metamorphic rocks of the Tavşanlı Zone were thrust onto Quaternary sediments by the fault. The study encountered evidences of four large earthquakes accompanied by surface rupture in Quaternary. The results of Serçeler trench indicated the older earthquake occurred between 22,000±3,200 BC and 6,600±800 BC, and the most recent earthquake occurred before 770-415 BC. The Kusumlar trench data showed that the older earthquake occurred between 6,660 BC and 3,085 BC, and the most recent event in the period after 650 AD. Any interpretation could not be made about the recurrence period between palaeoearthquakes. In this study, Holocene activity on the Orhaneli Fault was proven. If this fault, Received Date: 28.05.2017 with 30 km total length comprising two segments, ruptured as a single piece, it has the potential to Accepted Date: 29.09.2017 produce an earthquake with Mw=6.9. 1. Introduction Middle Miocene (Barka and Hancock, 1984; Şengör et al., 1985) and Anatolia became one of the most Turkey is one of the world’s most seismically seismically active regions in the Eurasian continent. active country, located within the Alpine-Himalayan The tectonic escape of the Anatolian platelet linked to Orogenic Belt. The Anatolian platelet is moving the closure between the Arabian and Eurasian plates westward along the North Anatolian and East Anatolian caused the formation of four neotectonic provinces Faults and rotating in anticlockwise direction due to (Figure 1A) (Şengör et al., 1985). These are (1) the the northward movement of the Arabian plate (Figure Eastern Anatolian contractional province, (2) the 1A; McKenzie, 1972; Dewey and Şengör, 1979; Northern Anatolian strike-slip province, (3) the Şengör et al., 1985). After this orogenesis, neotectonic Central Anatolian “Ova” province and (4) the Western period began nearly 12 million years ago in the Anatolian extensional province (Şengör et al., 1985). * Corresponding author: Volkan ÖZAKSOY, [email protected]. http://dx.doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.413248 1 Bull. Min. Res. Exp. (2018) 156: 1-16 The Southern Marmara region, containing the sedimentology, geomorphology and radiocarbon/OSL Biga Peninsula, represents a transition zone between dating methods were applied. It is expected that this the North Anatolian Fault System and the West study and other previous studies will help to understand Anatolian extensional province (Barka, 1992; Barka the seismicity of the region (Kop et al., 2016; Kürçer and Kadinsky-Cade, 1988; Dewey and Şengör, et al., 2017; Özalp et al., 2013, 2016; Sözbilir et al., Ş ğ 1979; Emre et al., 2012; Emre et al., 2013; aro lu 2016a, b) and the seismic hazard assessment. et al., 1992; Şengör et al., 2005) (Figure 1A, B). The tectonic structures within the South Marmara region 2. Regional Geology are generally represented by right-lateral strike-slip faults, forming a wide arc geometry expanding toward The study area is located nearly 60 km south of the south (Emre et al., 2011a, b, 2012, 2013) (Figure Bursa (Figure 1B). In the region between Bursa and 1B). The Orhaneli Fault forms the eastern wing of this Orhaneli, there is a large variety of geological units. arc structure together with the Mustafakemalpaşa and The most important reason for this variety is that Manyas Faults (Emre et al., 2011a, b) (Figure 1B). Orhaneli Fault is fi rst shown as an active, right-lateral