Disney Without Mickey Mouse? It Could Have Happened in 1928
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UPA : Redesigning Animation
This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. UPA : redesigning animation Bottini, Cinzia 2016 Bottini, C. (2016). UPA : redesigning animation. Doctoral thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/69065 https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/69065 Downloaded on 05 Oct 2021 20:18:45 SGT UPA: REDESIGNING ANIMATION CINZIA BOTTINI SCHOOL OF ART, DESIGN AND MEDIA 2016 UPA: REDESIGNING ANIMATION CINZIA BOTTINI School of Art, Design and Media A thesis submitted to the Nanyang Technological University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 “Art does not reproduce the visible; rather, it makes visible.” Paul Klee, “Creative Credo” Acknowledgments When I started my doctoral studies, I could never have imagined what a formative learning experience it would be, both professionally and personally. I owe many people a debt of gratitude for all their help throughout this long journey. I deeply thank my supervisor, Professor Heitor Capuzzo; my cosupervisor, Giannalberto Bendazzi; and Professor Vibeke Sorensen, chair of the School of Art, Design and Media at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore for showing sincere compassion and offering unwavering moral support during a personally difficult stage of this Ph.D. I am also grateful for all their suggestions, critiques and observations that guided me in this research project, as well as their dedication and patience. My gratitude goes to Tee Bosustow, who graciously -
The University of Chicago Looking at Cartoons
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LOOKING AT CARTOONS: THE ART, LABOR, AND TECHNOLOGY OF AMERICAN CEL ANIMATION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF CINEMA AND MEDIA STUDIES BY HANNAH MAITLAND FRANK CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2016 FOR MY FAMILY IN MEMORY OF MY FATHER Apparently he had examined them patiently picture by picture and imagined that they would be screened in the same way, failing at that time to grasp the principle of the cinematograph. —Flann O’Brien CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES...............................................................................................................................v ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................................vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................................................................................................viii INTRODUCTION LOOKING AT LABOR......................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1 ANIMATION AND MONTAGE; or, Photographic Records of Documents...................................................22 CHAPTER 2 A VIEW OF THE WORLD Toward a Photographic Theory of Cel Animation ...................................72 CHAPTER 3 PARS PRO TOTO Character Animation and the Work of the Anonymous Artist................121 CHAPTER 4 THE MULTIPLICATION OF TRACES Xerographic Reproduction and One Hundred and One Dalmatians.......174 -
The Uses of Animation 1
The Uses of Animation 1 1 The Uses of Animation ANIMATION Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of static images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion—as in motion pictures in general—is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon. Animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a flip book, motion picture film, video tape,digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation and digital video. To display animation, a digital camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced. Animation creation methods include the traditional animation creation method and those involving stop motion animation of two and three-dimensional objects, paper cutouts, puppets and clay figures. Images are displayed in a rapid succession, usually 24, 25, 30, or 60 frames per second. THE MOST COMMON USES OF ANIMATION Cartoons The most common use of animation, and perhaps the origin of it, is cartoons. Cartoons appear all the time on television and the cinema and can be used for entertainment, advertising, 2 Aspects of Animation: Steps to Learn Animated Cartoons presentations and many more applications that are only limited by the imagination of the designer. The most important factor about making cartoons on a computer is reusability and flexibility. The system that will actually do the animation needs to be such that all the actions that are going to be performed can be repeated easily, without much fuss from the side of the animator. -
French Animation History Ebook
FRENCH ANIMATION HISTORY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Richard Neupert | 224 pages | 03 Mar 2014 | John Wiley & Sons Inc | 9781118798768 | English | New York, United States French Animation History PDF Book Messmer directed and animated more than Felix cartoons in the years through This article needs additional citations for verification. The Betty Boop cartoons were stripped of sexual innuendo and her skimpy dresses, and she became more family-friendly. A French-language version was released in Mittens the railway cat blissfully wanders around a model train set. Mat marked it as to-read Sep 05, Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. In , Max Fleischer invented the rotoscope patented in to streamline the frame-by-frame copying process - it was a device used to overlay drawings on live-action film. First Animated Feature: The little-known but pioneering, oldest-surviving feature-length animated film that can be verified with puppet, paper cut-out silhouette animation techniques and color tinting was released by German film-maker and avante-garde artist Lotte Reiniger, The Adventures of Prince Achmed aka Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed , Germ. Books 10 Acclaimed French-Canadian Writers. Rating details. Dave and Max Fleischer, in an agreement with Paramount and DC Comics, also produced a series of seventeen expensive Superman cartoons in the early s. Box Office Mojo. The songs in the series ranged from contemporary tunes to old-time favorites. He goes with his fox terrier Milou to the waterfront to look for a story, and finds an old merchant ship named the Karaboudjan. The Fleischers launched a new series from to called Talkartoons that featured their smart-talking, singing dog-like character named Bimbo. -
List of American Comics Creators 1 List of American Comics Creators
List of American comics creators 1 List of American comics creators This is a list of American comics creators. Although comics have different formats, this list covers creators of comic books, graphic novels and comic strips, along with early innovators. The list presents authors with the United States as their country of origin, although they may have published or now be resident in other countries. For other countries, see List of comic creators. Comic strip creators • Adams, Scott, creator of Dilbert • Ahern, Gene, creator of Our Boarding House, Room and Board, The Squirrel Cage and The Nut Bros. • Andres, Charles, creator of CPU Wars • Berndt, Walter, creator of Smitty • Bishop, Wally, creator of Muggs and Skeeter • Byrnes, Gene, creator of Reg'lar Fellers • Caniff, Milton, creator of Terry and the Pirates and Steve Canyon • Capp, Al, creator of Li'l Abner • Crane, Roy, creator of Captain Easy and Wash Tubbs • Crespo, Jaime, creator of Life on the Edge of Hell • Davis, Jim, creator of Garfield • Defries, Graham Francis, co-creator of Queens Counsel • Fagan, Kevin, creator of Drabble • Falk, Lee, creator of The Phantom and Mandrake the Magician • Fincher, Charles, creator of The Illustrated Daily Scribble and Thadeus & Weez • Griffith, Bill, creator of Zippy • Groening, Matt, creator of Life in Hell • Guindon, Dick, creator of The Carp Chronicles and Guindon • Guisewite, Cathy, creator of Cathy • Hagy, Jessica, creator of Indexed • Hamlin, V. T., creator of Alley Oop • Herriman, George, creator of Krazy Kat • Hess, Sol, creator with -
The Gender Fluidity of Krazy Kat, Gabrielle
The Gender Fluidity of Krazy Kat By Gabrielle Bellot January 19, 2017 “Krazy Kat,” George Herriman’s exuberant and idiosyncratic newspaper comic, was never broadly popular. From the beginning, though, it found fans among writers and artists. P. G. Wodehouse compared it favorably to Wagner’s “Parsifal”; Jack Kerouac later said it influenced the Beats. The strip ran from 1913 until 1944, the year that Herriman died. It is set in a dreamlike place called Coconino County, where a black cat named Krazy loves a white mouse named Ignatz, who throws bricks at Krazy’s head. Krazy interprets the bricks as “love letters.” Meanwhile, a police-officer dog, Offisa Pup, tries to protect Krazy, with whom he is smitten. The structure of the strip was built on reversals: a cat loves a mouse, a dog protects a feline, and, at a time when anti-miscegenation laws held sway in most of the United States, a black animal yearns for a white one. That last detail took on additional resonance, in 1971, when Arthur Asa Berger published a story about Herriman’s birth certificate. The certificate described Herriman’s race as “colored,” Berger revealed, to the astonishment of many readers (Ralph Ellison among them). Herriman was born in New Orleans, in 1880, to a mixed-race family; his great-grandfather, Stephen Herriman, was a white New Yorker who had children with a “free woman of color,” Justine Olivier, in what was then a common social arrangement in New Orleans called plaçage. George Herriman was one of the class of Louisianans known as blanc fo’cé_:_ Creoles who actively tried to pass as white. -
THE ANIMATED TRAMP Charlie Chaplin's Influence on American
THE ANIMATED TRAMP Charlie Chaplin’s Influence on American Animation By Nancy Beiman SLIDE 1: Joe Grant trading card of Chaplin and Mickey Mouse Charles Chaplin became an international star concurrently with the birth and development of the animated cartoon. His influence on the animation medium was immense and continues to this day. I will discuss how American character animators, past and present, have been inspired by Chaplin’s work. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND (SLIDE 2) Jeffrey Vance described Chaplin as “the pioneer subject of today’s modern multimedia marketing and merchandising tactics”, 1 “(SLIDE 3). Charlie Chaplin” comic strips began in 1915 and it was a short step from comic strips to animation. (SLIDE 4) One of two animated Chaplin series was produced by Otto Messmer and Pat Sullivan Studios in 1918-19. 2 Immediately after completing the Chaplin cartoons, (SLIDE 5) Otto Messmer created Felix the Cat who was, by 1925, the most popular animated character in America. Messmer, by his own admission, based Felix’s timing and distinctive pantomime acting on Chaplin’s. 3 But no other animators of the time followed Messmer’s lead. (SLIDE 6) Animator Shamus Culhane wrote that “Right through the transition from silent films to sound cartoons none of the producers of animation paid the slightest attention to… improvements in the quality of live action comedy. Trapped by the belief that animated cartoons should be a kind of moving comic strip, all the producers, (including Walt Disney) continued to turn out films that consisted of a loose story line that supported a group of slapstick gags which were often only vaguely related to the plot….The most astonishing thing is that Walt Disney took so long to decide to break the narrow confines of slapstick, because for several decades Chaplin, Lloyd and Keaton had demonstrated the superiority of good pantomime.” 4 1 Jeffrey Vance, CHAPLIN: GENIUS OF THE CINEMA, p. -
Steamboat Willie
Steamboat Willie By Dave Smith, Chief Archivist Emeritus, The Walt Disney Company Walt Disney, who would become the best-known producer in animation history, had very humble beginnings. Starting his fledgling company in Hollywood in 1923, he began by making two uninspired animated series, the “Alice Come- dies,” and “Oswald the Lucky Rabbit.” But it was with his third series, featuring an enduring character, Mickey Mouse, that Walt rose to fame. That series began with the release of "Steamboat Willie" at the Colony Theater in New York on November 18, 1928. Early in 1928, Walt Disney was disheartened. He had gone to New York to negotiate with his distributor, only to discover that the distributor had taken over the rights to his Oswald cartoons. Walt began thinking of a possible successor to Oswald while riding on the train on his way back to California. There have been many stories of the inception of Mickey Mouse, but on that train ride, Walt may have been recalling a playful little mouse that had made itself at home in Walt’s Kansas City Studio, where he had first started to experiment with animation. On re- turning to California, Walt met with several of his staff members, and they came up with Mickey Mouse. Ub Iwerks, Walt’s chief animator, was tasked with actually designing the character, with input from Walt. Two Mickey Mouse cartoons were made starting that This illustration, titled “Mickey Mouse inbetweener drawing no. 469 spring, “Plane Crazy” and “The Gallopin’ Gaucho.” Walt or 479 from Steamboat Willie” appears courtesy Library of Congress tried desperately to sell a distributor on a series based on Prints & Photographs Online Catalog. -
The Walt Disney Silly Symphony Cartoons and American Animation in the 1930S
Exploration in Imagination: The Walt Disney Silly Symphony Cartoons and American Animation in the 1930s By Kendall Wagner In the 1930s, Americans experienced major changes in their lifestyles when the Great Depression took hold. A feeling of malaise gripped the country, as unemployment rose, and money became scarce. However, despite the economic situation, movie attendance remained strong during the decade.1 Americans attended films to escape from their everyday lives. While many notable live-action feature-length films like The Public Enemy (1931) and It Happened One Night (1934) delighted Depression-era audiences, animated cartoon shorts also grew in popularity. The most important contributor to the evolution of animated cartoons in this era was Walt Disney, who innovated and perfected ideas that drastically changed cartoon production.2 Disney expanded on the simple gag-based cartoon by implementing film technologies like synchronized sound and music, full-spectrum color, and the multiplane camera. With his contributions, cartoons sharply advanced in maturity and professionalism. The ultimate proof came with the release of 1937’s Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the culmination of the technical and talent development that had taken place at the studio. The massive success of Snow White showed that animation could not only hold feature-length attention but tell a captivating story backed by impressive imagery that could rival any live-action film. However, it would take nearly a decade of experimentation at the Disney Studios before a project of this size and scope could be feasibly produced. While Mickey Mouse is often solely associated with 1930s-era Disney animation, many are unaware that alongside Mickey, ran another popular series of shorts, the Silly Symphony cartoons. -
Free Catalog
Featured New Items DC COLLECTING THE MULTIVERSE On our Cover The Art of Sideshow By Andrew Farago. Recommended. MASTERPIECES OF FANTASY ART Delve into DC Comics figures and Our Highest Recom- sculptures with this deluxe book, mendation. By Dian which features insights from legendary Hanson. Art by Frazetta, artists and eye-popping photography. Boris, Whelan, Jones, Sideshow is world famous for bringing Hildebrandt, Giger, DC Comics characters to life through Whelan, Matthews et remarkably realistic figures and highly al. This monster-sized expressive sculptures. From Batman and Wonder Woman to The tome features original Joker and Harley Quinn...key artists tell the story behind each paintings, contextualized extraordinary piece, revealing the design decisions and expert by preparatory sketches, sculpting required to make the DC multiverse--from comics, film, sculptures, calen- television, video games, and beyond--into a reality. dars, magazines, and Insight Editions, 2020. paperback books for an DCCOLMSH. HC, 10x12, 296pg, FC $75.00 $65.00 immersive dive into this SIDESHOW FINE ART PRINTS Vol 1 dynamic, fanciful genre. Highly Recommened. By Matthew K. Insightful bios go beyond Manning. Afterword by Tom Gilliland. Wikipedia to give a more Working with top artists such as Alex Ross, accurate and eye-opening Olivia, Paolo Rivera, Adi Granov, Stanley look into the life of each “Artgerm” Lau, and four others, Sideshow artist. Complete with fold- has developed a series of beautifully crafted outs and tipped-in chapter prints based on films, comics, TV, and ani- openers, this collection will mation. These officially licensed illustrations reign as the most exquisite are inspired by countless fan-favorite prop- and informative guide to erties, including everything from Marvel and this popular subject for DC heroes and heroines and Star Wars, to iconic classics like years to come. -
David Hare, Surrealism, and the Comics Mona Hadler Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center, CUNY
93 David Hare, Surrealism, and the Comics Mona Hadler Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, CUNY The history of the comic book in the United States has been closely allied with mass culture debates ranging from Clement Greenberg’s 1939 essay “Avant-Garde and Kitsch” to Fredric Wertham’s attack on the comic book industry in his now infamous 1954 book, Seduction of the Innocent. An alternative history can be constructed, however, by linking the comics to the expatriate Surrealist community in New York in the thirties and early forties with its focus on fantasy, dark humor, the poetics and ethics of evil, transgressive and carnivalesque body images, and restless desire. Surrealist artists are well known for their fascination with black humor, pulp fi ction, and crime novels—in particular the popular series Fantômas. Indeed, the image of the scoundrel in elegant attire holding a bloody dagger, featured in the writings of the Surrealist Robert Desnos (Color Plate 10), epitomized this darkling humor (Desnos 377-79).1 Pictures of Fantômas and articles on the pulp market peppered the pages of Surrealist magazines in Europe and America, from Documents in France (1929-1930) to VVV and View in New York in the early forties. By moving the discussion of the comics away from a Greenbergian or Frankfurt school discourse on mass culture to the debates surrounding Surrealism, other issues come to the fore. The comics become a site for the exploration of mystery, the imagination, criminality, and freedom. The comic book industry originated in the United States in the late thirties and early forties on the heels of a booming pulp fi ction market. -
Trivia Trivia Trivia
TRIVIA TRIVIA TRIVIA In what cartoon did What was the date of In the animated short Mickey make his Mickey’s lm debut? Plane Crazy, Mickey screen debut? Mouse pretends to be what famous aviator? Steamboat Willie November 18, 1928 Charles Lindbergh TRIVIA TRIVIA TRIVIA Who provided the What Disney artist is What was the rst original voice of credited with animating merchandise item to Mickey Mouse? the rst Mickey Mouse feature Mickey Mouse? cartoons? A child’s school writing tablet Walt Disney Ub Iwerks (licensed in 1929) TRIVIA TRIVIA TRIVIA Which four Disney Name the rst full-length theatrical What year did the rst theatrically-released feature presentations Mickey Mouse comic color cartoon to were the only ones to strip appear? feature Mickey Mouse. include an animated Mickey Mouse? Fantasia (1940), 1930 (January 13th) The Band Concert Fun and Fancy Free (1947), (February 23, 1935) Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) and Fantasia/2000 (2000) TRIVIA TRIVIA TRIVIA On the original What is Mickey’s most What was the rst Mickey Mouse Club recent theatrical short? Mickey Mouse cartoon television show, what and what feature lm in which Mickey Speaks? day of the week was was it released with? Talent Roundup Day? Get a Horse! - with Frozen The Karnival Kid (1929) Friday (November 27, 2013) TRIVIA TRIVIA TRIVIA What voice actor took Name the theme song In Italy, Mickey Mouse over the voice of from the original 1930’s is known as: Mickey Mouse in 2009? Mickey Mouse Clubs. Topolino Bret Iwan “Minnie’s Yoo Hoo” TRIVIA TRIVIA TRIVIA What Disney Junior What 2017 digital series What nighttime show show starring Mickey follows a new class of premiered on the Mouse featured a 8 Mouseketeers as they Rivers of America at “Mystery Mouseketool?” create music, Disneyland in 1992? choreography, and friendships? The Mickey Mouse Club Mickey Mouse Fantasmic! Clubhouse.