Fiscal Facts A Legislator’s Handbook of Facts, Figures, and Trends

A Publication of the Legislative Services Office

i Introduction

Idaho Fiscal Facts is a pocket reference guide designed to provide legislators with convenient access to facts, figures, and trends in Idaho’s state budget, as well as selected information on state government programs, taxes, demographics, and state rankings. Though not a comprehensive fiscal report, Idaho Fiscal Facts will answer many frequently asked questions in a format that is more accessible than would be found in a comprehensive fiscal publication. This booklet has been published annually since 1995. We hope the reader will find this document handy and helpful.

ii Paul Headlee, Division Manager ...... 208-334-4746 Legislative Branch Keith Bybee, Deputy Division Manager...... 208-334-4739 Div of Financial Mgmt, Governor’s Ofc, Dept of Commerce, Dept of Labor, Dept of Rev. & Tax., Dept of Finance, Dept of Insurance Robyn Lockett, Principal Analyst...... 208-334-4745 Public School Support/Financing, Educational Svcs for the Deaf & Blind, Supt. of Public Instruction, Div Human Res. Jared Tatro, Principal Analyst ...... 208-334-4740 Dept of Health & Welfare, Catastrophic Health Care Program, Public Health Dist., Div of Veterans Svcs, Ofc of Drug Policy, Millennium Fund Jared Hoskins, Principal Analyst ...... 208-334-4743 Bd of Correction, Dept of Correction, Comm Pardons & Parole, Dept of Juvenile Corrections, Judicial Branch, Attorney General, Public Defense Comm, State Appellate Public Defender, Justice Reinvestment Rob Sepich, Senior Analyst ...... 208-334-4742 Dept of Env Quality, Dept of Fish & Game, Dept of Lands, Endowment Fund Investment Bd, Dept of Parks & Recreation, Lava Hot Springs, Dept of Agriculture, Dept of Water Resources, Soil & Water Conservation Comm, Ofc Species Conservation, Wolf Depredation Control Bd Janet Jessup, Senior Analyst ...... 208-334-4730 College and Universities, Agricultural Research & Extension, Health Ed. Programs, Special Programs, Community Colleges, Career- Technical Education, State Bd of Education, STEM Action Center Christine Otto, Analyst ...... 208-334-4732 Idaho Transportation Dept, Idaho State Police, Regulatory Boards, Div of Building Safety, Military Division Jill Randolph, Analyst ...... 208-334-4749 Dept of Administration, Permanent Building Fund, Capitol Comm, Historical Society, Comm for Libraries, Idaho Public Television, Comm on Hispanic Affairs, Comm for the Blind & Visually Impaired, Vocational Rehabilitation, Comm on Aging, State Ind Living Council, Arts Comm Maggie Smith, Analyst ...... 208-334-4741 Lt Governor, State Treasurer, Secretary of State, State Controller, State Liquor Division, Ofc Energy & Mineral Resources, PERSI, Industrial Comm, Public Utilities Comm, Medical Boards, State Lottery, Bd of Examiners J. Shane Winslow, Data Sys Coor ...... 208-334-4738 iii Table of Contents Idaho’s Economy ...... 1-7 Revenue and Appropriations ...... 8-34 Budget Process ...... 8-9 General Fund ...... 10-15 State and Local Tax ...... 16-18 Taxes and Distributions ...... 19-29 Reserve and Endowment Funds ...... 30-33 Change in Employee Compensation ...... 34 Education ...... 36-48 K-12 ...... 38-40 Higher Education ...... 41-48 Health and Human Services ...... 50-56 Primary Care ...... 52 Public Assistance ...... 53 Mental Health Spending by DHW ...... 54 CAT Fund ...... 55 Insurance Exchange ...... 56 Law and Justice ...... 58-61 Imprisonments and Crime Rate ...... 60 IDOC Populations ...... 61 Natural Resources ...... 62-76 Administrative Areas ...... 64 Land Ownership ...... 65-68 Licenses and Tags ...... 69-72 Parks and Recreation ...... 73-74 Water Facts ...... 75-76 Economic Development ...... 77-84 ITD ...... 78-83 Lottery Revenue ...... 84 General Government ...... 86-91 Permanent Building Fund ...... 88 Liquor ...... 89 PERSI ...... 90 Millennium Fund ...... 91 State Facts and Demographics ...... 92 -102

Revenues & Appropriations 1 2017 GDP (Current $ in Billions)

WY MT ID NV NM UT AZ CO

$0 $100 $200 $300 $400

Idaho's economic output grew 4.8% from 2016 to 2017 to $71.9 billion. The US economy grew 4.1% over that same period. Since 2011, Idaho's economy grew at an annual rate of 3.4%, which is the third fastest rate of growth for these states, behind Utah (4.2%) and Colorado (3.9%). Idaho’s economic output represents 0.4% of the total US output and 0.5% of the total US population. Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, Trade, and Manufacturing make up the largest private sector segments of Idaho’s economy.

2 Revenues & Appropriations

Idaho's Top Commodities 2017 (production values in $ thousands) Trout Hops Dry Beans Corn Barley Wheat, all Hay, all Potatoes Cattle/Calves Milk

$0 $1,000,000 $2,000,000 $3,000,000

2017 Milk Production - Top States (in million of pounds of milk) 0 20,000 40,000 60,000

CA WI NY ID TX PA MI MN NM WA

Revenues & Appropriations 3 2017 Top 10 Trading Partners as % of Total Idaho Exports

Hong Kong Malaysia United Kingdom South Korea Japan Mexico China Singapore Taiwan Canada 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0%

2017 Exports by Industry Wood, Paper, Other Pulp, Printing 6.6% 4.0% Transportation Equipment 4.4% Mining Products 5.0% Fertilizer, Semi - Pesticide, conductor & Industrial Chemicals Food and 53.2% 5.4% Agriculture 21.4%

4 Revenues & Appropriations Idaho Jobless Rate by County

As of June 2018, the seasonally adjusted statewide jobless rate was 2.9% for Idaho while the national rate was 4.0%.

Revenues & Appropriations 5 Long-Term Unemployed (in thousands of workers) 80 0-3 Months 3-6 Months 70 6-12 Months Over a Year 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Long-term unemployment numbers have returned to pre-recession levels. At the height of the Great Recession, workers unemployed for longer than 6 months made up 36% of total unemployed. As of July 2018, workers unemployed for longer than 6 months is 9.7% of total unemployed.

6 Revenues & Appropriations Employment Change by Sector

Construction

Semiconductor

Manufacturing

Educational & Health Services Trade, Transportation, & Utilities Leisure & Hospitality

Government

Information

Financial Activities

Professional & Business Services

Other Services

Recovery Recession

As of July 2018, the Idaho Construction sector has recovered almost three quarters of the jobs it lost during the Great Recession. Only Government, Other Services, and Educational & Health Services have grown continuously over this period.

Revenues & Appropriations 7 Population Growth from 2018-2023 IHS Market Forecast projections by age group 9.0%

8.0%

7.0%

6.0%

5.0%

4.0%

3.0%

2.0%

1.0%

0.0% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-24 25-54 55-64 65-84 85+

The population of Idaho is expected to grow 6.4% over the next five years to nearly 1.9 million.

The age group 25-54 is the largest population bracket with 35.6% of the population or nearly 665,300 projected in 2022, and expected growth is 2.3% during this five- year period.

The aging of the “baby boomers” and falling death rate explains the large growth for the 65-84 age group and 85+ age group.

8 Revenues & Appropriations State of Idaho Budget Process The Idaho budget and appropriations process has evolved over time into one of the most streamlined and efficient state budget systems in the nation based on an approach that shares key elements of authority and responsibility between the legislative and executive branches: · The rules and guidelines used by state agencies to develop their annual budget requests are developed cooperatively by the Governor’s Division of Financial Management and the

Legislature’s Budget and Policy Analysis staffs.

· Both the executive and legislative budget staffs provide input and assistance to state agencies over the summer months as they develop their new budget requests.

· Agency budget requests are statutorily required to be submitted simultaneously to the Governor’s Division of Financial Management staff and to the Legislature’s Budget and Policy Analysis staff by September 1.

· The Governor’s budget recommendation is featured prominently in the Legislative Budget Book, the primary reference document for the Joint Finance-Appropriations

Committee (JFAC).

· JFAC, which is composed of ten Senate Finance Committee members and ten House Appropriations Committee members, holds budget hearings for about five weeks during the first part of the legislative session, hearing from agency directors and germane committees in its review of the agency budget requests and the Governor’s budget recommendation.

· After the budget hearing process is complete, JFAC has the responsibility to set appropriated spending levels for all state agencies and institutions. Working closely with the Legislature’s Budget and Policy Analysis staff, JFAC normally produces approximately 100 appropriation bills in a three- week time frame, providing a balanced budget for the state of Idaho each year.

· Historically, about 99% of appropriation bills passed by JFAC become law without amendment or veto.

Revenues & Appropriations 9 Budget Development Manual Finalized and Distributed to Agencies July

State Agencies Develop Budget Requests July - August

Agencies Submit September 1 Budget Requests

Legislature Governor

Analysis & Analysis & Development of Sept Sept - Dec Development of Executive Budget - Dec Legislative Budget Recommendation Book

Presentation of Budget Hearing Executive Budget Jan & Feb Process for the Jan to Legislature Legislature (JFAC)

Veto: Feb & Mar Budget Setting Legislature Will Governor’s Process by JFAC (1) Create a Action New Budget in JFAC or (2) Feb & Mar Appropriation Bills Override Veto Signature to Floor or No Action House Senate Bill Passes Both Houses Becomes Law 10 Revenues & Appropriations FY 2019 Original Appropriations by Fund Source $8,324,514,300

General Fund $3,652.7 Dedicated 43.9% Funds $1,785.6 21.4%

Federal Funds $2,886.2 34.7%

Sources of Funds (millions) Total By Fund Source FY 2018 FY 2019 % Chg General Fund $3,450.6 $3,652.7 5.9% Dedicated Funds $1,729.9 $1,785.6 3.2% Federal Funds $2,726.7 $2,886.2 5.9% Total Sources $7,907.2 $8,324.5 5.3% Tot als may not add due t o rounding

Revenues & Appropriations 11 FY 2019 All Funds Appropriations by Functional Area $8,324,514,300 General Government, $430.4, 5%

Health & Human Services, $3,074.1, 37% Education, $3,007.4, 36%

Natural Resources, $311.7, 4% Law & Justice, Economic $485.6, 6% Development, $1,015.2, 12%

All Funds Original Appropriations (millions) Total By Functional Area FY 2018 FY 2019 % Chg

Education $2,873.5 $3,007.4 4.7% Economic Development $993.8 $1,015.2 2.1% Law & Justice $450.4 $485.6 7.8% Natural Resources $301.6 $311.7 3.4% Health & Human Services $2,889.6 $3,074.1 6.4% General Government $398.3 $430.4 8.1% Total Appropriations $7,907.2 $8,324.5 5.3% Tot als may not add due t o rounding

12 Revenues & Appropriations FY 2019 General Fund Revenues $3,724,760,800

Corporate Income Tax $207.7 5.6% Individual Income Tax $1,775.1 47.7%

Sales Tax $1,563.8 42.0%

All Other Sources $178.2 4.8%

General Fund Revenues (millions) Total By Revenue Source FY 2018 FY 2019 % Chg Individual Income Tax $1,828.3 $1,775.1 (2.9%) Corporate Income Tax $238.7 $207.7 (13.0%) Sales Tax $1,490.0 $1,563.8 5.0% All Other Sources $174.6 $178.2 2.0% Revenues* $3,731.6 $3,724.8 -0.2% * The FY 2019 revenue forecast was revised Aug 2018 and is $98.3M less t han originally forecast .

Revenues & Appropriations 13 FY 2019 General Fund Appropriations $3,652,724,800

Economic Development 1.1% General Government 3.3% Health & Human Serv ices 21.5%

Education Law & 62.8% Justice 9.9%

Natural Resources 1.4%

General Fund Original Appropriations (millions) Total By Functional Area FY 2018 FY 2019 % Chg Education $2,171.2 $2,295.3 5.7% Natural Resources $48.3 $50.2 3.8% Law & Justice $340.7 $362.3 6.3% General Government $117.7 $120.5 2.4% Health & Human Services $733.7 $784.9 7.0% Economic Development $39.0 $39.5 1.4% Appropriations $3,450.6 $3,652.7 5.9% Tot als may not add due t o rounding

14 Revenues & Appropriations General Fund Revenues ($ in millions) Source Actuals FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 Individual Income Tax $1,061.9 $1,152.7 $1,206.4 $1,284.4 $1,329.3 % Change (9.1%) 8.5% 4.7% 6.5% 3.5% Corporate Income Tax $97.0 $168.9 $187.0 $198.7 $188.3 % Change (31.2%) 74.1% 10.7% 6.3% (5.2%)

Sales Tax $955.9 $972.4 $1,027.3 $1,109.8 $1,145.7 % Change (6.5%) 1.7% 5.6% 8.0% 3.2%

Cigarette Tax $16.9 $14.4 $11.6 $13.1 $3.7 Tobacco Tax $7.8 $8.5 $8.9 $10.0 $9.9 Beer Tax $2.1 $2.0 $1.9 $1.9 $1.9 W ine Tax $3.0 $3.2 $3.5 $3.9 $4.1 Liquor Profits $11.4 $14.8 $17.2 $20.9 $24.2 Product Taxes $41.2 $42.8 $43.3 $49.9 $43.8 % Change 38.5% 4.0% 1.1% 15.2% (12.2%)

Kilowatt-Hour $2.1 $2.4 $3.0 $1.9 $1.8 Mine License $1.8 $1.5 $2.0 $0.5 $5.2 Insur Premium $53.6 $54.1 $56.6 $55.6 $59.4 Unclaimed Prop $8.2 $4.5 $8.9 $7.0 $5.7 Estate Tax ($0.2) $0.5 ($0.0) $0.8 $1.2 Other $42.9 $44.6 $53.2 $41.7 $35.0 Misc. Revenue $108.5 $107.7 $123.7 $107.5 $108.3 % Change 3.6% (0.7%) 14.9% (13.1%) 0.7% T otal General Fund $2,264.5 $2,444.5 $2,587.7 $2,750.3 $2,815.4 % Change (8.2%) 7.9% 5.9% 6.3% 2.4%

Sources: Legislative Fiscal Reports & DFM General Fund Revenue Book

Revenues & Appropriations 15 General Fund Revenues ($ in millions) Source Actuals Forecast* FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2019 Individual Income Tax $1,470.9 $1,513.2 $1,651.2 $1,828.3 $1,775.1 % Change 10.6% 2.9% 9.1% 10.7% -2.9% Corporate Income Tax $215.4 $186.9 $214.0 $238.7 $207.7 % Change 14.4% (13.2%) 14.5% 11.5% -13.0%

Sales Tax $1,218.8 $1,303.0 $1,382.4 $1,490.0 $1,563.8 % Change 6.4% 6.9% 6.1% 7.8% 5.0%

Cigarette Tax $3.3 $7.9 $10.0 $7.3 $10.4 Tobacco Tax $10.5 $11.6 $12.7 $13.3 $14.5 Beer Tax $1.9 $1.9 $1.9 $2.0 $2.0 W ine Tax $4.2 $4.5 $4.7 $4.8 $5.1 Liquor Profits $25.5 $25.9 $28.9 $31.0 $33.2 Product Taxes $45.5 $51.8 $58.1 $58.3 $65.2 % Change 10.6% 13.9% 12.2% 0.3% 11.8%

Kilowatt-Hour $1.9 $1.9 $2.1 $2.6 $2.2 Mine License $0.1 ($0.3) $0.1 $0.0 $0.1 Insur Premium $61.7 $72.1 $75.4 $70.5 $67.9 Unclaimed Prop $6.3 $9.9 $10.4 $8.5 $9.0 Estate Tax $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 Other $36.2 $45.3 $54.8 $34.7 $33.8 Misc. Revenue $106.3 $128.8 $142.7 $116.3 $113.0 % Change (1.9%) 21.2% 10.8% (18.5%) (2.9%) T otal General Fund $3,056.8 $3,183.7 $3,448.4 $3,731.6 $3,724.8 % Change 8.6% 4.2% 8.3% 8.2% -0.2%

* Revenue Forecast is August Revised Forecast

16 Revenues & Appropriations General Fund 15-year History

Fiscal Public Higher *H&W+ Adult/Juv All Other T otal Year Schools Education Medicaid Correction

Original Appropriations* 2019 $1,785.3 $295.8 $765.2 $282.5 $523.9 $3,652.7 2018 $1,685.3 $287.1 $706.1 $262.1 $510.0 $3,450.6 2017 $1,584.7 $279.6 $677.1 $256.2 $475.5 $3,273.0 2016 $1,475.8 $258.8 $649.5 $247.5 $440.3 $3,071.9 2015 $1,374.6 $251.2 $637.2 $243.2 $429.9 $2,936.1 2014 $1,308.4 $236.5 $616.8 $218.3 $401.0 $2,781.0 2013 $1,279.8 $228.0 $610.2 $205.5 $378.6 $2,702.1 2012 $1,223.6 $209.8 $564.8 $193.1 $337.6 $2,529.0 2011 $1,214.3 $217.5 $436.3 $180.7 $335.0 $2,383.8 2010 $1,231.4 $253.3 $462.3 $186.8 $372.8 $2,506.6 2009 $1,418.5 $285.2 $587.3 $215.9 $452.4 $2,959.3 2008 $1,367.4 $264.2 $544.8 $201.2 $443.1 $2,820.7 2007 $1,291.6 $243.7 $502.4 $178.0 $378.0 $2,593.7 2006 $987.1 $228.9 $457.7 $152.2 $355.0 $2,180.9 2005 $964.7 $223.4 $407.6 $142.8 $343.7 $2,082.1 Percentage of Total Budget 2019 48.9% 8.1% 20.9% 7.7% 14.3% 100.0% 2018 48.8% 8.3% 20.5% 7.6% 14.8% 100.0% 2017 48.4% 8.5% 20.7% 7.8% 14.5% 100.0% 2016 48.0% 8.4% 21.1% 8.1% 14.3% 100.0% 2015 46.8% 8.6% 21.7% 8.3% 14.6% 100.0% 2014 47.0% 8.5% 22.2% 7.8% 14.4% 100.0% 2013 47.4% 8.4% 22.6% 7.6% 14.0% 100.0% 2012 48.4% 8.3% 22.3% 7.6% 13.3% 100.0% 2011 50.9% 9.1% 18.3% 7.6% 14.1% 100.0% 2010 49.1% 10.1% 18.4% 7.5% 14.9% 100.0% 2009 47.9% 9.6% 19.8% 7.3% 15.3% 100.0% 2008 48.5% 9.4% 19.3% 7.1% 15.7% 100.0% 2007 49.8% 9.4% 19.4% 6.9% 14.6% 100.0% 2006 45.3% 10.5% 21.0% 7.0% 16.3% 100.0% 2005 46.3% 10.7% 19.6% 6.9% 16.5% 100.0%

*2010 moved D&B to Public Sch (.3%), Hist Soc & Libraries to Self-Gov (.2%); 2007 includes H1 of 2006 Special Session increased PS by $250,645,700.

Revenues & Appropriations 17 General Fund 10 -Year Trend Comparison

Original Appropriation as Cumulative Percentage Change over FY 2009

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

-10% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

-20% Public Schools Higher Educa tion Health & Welfare Adult/Juv Correction Medicaid All Other

The largest budget increases in state government over the past 10 years have been in the areas of Adult / Juvenile Corrections and Medicaid. Corrections grew 62.6% and Medicaid grew 51.7%. The table on the facing page shows that the percent of our General Fund going to Higher Education and other agencies has decreased while Adult / Juvenile Corrections and Medicaid have grown.

18 Revenues & Appropriations FY 2018 Major State & Local Tax Collections ($ millions) Other Taxes $336.2 5.3%

Property Tax $1,795.7 28.3% Individual Income Tax $1,837.5 29.0%

Sales Tax Corporate $1,780.2 Income Tax Motor Fuels 28.1% $240.8 Tax 3.8% $344.9 5.4% Total Tax Collections $6,335.4 million

FY 2018 Major State & Local Tax Distribution

State Dedicated Funds 6.0% - $381.6

State General Fund 58.9% - $3,731.6 Local Gov 35.1% - $2,222.2

Total Tax Distribution $6,335.4 million

Revenues & Appropriations 19 Fiscal Year 2018 Major State and Local Tax Distribution Summary (excludes federal funds, fees, and endowment revenues) $ millions FY 2018 Revenue Collections 6,335.4 Less Local Property Tax Charges (1,795.7) Less Transfers to Local Government Revenue Sharing (11.5% of collections) (204.3) Motor Fuel Revenue (120.1) Liquor Profits to Locals (FY17) (34.7) Sales Tax to Circuit Breaker (17.4) Ag Equipment Exemption to Counties (6.5) Boise Auditorium & Local Option (7.4) Inc. Tax on Lottery to Cty Juv Justice (0.6) Consolidated Elections (4.6) Developers' Rebate Pilot Project (10.1) Personal Property Tax Replacement (18.8) Ag Equipment Exemption to Schools (2.0) Subtotal Assistance to Local Gov (426.5) Less Dedicated State Funds Motor Fuel Revenue (incl. transfer fee) (224.9) Permanent Building Fund (37.5) (income, sales, cig, beer, lottery) To Public Schools: Cigarette, Liquor, (36.5) Tobacco, Lottery, RR Car Tax Idaho Travel and Convention (12.4) Water Pollution Control (sales tax) (4.8) Cig & Tob Tax to Juvenile Probation (4.3) Liquor Profits to Comm Colleges (FY17) (0.6) Expansion & Congestion Mitigation (15.7) (To ITD from Sales Taxes) Other Dedicated Funds (44.9) Subtotal State Dedicated Funds (381.6) FY 2018 General Fund Revenues 3,731.6

20 Revenues & Appropriations Major State and Local Tax Collections ($ in billions) FY 2008-2018

$7.0

$6.0

$5.0

$4.0

$3.0

$2.0

$1.0

$0.0

Local Property Tax Motor Fuel Tax Sales Ta x Corporate Income Tax Individual Income Tax Other Taxes

Over the ten-year period from FY 2008 to FY 2018, major state and local taxes increased 35.1%, or 7.5% annually from $4.690 billion to $6.335 billion. Over that same period, individual income tax collections grew at an annual compound rate of 2.5%, corporate income tax collections grew at an annual rate of 2.4%, sales tax collections grew at a rate of 3.0% annually, motor fuels grew at a rate of 4.1% annually, and property tax collections grew at a rate of 4.0% annually.

From FY 2017 to FY 2018, major state and local collections increased by 7.5%, individual income tax collections grew 10.7%, sales tax collections grew 8.7%, property tax collections grew 5.8%, and motor fuel collections grew 3.4%.

Revenues & Appropriations 21 Idaho Tax Rates & History of Changes

Sales Tax Rate Jul 1965 - Feb 1983 3.0% Mar 1983 - May 1983 4.0% Jun 1983 - Jun 1984 4.5% Jul 1984 - Mar 1986 4.0% Apr 1986 - May 2003 5.0% May 2003 - June 2005 6.0% July 2005 - Oct 2006 5.0% Oct 2006 to present 6.0% Personal (Individual) Income Tax Rate Jan 2000 Jan 2001 Jan 2012 Jan 2018 Brackets** (indexed for through through through through inflation since 2000) Dec 2000 Dec 2010 Dec 2017 Current 1st 1,000 ($1,454) 1.9% 1.6% 1.6% 1.1% 2nd 1,000 ($2,908) 3.9% 3.6% 3.6% 3.1% 3rd 1,000 ($4,362) 4.4% 4.1% 4.1% 3.6% 4th 1,000 ($5,816) 5.4% 5.1% 5.1% 4.6% 5th 1,000 ($7,270) 6.4% 6.1% 6.1% 5.6% next 2,500 ($10,905) 7.4% 7.1% 7.1% 6.6% next 12,500 ($26,319) 7.7% 7.4% excess of 20,000 ($26,320+) 8.1% 7.8% excess of $10,00 ($10,905+) 7.4% 6.9% * * Double for married individuals filing joint ly.

Corporate Income Tax Rate 1972 through 1980 6.5% 1981 through 1982 6.5% + 0.2% franchise tax up to $250,000 1983 through 1986 7.7% 1987 through 2000 8.0% 2001 through 2011 7.6% 2012 through 2017 7.4% 2018 and forward 6.9% Insurance Premium Tax Rate Jan 1987 - Dec 1987 3.3% Jan 1988 - Dec 1994 3.0% Jan 1995 - Dec 2004 2.75% Jan 2005 to Jan 2010 gradual decrease from 2.75% to 1.5% 2010 and forward 1.5%

22 Revenues & Appropriations Sales Tax Distributions ($ in thousands) Gross General Rev % Year (a) Collections Refunds Fund Sharing Change FY88 311,382.5 672.5 258,762.1 42,721.6 30.7% FY89 346,682.3 882.4 288,780.3 47,522.5 11.2% FY90 383,096.0 1,664.0 319,290.7 52,410.9 10.3% FY91 404,146.4 3,403.1 335,739.5 55,064.4 5.1% FY92 435,715.5 1,799.1 364,323.0 59,634.8 8.3% FY93 481,357.9 1,163.9 402,819.5 65,992.5 10.7% FY94 541,503.6 1,739.0 452,684.8 74,142.5 12.3% FY95 575,751.5 1,767.4 481,568.8 78,890.9 6.4% FY96 602,573.0 2,114.2 462,999.7 82,577.5 4.7% FY97 624,631.8 2,109.4 476,726.1 85,588.2 3.6% FY98 655,182.6 2,023.6 496,807.8 89,725.2 4.8% FY99 704,734.8 2,784.7 588,796.7 96,217.1 7.2% FY00 750,125.9 2,741.7 627,503.0 102,607.4 6.6% FY01 778,886.9 3,464.1 647,293.8 106,024.7 3.3% FY02 791,623.6 4,103.4 657,119.2 108,500.4 2.3% FY03 839,180.9 3,119.1 700,240.7 112,947.4 4.1% FY04 1,032,987.5 4,312.6 886,079.0 117,825.4 4.3% FY05 1,125,317.0 3,478.3 950,825.2 128,485.1 9.0% FY06 1,071,204.9 7,667.2 880,772.8 143,195.3 11.4% FY07 1,272,854.7 5,029.1 1,077,455.9 154,818.1 8.1% FY08 1,339,278.0 9,606.4 1,142,468.0 152,578.2 -1.4% FY09 1,201,248.3 5,963.3 1,022,201.6 136,994.7 -10.2% FY10 1,123,885.3 3,088.4 955,908.7 128,496.0 -6.2% FY11 1,166,271.5 21,124.1 972,379.8 131,214.7 2.1% FY12 1,216,228.4 8,738.5 1,027,344.3 138,440.4 5.5% FY13 1,313,372.0 11,087.6 1,109,828.5 149,426.5 7.9% FY14 1,369,521.6 3,780.6 1,145,731.8 156,568.6 4.8% FY15 1,456,971.4 5,534.5 1,218,769.7 166,329.4 6.2% FY16 1,553,033.8 4,839.9 1,303,027.5 177,834.0 6.9% FY17 1,643,649.3 5,312.6 1,382,418.2 188,174.7 5.8% FY18(b) 1,784,749.2 4,552.5 1,490,015.4 204,185.1 8.5% Sources: (a) DFM General Fund Revenue Book FY 2019 (b) St at e Tax Commission Comparat ive Report , FY 2018

Revenues & Appropriations 23 Sales Tax Distributions ($ in thousands) Perm Bldg Pollution Circuit Property Miscellaneous Year(a) Fund Control Breaker Tax Relief Distributions FY88 500.0 4,800.0 3,890.1 36.2 3 FY89 500.0 4,800.0 4,171.7 25.4 3 FY90 500.0 4,800.0 4,335.5 94.9 3 FY91 500.0 4,800.0 4,491.1 148.3 3 FY92 500.0 4,800.0 4,606.1 52.5 3 FY93 500.0 4,800.0 6,031.2 50.8 3 FY94 500.0 4,800.0 7,504.3 132.9 3 FY95 500.0 4,800.0 8,241.1 (16.6) 3 FY96 500.0 4,800.0 8,807.0 40,757.1 17.6 3 FY97 500.0 4,800.0 9,609.0 45,238.4 60.7 3 FY98 500.0 4,800.0 10,331.1 50,400.4 594.5 3 FY99 500.0 4,800.0 10,891.7 744.6 3 FY00 500.0 4,800.0 11,481.2 492.7 3 FY01 5,000.0 4,800.0 11,711.3 593.0 3 FY02 5,000.0 4,800.0 11,983.5 117.0 3 FY03 5,000.0 4,800.0 12,787.1 286.6 3 FY04 5,000.0 4,800.0 14,097.7 872.8 3 FY05 5,000.0 4,800.0 14,995.3 16,810.6 922.5 3 FY06 5,000.0 4,800.0 15,466.7 13,448.5 854.4 3 FY07 5,000.0 4,800.0 15,402.7 9,727.4 621.5 3 FY08 5,000.0 4,800.0 15,405.6 8,487.1 932.8 3,4 FY09 5,000.0 4,800.0 15,459.1 8,487.1 2,342.5 3,4 FY10 5,000.0 4,800.0 15,706.9 8,487.1 2,398.2 3,4 FY11 5,000.0 4,800.0 16,001.7 8,487.1 7,264.1 3,4,5 FY12 5,000.0 4,800.0 16,069.8 8,487.1 7,348.3 3,4,5 FY13 5,000.0 4,800.0 15,901.5 8,487.1 8,840.8 3,4,5 FY14 5,000.0 4,800.0 15,728.2 27,420.7 10,491.7 3,4,5 FY15 5,000.0 4,800.0 16,318.8 27,408.9 12,810.1 3,4,5 FY16 5,000.0 4,800.0 16,606.1 27,376.8 13,549.5 3,4,5 FY17 5,000.0 4,800.0 16,968.1 27,339.2 13,636.5 3,4,5 FY18(b) 5,000.0 4,800.0 17,426.7 27,324.5 31,445.1 3,4,5,6 Not es: 1) Social Security Trust 4) Demonst rat ion Pilot Project 2) Public School Income 5) Elect ion Consolidat ion 3) Multi-State Tax Compact 6) Transportation E.C.M. Fund

24 Revenues & Appropriations Sales Tax Ag & Pers Prop Circuit Election Liquor County Rev Sharing1 Tax Repl1 Breaker1 Consol1 Distrib 2 Ada $55,573,567 $4,219,681 $2,954,836 $661,873 $9,936,398 Adams 659,417 84,063 61,228 55,395 84,570 Bannock 10,875,224 1,135,109 876,705 167,138 1,537,388 Bear Lake 955,166 101,602 78,046 58,268 123,291 Benewah 966,263 195,107 133,976 62,642 227,788 Bingham 4,810,832 1,262,222 396,745 112,841 444,115 Blaine 4,118,678 347,524 112,812 80,227 1,029,895 Boise 654,427 106,760 91,458 59,881 137,605 Bonner 3,981,000 676,962 555,470 108,800 1,432,789 Bonneville 12,833,909 1,869,772 979,475 204,894 1,766,539 Boundary 1,120,562 204,839 213,760 66,023 229,006 Butte 406,251 202,858 38,891 53,485 50,494 Camas 240,725 57,336 13,990 51,490 23,944 Canyon 22,743,234 3,155,203 2,644,988 342,044 2,348,646 Caribou 1,204,437 268,857 81,053 59,515 96,504 Cassia 3,007,243 730,391 182,445 82,755 304,851 Clark 345,636 70,474 1,346 51,212 36,184 Clearwater 1,748,183 213,714 172,195 61,840 174,273 Cust er 813,217 86,753 47,668 55,702 133,683 Elmore 2,732,435 510,955 258,471 86,157 319,165 Franklin 1,563,193 231,201 140,194 68,449 173,581 Fremont 1,546,297 286,831 148,925 67,949 217,178 Gem 1,845,067 250,028 296,990 73,713 179,875 Gooding 1,827,027 540,100 175,633 71,230 197,783 Idaho 2,207,997 247,259 251,598 72,596 235,747 Jefferson 2,213,344 525,232 240,004 88,316 185,195 Jerome 2,583,061 904,032 285,517 81,917 226,300 Kootenai 17,571,900 1,809,027 2,061,214 262,253 5,931,230 Latah 4,370,305 865,256 280,516 104,327 1,196,396 Lemhi 1,262,070 99,588 139,709 60,771 195,455 Lewis 560,838 198,710 78,011 55,324 107,567 Lincoln 768,937 197,491 37,564 57,364 83,983 Madison 3,871,456 650,777 148,652 103,870 183,827 Minidoka 2,504,307 695,493 291,683 78,620 268,569 Nez Perce 6,523,357 860,357 658,374 106,030 1,185,693 Oneida 645,829 117,507 61,258 56,009 73,515 Owyhee 1,498,351 340,786 121,444 65,816 133,283 Payette 2,381,285 447,039 368,532 81,996 449,718 Power 1,302,548 563,535 75,102 60,662 71,454 Shoshone 2,088,272 253,004 360,079 67,338 431,977 Teton 1,123,235 109,438 32,478 64,995 268,632 Twin Falls 11,046,235 1,671,780 1,021,094 165,580 1,433,484 Valley 1,535,882 141,317 76,986 64,350 552,681 W ashington 1,516,043 256,860 236,512 64,043 289,749 TOTAL $204,147,240 $27,762,831 $17,483,627 $4,525,701 $34,710,000 Sources: 1 Tax Commission (FY 2018), 2 Liquor Division (FY 2017)

Revenues & Appropriations 25 Highway State 2017 $ Per County Distrib3 Lottery 4 Total Pop 5 Capita Ada $32,659,232 $4,716,844 $110,722,431 456,849 $242.36 Adams 1,312,990 25,345 2,283,008 4,147 550.52 Bannock 7,640,209 884,195 23,115,968 85,269 271.09 Bear Lake 1,554,228 71,510 2,942,110 6,028 488.07 Benewah 1,712,900 77,346 3,376,021 9,184 367.60 Bingham 5,417,951 639,409 13,084,116 45,927 284.89 Blaine 2,961,636 210,700 8,861,471 22,024 402.36 Boise 1,300,524 46,946 2,397,600 7,290 328.89 Bonner 4,162,891 304,463 11,222,375 43,560 257.63 Bonneville 9,700,594 1,457,360 28,812,543 114,595 251.43 Boundary 1,602,053 85,286 3,521,529 11,922 295.38 Butte 1,225,264 26,981 2,004,224 2,602 770.26 Camas 1,228,383 7,883 1,623,750 1,102 1,473.46 Canyon 16,356,684 2,459,526 50,050,326 216,699 230.97 Caribou 2,344,073 93,744 4,148,183 7,034 589.73 Cassia 4,082,554 329,670 8,719,909 23,664 368.49 Clark 1,145,449 8,344 1,658,645 873 1,899.94 Clearwater 1,509,122 74,891 3,954,218 8,546 462.70 Cust er 1,860,906 33,628 3,031,557 4,172 726.64 Elmore 3,981,077 283,044 8,171,304 26,823 304.64 Franklin 1,814,709 197,606 4,188,933 13,564 308.83 Fremont 2,380,997 133,689 4,781,868 13,094 365.20 Gem 2,022,420 156,101 4,824,194 17,379 277.59 Gooding 2,265,554 199,185 5,276,512 15,124 348.88 Idaho 3,908,786 108,212 7,032,195 16,369 429.60 Jefferson 3,139,419 416,876 6,808,386 28,446 239.34 Jerome 2,979,296 286,432 7,346,554 23,627 310.94 Kootenai 13,012,870 1,338,212 41,986,706 157,637 266.35 Latah 4,789,040 295,506 11,901,346 39,333 302.58 Lemhi 1,651,379 59,028 3,467,999 7,875 440.38 Lewis 1,609,673 45,787 2,655,910 3,887 683.28 Lincoln 1,517,467 58,861 2,721,667 5,318 511.78 Madison 3,597,822 422,442 8,978,846 39,141 229.40 Minidoka 3,036,757 252,927 7,128,356 20,729 343.88 Nez Perce 4,462,658 324,012 14,120,482 40,385 349.65 Oneida 1,562,525 67,310 2,583,953 4,427 583.68 Owyhee 3,027,790 142,585 5,330,055 11,628 458.38 Payette 2,408,883 259,737 6,397,190 23,215 275.56 Power 2,287,557 102,346 4,463,204 7,600 587.26 Shoshone 1,922,569 102,463 5,225,702 12,542 416.66 Teton 1,570,266 103,567 3,272,612 11,381 287.55 Twin Falls 8,831,664 973,893 25,143,730 85,124 295.38 Valley 2,631,552 81,315 5,084,083 10,687 475.73 W ashington 2,101,316 109,793 4,574,316 10,121 451.96 TOTAL $182,291,689 $18,075,000 $488,996,088 1,716,943 $284.81 3 Transportation Dept (FY 2018), 4 Lottery (FY 2017), 5 U.S. Census Bureau Est.

26 Revenues & Appropriations Sales Tax Exceptions & Exemptions ($ in Thousands Based on 6 Cent Rate)

Specific Uses Not Taxed FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 Production Exemption Equip $111,144 $110,088 $117,125 Production Exemption Supplies 84,136 83,337 88,663 Irrigation Equipment & Supplies 4,327 4,435 4,546 Pollution Control Equipment 11,523 12,133 12,752 Broadcast Equipment 2,729 2,700 2,873 Publishing Equipment Supplies 175 173 184 Commercial Aircraft 2,054 2,154 2,154 Railroad Rolling Stock & Remfg 2,550 2,550 2,550 Interstate Trucks 7,740 8,058 8,351 Out-of-State Contracts 4,548 4,499 4,786 Trade-in Value 33,044 34,400 35,652 Sales of Bus or Bus Assets 2,158 2,135 2,271 SNAP/WIC 16,297 16,601 17,075 Motor Vehicles used Outside ID 18,634 19,376 20,106 Donation Real Prop to ID Gov't 4 4 4 Incidental Sales Tangible Prop 12 12 12 Lodging, Eating, Drinking Place 89 91 95 School Lunches & Senior Meals 5,098 5,143 5,297 Driver's Education Automobiles 39 39 38 Ski Lifts & Snowgrooming Equip 600 600 600 Clean Rooms 480 480 480 Research & Development Equip 7,200 7,200 7,200 Other 9,182 9,461 10,274 Total Specific Uses Not Taxed $323,763 $325,669 $343,088

Goods Not Taxed FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 Motor Fuels $136,137 $138,654 $144,093 Heating Materials 3,974 3,950 4,172 Utility Sales 105,074 108,226 111,473 Used Mobile Homes 2,760 2,760 2,760 Prescrip & Durable Med Equip 61,594 65,751 68,972 Funeral Caskets & Containers 1,617 1,665 1,716 Nonprofit Literature 140 143 145 Official Documents 70 71 72 Bullion & Idaho Medallion 560 560 560 New Mfd Homes & Modular Bldg 2,468 2,509 2,577 Telecommunication Equipment 2,495 2,745 3,019 Personnel Prop Tax on Rentals 400 400 400 Remote-Access CPU Software 8,070 8,385 8,721 Total Goods Not Taxed $325,359 $335,819 $348,680

Revenues & Appropriations 27 Sales Tax Exceptions & Exemptions (cont.) ($ in Thousands Based on 6 Cent Rate) Services Not Taxed FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 Construction $143,454 $157,728 $171,413 Agricultural & Industrial Srvs 8,358 8,487 8,683 Transportation Services 46,603 48,702 50,306 Information Serv ices 95,393 96,842 98,421 Repairs 55,393 58,169 60,648 Professional Services 226,776 238,143 248,292 Business Services 135,515 142,307 148,372 Personal Services 11,905 12,502 13,035 Health & Medical Services 505,918 530,379 548,980 Social Services 76,045 79,722 82,517 Educational Services 55,658 58,447 60,938 Lottery & Pari-Mutuel Betting 14,801 15,393 16,008 Media Measurement Srvs 74 77 79 Misc Services & Range Fees 4,573 4,796 4,997 Total Services Not Taxed $1,380,466 $1,451,694 $1,512,689

Entities Not Taxed FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 Educational Inst Purchases $8,704 $9,091 $9,554 Hospital Purchases 29,302 30,718 31,796 Health Entity Purchases 470 490 510 Canal Company Purchases 1,056 1,073 1,088 Forest Protective Assoc Purch 46 47 48 Food Bank, Clothier, Indep Liv ing 343 358 374 State & Local Gov Purchases 26,923 28,690 30,509 INL R&D Purchases 5,619 5,692 5,978 Motor Veh Purch by Relatives 2,166 2,255 2,337 Sales by 4H & FFA Clubs 28 28 28 Non-Retail Sales 3,861 4,032 4,197 Sales by Indian Tribes on Res 5,717 5,881 6,094 Sales by Outfitters & Guides 16 16 16 Sales v ia Vending Machines 2,616 2,665 2,741 Auto Manufacturers' Rebates 714 744 771 Meals & Sales by Churches 981 1,024 1,065 Volunteer Fire Depts & EMS 217 227 236 Senior Citizen Centers 52 54 56 Other Charitable Services 32 34 36 Museums 237 248 258 Total Entities Not Taxed $89,100 $93,367 $97,692

Total Exceptions & Exemptions $2,118,688 $2,206,549 $2,302,149 Source: DFM General Fund Revenue Book FY 2019

28 Revenues & Appropriations Income Tax Expenditures ($ in thousands)

FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 Investment Tax Credit $39,554 $38,165 $39,919 Other States Tax Credit 82,091 84,935 88,307 Elderly Dependent Credit 834 870 905 Youth and Rehab Credit 9,214 9,533 9,912 Schools, Libraries, Museums 8,830 9,136 9,523 Grocery Credit 144,632 146,731 148,859 Recycling Equipment Credit 5 15 15 Tech Equipment Deduction 61 67 69 Long-Term Care Insurance Ded 1,489 1,515 1,535 Alt Energy Device Ded 398 435 452 Insulation Deduction 1,234 1,350 1,402 Workers Comp Prem Ded 400 400 400 Child Care Deduction 4,308 4,373 4,402 College Savings Deduction 2,085 2,280 2,370 Health Insurance Deduction 20,474 22,719 23,601 Elderly & Dev Disability Ded 34 37 38 Adoption Expenses Deduction 33 44 44 Medical Savings Deduction 1,161 1,270 1,320 Right Income Adj Credit 40 40 40 Broadband Inv estment Credit 2,123 2,049 2,143 Research Activity Credit 7,431 7,170 7,500 Promoter Event Credit 2 10 10 Sml Emp Invst, Prop, & Job Cred 892 859 859 Organ Donation Credit 37 34 34 Reimbursement Incentive Credit 3,000 6,000 9,000 Charitable Contributions Ded 25 25 25 Total Specific Uses Not Taxed $330,387 $340,062 $352,684

Sources of Income Not Taxed FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 Capital Gains Exclusion $23,888 $26,225 $27,256 Government Interest Exclusion 1,442 1,582 1,629 Social Security Exclusion 79,029 86,254 89,735 Retirement Benefit Exclusion 8,469 9,254 9,622 Idaho Lottery W innings Exclusion 5,159 5,248 5,432 Indian Earnings on Reserv ation 719 744 773 Certain Loss Recoveries Exclusion 250 250 250 Nonresident Partnership Exclusion 440 440 440 Total Goods Not Taxed $119,396 $129,997 $135,137 Total Income Tax Expenditures $449,783 $470,059 $487,821

Revenues & Appropriations 29 FY 2015 State and Local Tax Burden State and Local Taxes per $100 of Personal Income, 2015

AZ ID CO UT MT NV NM WY $8.50 $9.50 $10.50 $11.50 $12.50

The state Tax Commission conducts a tax burden study periodically which compares Idaho’s taxes to the national average after adjusting for differences in personal income or population among the states (State and Local Tax Burden Analysis: Fiscal Year 2015, Alan Dornfest, Oct. 2017). This information is drawn from that study.

In FY 2015, Idaho’s state and local tax burden ($9.33 per $100 of personal income) was the fifteenth lowest state burden in the country.

Idaho has the second lowest burden of the Rocky Mountain States as a percentage of personal income. Arizona was lowest among this group ($9.12 per $100 of personal income), and thirteenth lowest overall.

According to the report, Idaho’s FY 2015 tax burden from major state and local taxes relative to population ranks 29.2% below the national average and 4th lowest overall. Only South Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama have lower per capita tax burdens. Idaho ranks second lowest in the country in taxes per person.

30 Revenues & Appropriations The Budget Stabilization Fund was created in 1984 for the purpose of meeting General Fund revenue shortfalls and to meet expenses resulting from major disasters. IC §57-814. Most of the cash balance has come from General Fund transfers; since 2000, Idaho Code requires quarterly distributions from the General Fund in the next year if the prior year’s revenue growth exceeds 4%. Over the years, money was appropriated from this fund to deal with General Fund budget shortfalls and to pay for disasters, highway projects, election consolidation, and small one time projects. In 2015, H312a removed the ceiling and provided that one-half of any General Fund surplus be deposited to the fund.

The Public Education Stabilization Fund is continuously appropriated to make up shortfalls in discretionary funding for Public Schools and the state made deposits beginning in 2004. It may also be used to make up for General Fund holdbacks, for declining endowment distributions, and to meet state match for the School District Building Account. The fund reached an all-time high of $112 million in 2008, and was drawn down to $11.2 million by 2011 as the state dealt with a major recession.

The Economic Recovery Reserve Fund was created in 2005 to provide savings in times of General Fund revenue shortfalls with an increase in the cigarette tax. Shortly thereafter, the cigarette taxes were redirected for Bond Levy Equalization in Public Schools and to pay for the renovation of the Capitol building. With the scheduled payoff of the capitol bond in FY 2015, H547 of 2014 redirected the cigarette tax from the fund to pay for GARVEE bonds and water projects.

The Traditional Millennium Fund receives 20% of the revenue collected under the tobacco settlement agreement. Five percent of the market value is annually transferred to the Millennium Income Fund and is available to be appropriated for grants. Although the fund is not classified as a reserve fund, it is subject to appropriation and has been used by the Governor and the Legislature over several economic downturns to support shortfalls in the General Fund.

Revenues & Appropriations 31

$600

Traditional Millennium Fund $37.8

Emergency Funds $41.5 $500 Higher Education Stabilization Public Education Stabilization $79.7

$400 Economic Recovery Reserve Budget Stabilization

$300

$413.5 $200

$100

$-

32 Revenues & Appropriations Idaho Endowment Trusts The Admission’s Act granted Idaho about 3 million acres of federal lands for public school support (sections 16 and 36 of every township) and another 650 thousand acres for eight other endowment beneficiaries. The five-member State Board of Land Commissioners manages state lands, and is composed of the Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General, State Controller, and Superintendent of Public Instruction.

In 1905, the Department of Lands was created to support the Land Board and take over management from the State Treasurer. The Land Board chose to deposit timber sale revenue into the permanent endowment, and to place lease revenues into the income funds for annual distribution along with the earnings from the permanent funds. In 1969, the Legislature created an Endowment Fund Investment Board (EFIB) to manage the financial assets.

Idaho Land Remaining Percent Percent Institution Grant Acres Acres 6/15 Remain of Total Public Schools 2,982,683 2,076,829 69.5% 84.9% Agricultural College 90,000 33,526 37.3% 1.4% Charitable Institutions 150,000 77,241 51.5% 3.2% Normal School 100,000 59,639 59.6% 2.4% Penitentiary 50,000 28,915 57.8% 1.2% School of Science 100,000 75,497 75.5% 3.1% Mental Hospital 50,000 31,376 62.8% 1.3% University of Idaho* 96,080 55,094 57.3% 2.3% Capitol Endowment 32,000 7,283 22.8% 0.3% Total 3,650,763 2,445,400 67.0% 100.0%

* Includes 46,080 acres granted Feb 18,1881 to University of Idaho

• Public school endowment lands comprise 85% of the total endowment lands. • Sixty-seven percent of original or exchanged endowment lands remain. Source: Idaho Department of Lands Annual Report

Revenues & Appropriations 33 Endowment Distributions The state Constitution was amended to allow the EFIB to invest in the stock market, authorize a land bank, and to permit payment of administrative costs from earnings. The EFIB, under the Land Board, established an earnings reserve fund to distribute earnings, put timber sale revenues into the reserve fund, and gave the Land Board the power to determine the amount of distributions to beneficiaries.

Endowment Distributions to Beneficiaries ($ millions) Appr. Institution 2006 2010 2014 2018 2019 Public Schools $23.1 $31.3 $31.3 $47.0 $50.3 Agricultural Coll (U of I) (2.1) .9 1.0 1.3 1.4 Charitable Institutions

Idaho State University (.7) .8 .9 1.5 1.5 St. Juvenile Corr Ctr (.7) .8 .9 1.5 1.5 State Hospital North (.7) .8 .9 1.5 1.5 Veterans Home (.4) .5 .6 .9 1.0 School for Deaf /Blind (.1) .1 .1 .2 .2 Normal School

ISU College of Ed 1.6 1.3 1.3 2.1 2.2 Lewis-Clark State 1.6 1.3 1.3 2.1 2.2 College Penitentiary 2.4 1.0 1.4 2.0 2.2 School of Science (U of 2.8 3.0 3.3 4.7 4.8 I) Mental Hospital (South) 5.3 1.5 2.9 4.6 5.0 University of Idaho 3.5 2.3 2.9 4.0 4.2 Total $35.7 $45.7 $48.8 $73.5 $78.2 • FY 2001 was the first full-year after Endowment Reform. Distributions rose to a high of $69.6 million in FY 2002, but market losses and a change in the spending rule resulted lower distributions until 2018. • For FY 2005 and FY 2006, the Land Board halted distributions to the Ag College and Charitable Institutions, resulting in the Legislature utilizing the General Fund for those distributions. • A onetime $22 million distribution went to Public Schools in FY 2011.

34 Revenues & Appropriations 20-Year Historical Change in Employee Compensation Comparison

Gen Personnel Fiscal Gen Fund Fund % Comm / CPI% FY CEC Year Orig Approp Chg DHR Chg Funded 2000 $1,674.7 M 4.0% 14.0% 3.7% 3.0% 2001 $1,804.0 M 7.7% 0.0% 3.2% 3.5% 2002 $2,044.3 M 13.3% 0.0% 1.1% 4.5% 2003 $1,967.9 M -3.7% 0.0% 2.1% 0.0% 2004 $2,004.1 M 1.8% 1.0% 3.3% 0.0% 2005 $2,082.1 M 3.9% 6.8% 2.5% 3.0% 2006 $2,180.9 M 4.7% 6.7% 4.3% 1.0% 2007 $2,593.7 M 18.9% 5.7% 2.7% 3.0% 2008 $2,820.7 M 8.8% 5.8% 5.0% 5.0% 2009 $2,959.3 M 4.9% 5.0% -1.4% 3.0% 2010 $2,506.6 M -15.3% 5.0% 1.1% 0.0% 2011 $2,383.8 M -4.9% 3.0% 3.6% 0.0% 2012 $2,529.0 M 6.1% 3.0% 1.7% 0.0% 2013 $2,702.1 M 6.8% 3.0% 1.8% 2.0% 2014 $2,781.0 M 2.9% 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 2015 $2,936.1 M 5.6% 0.0% 0.1% 2.0% 2016 $3,071.9 M 4.6% 3.0% 1.0% 3.0% 2017 $3,273.0 M 6.5% 3.0% 1.6% 3.0% 2018 $3,450.6 M 5.4% 3.0% 2.9% 3.0% 2019 $3,652.7 M 5.9% 3.0% N/A 3.0% Avg. Annual Change 4.40% 3.55% 2.22% 2.10% For FY 2019, the Governor recommended, and the Legislature funded, a 3% salary increase for permanent state employees, to be distributed at the discretion of each agency head and institution president. The Legislature authorized and funded a 3% increase in the annual salary for appointed officials.

36 Education 11-Year Appropriation Trend Selected Agencies ($ in billions) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0

Public Schools College & Universities All Other Education General Fund

The Public School Support budget, comprised of state and federal funds, has increased 27% from FY 2009. The FY 2019 General Fund Original Appropriation was $1.785 million, or a 5.9% increase, over FY 2018; this is an increase of just over $100 million. This appropriation provided funding for a projected 15,339 support units; provided $41.6 million to move teachers to the fourth year of the career ladder instructor compensation system; provided a $10.5 million increase for classroom technology; and increased administrators and non- certified staff base salaries by 3%.

The FY 2019 General Fund Original Appropriation for Community Colleges increased 17.3% with the creation of the College of Eastern Idaho. The Legislature also approved the creation of two new medical residency programs and increased support for existing programs, resulting in an overall 19.7% increase for health education programs. The Legislature appropriated an additional $3.5 million to expand the Opportunity Scholarship, an increase of 18.7% for Special Programs.

Education 37 State Board of Education Original Appropriation

Original Appropriations (All Annual Funds) FY 2018 FY 2019 % Chg ($ in millions) By Department or Division Public School Support $2,041.2 $2,140.6 4.9% Agricultural Research & 31.3 31.3 0.1% Extension College and Universities 565.0 576.8 2.1% Community Colleges 40.0 46.9 17.3% State Board of 9.0 16.0 76.6% Education* Health Education 15.9 19.0 19.7% Programs Career Technical 74.8 76.0 1.6% Education Idaho Public Television 9.6 9.4 (1.9%) Special Programs 19.7 23.4 18.7% Superintend. of Public 38.8 39.7 2.2% Instruction Vocational Rehabilitation 28.2 28.3 0.5% Total $2,873.5 $3,007.4 4.7%

By Fund Source General Fund $2,171.2 $2,295.3 5.7% Dedicated Funds $391.3 $400.6 2.4% Federal Funds $311.0 $311.5 0.2% Total $2,873.5 $3,007.4 4.7% Totals May Not Add Due to Rounding

* The General Fund FY 2019 Original Appropriation for the Office of the State Board of Education increased 76.6%. This increase included a line item of $6,125,000 of dedicated funding for annual sub-lease payment from the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). Payments will be received by the Board from INL and submitted to the State Building Authority.

38 Education K – 12 Public School Metrics Five-Year History

School Year 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 Students Fall Enrollment 291,022 294,471 298,787 302,332 NA Av g Daily Attendance 276,031 279,300 282,848 286,236 NA Mid-Term Support Units 14,683 14,862 15,064 15,220 15,404 (est) Full-Term Support Units 14,601 14,806 15,020 15,164 15,339 (est)

Dollars (in millions) General Fund $1,374.6 $1,475.8 $1,584.7 $1,685.3 $1,785.3 Dedicated Funds 86.8 74.2 77.5 91.6 91.0 Federal Funds 215.2 264.3 264.3 264.3 264.3 Total $1,676.6 $1,814.3 $1,926.5 $2,041.2 $2,140.6

General Fund 5.1% 7.4% 7.4% 6.3% 5.9% Total Funds 4.9% 8.2% 6.2% 6.0% 4.9%

Discretionary Funds per $22,401 $23,868 $25,696 $26,748 $27,481 Full-Term Support Unit

The FY 2019 Original Appropriation added $15.9 million to maintain and increase discretionary funding from $26,748 per support unit to $27,481 per support unit, which was a 2.7% increase; provided $30.4 million for facilities maintenance; $23.2 million for the Bond Levy Equalization Program; $36.5 million for classroom technology, Wi-Fi services, and instructional management systems; $17.7 million for teacher leadership awards; $21.5 million for professional development; plus $15 million for advanced opportunities. There was $8 million provided for IT staffing, as well as increases to the Idaho Digital Learning Academy and Idaho Educational Services for the Deaf and the Blind.

Source: http://www.sde.idaho.gov/finance/index.html

Education 39 FY 2019 Public Schools Funding: $2,462,615,100

Federal Funding from 40+ Programs $264 million, or 10.7%

Local Levy Propert y State Tax Estimate Sources $1.8 $322 million, or billion, or 13.1% 76.2%

Statutory Distributions Non-Statutory Distributions Transportation $73,010,000 Classroom Tech and W i-Fi $36,500,000 Border Contracts $1,200,000 Limited English Proficiency (LEP) $4,870,000 Exceptional $5,390,900 Content and Curriculum $6,350,000 Contracts/Tuition Equivalents Salary-based Apportionment Prof. Development, Gifted & $1,146,134,300 $21,550,000 and State-Paid Employee Talented Teacher Training Reading Initiative $13,156,500 Remediation $5,456,300 Bond Levy Equalization $23,184,500 Assessments (Science, PSAT) $3,100,000 ID Digital Learning Academy $9,788,500 District IT Staffing $8,000,000 Safe & Drug-Free Schools $4,024,900 Math Initiative $1,817,800 Additional Math and Services for the Deaf & Blind $5,930,000 $3,956,400 Science Requirements (Outreach) Services for the Deaf & Blind Advanced Opportunities $15,000,000 $7,023,000 (Campus) National Board Teacher $90,000 Federal Funds for Districts $264,115,000 Certification Facilities (Lottery) & Interest $18,562,500 T otal Non-Statutory $362,738,500 Earned Facilities State Match (GF) $3,905,000

Charter School Facilities $7,893,700

Leadership Awards/Premiums $17,773,600 Discretionary Funds $421,530,200 Cont. Improv ement Planning $652,000

Mastery-Based Education $1,400,000 Online Portal $150,000 Local Property Tax Rev (est) $322,000,000 College/Career Counselors $9,000,000 Innov ation Schools $100,000 T otal Statutory $1,356,346,400

40 Education Traditional and Charter School Fall Enrollment During the 2017-2018 School Year was 302,332

Charter School Enrollment in 52 schools was 21,872, or 7.2%

Traditional School Enrollment in 115 School Districts was 280,460, or 92.8%

During the 2017-2018 school year, fall enrollment at public charter schools was 21,872 or 7.2%, of the total statewide K-12 enrollment. Enrollment at charter schools has averaged 1,150 additional students per year over the past 18 years. However, growth has slowed to an average of 626 students per year during the past four years.

H206 of 2013 required that all charter schools pay an annual authorizer fee. The purpose of the fee is to help defray the cost of providing authorizer oversight. This fee is estimated to annually generate approximately $365,000 and has allowed the Public Charter School Commission to completely shift its $325,400 budget off of the General Fund and onto dedicated funds. The bill also required that charter schools receive monies from the General Fund for facilities maintenance; for FY 2019, $7,893,700 was appropriated to charter schools for this purpose.

Higher Education 41

College & Universities Enrollment and Resident Tuition and Fees

Selected Measures

Fall Academic Enrollment (full- and part-time students), 2017- 2018 Avg. Fall Fall Fall Fall Annual 2014 2015 2016 2017 Chg. Boise State University 22,239 22,086 23,854 24,121 2.7% Idaho State University 12,248 11,915 11,831 11,560 -1.9% University of Idaho 11,534 11,372 11,780 12,072 1.5% Lewis-Clark St. College 3,178 3,216 3,481 3,313 1.4% Total 49,199 48,589 50,946 51,066 1.2%

Fall Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Academic Enrollment, 2017-2018 Avg. Fall Fall Fall Fall Annual 2014 2015 2016 2017 Chg. Boise State University 15,733 15,433 15,954 16,305 1.2% Idaho State University 9,416 9,220 9,049 8,766 -2.4% University of Idaho 9,610 6,384 9,422 9,433 -0.6% Lewis-Clark St. College 2,480 2,432 2,476 2,436 -0.6% Total 37,239 33,469 36,901 36,940 -0.3%

Annual Undergraduate Resident Tuition and Fees Avg. Fall Fall Fall Fall Annual 2015 2016 2017 2018 Chg. Boise State University 6,874 6,874 7,330 7,694 3.8% Idaho State University 6,784 6,956 7,166 7,420 3.0% University of Idaho 7,020 7,232 7,450 7,864 3.9% Lewis-Clark St. College 6,000 6,120 6,334 6,620 3.3% Average 6,670 6,796 7,070 7,400 3.5%

For 2017-2018 average undergraduate student tuition and fees at Idaho universities (BSU, ISU, LCSC, and UI) were 77.7% ($7,245) of the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE) state average ($9,328). This resulted in Idaho universities being ranked 11 of 16 (1 is highest cost and 16 is lowest cost) when compared to other western states. Among WICHE state universities, Wyoming was the least expensive at 55.9% of the average, while the most expensive was Arizona at 120.3% of the average.

42 Higher Education

State Board of Education Approved Allocation of Appropriations by Institution Appropriated Funds Only

One Year Comparative Original Approp. FY 2018 FY 2019 $ Chg %Chg by Institution BSU $194.8M $207.M $12.2M 6.3% ISU $151.7M $149.3M -$2.4M -1.6% UI $178.M $178.8M $.8M 0.5% LCSC $35.5M $35.5M $.06M 0.2% Systemwide $5.1M $6.2M $1.15M 22.7% TOTAL $565.M $576.8M $11.8M 2.1%

Ten Year Comparative All Funds Avg Total FY 2009 FY 2019 Annl %Chg Original Approp. Chg TOTAL $399.M $576.8M 3.8% 44.6%

Ten Year Comparative Avg Total FY 2009 FY 2019 Annl %Chg* Original Approp. Chg by Fund Source General Fund $264.2M $295.7M 1.1% 11.9% Endowment Funds $5.8M $16.4M 11.0% 184.9% Student Fees/Tuition $103.6M $264.6M 9.8% 155.3% TOTAL $373.6M $576.7M 4.4% 54.3%

*Total change calculations include carryover appropriations for dedicated funds.

Higher Education 43

Idaho’s Higher Education System FY 2019 Budget Distribution by Functional Classification, $577,151,200

Functional Classification Definitions Instruction: Academic and professional-technical credit and non-credit courses including faculty. Research: Individual and/or project research, institutes, and research centers. Public Service: Cooperative extension, conferences, institutes, radio & television, reference bureaus, consulting, etc. Academic Support: Academic administration, computing services, libraries, museums, galleries, audio-visual services, etc. Institutional Support: Governing board, planning, programming, legal, fiscal, personnel, logistical, fund raising, investment, etc. Student Services: Financial aid, counseling and career guidance, student health services, student newspapers, student organizations, intramural athletics, cultural events, etc. Athletics: Administration, marketing and student participation in intercollegiate men's and women's athletics. Physical Plant: Services and maintenance related to facilities and grounds.

44 Higher Education

Idaho's Higher Education System

Cost to Attend

For a traditional (single, no dependents), full-time (at least 12 credits), resident undergraduate student living independently, based on the 2017/2018 school year it cost approximately $20,603 to attend an Idaho college or university for one academic year.

Sources & Assumptions: Based on average costs provided by institutions; maximum annual limit for federal loans; academic ability for scholarships; student 10 hour work week; examples of actual family Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) completions; U.S. Census Bureau.

Higher Education 45

Community College Fall Enrollment and Tuition & Fee Information

Avg Fall Fall Fall Fall Student Information Annl 2014 2015 2016 2017 Chg

Fall Enrollment Headcount (full- and part-time students), 2017-2018 North Idaho College 5,770 5,543 5,344 5,390 -2.2% College of Southern Idaho 8,357 7,570 7,021 7,063 -5.5% College of Western Idaho 10,217 8,435 9,120 10,321 0.3% College of Eastern Idaho 686 687 676 809 5.7% Total 25,030 22,235 22,161 23,583 -2.0%

Fall Full-Time Enrollment (FTE) Academic and Career Technical, 2017-2018 North Idaho College 3,779 3,510 3,345 3,252 -4.9% College of Southern Idaho 3,917 3,702 3,518 3,409 -4.5% College of Western Idaho 5,735 4,908 4,858 5,185 -3.3% College of Eastern Idaho 436 462 470 546 7.8% Total 13,867 12,582 12,191 12,392 -3.7%

Annual Student Tuition & Fees* 2015-6 2016-7 2017-8 2018-9 North Idaho College 3,214 3,288 3,360 3,360 1.5% College of Southern Idaho 2,880 3,120 3,120 3,360 5.3% College of Western Idaho 3,264 3,336 3,336 3,336 0.7% College of Eastern Idaho** 2,334 2,404 2,464 3,096 9.9% Average $2,923 $3,037 $3,070 $3,288 4.3%

* Full-time enrollment is calculated at 12 credits for two semesters for all four institutions. ** Historical student counts for Eastern Idaho Technical College (now College of Eastern Idaho) have been included as a point of reference. However, note that student population for the College of Eastern Idaho prior to the Fall of 2017 consists of solely CTE students. Beginning in the fall of 2017, these populations include academic and CTE students.

46 Higher Education

Community College Operating Budgets

The community college budget appropriated by the Legislature includes only the state support from the General Fund and an $800,000 statutory distribution of liquor funds, where each college receives $200,000. The Legislature does not appropriate local property tax revenues, student tuition & fees, county tuition, or other revenues.

Actual Actual Appropriated FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2019 College of Southern Idaho State General Fund $13,465,800 $14,105,800 $14,264,000 Property Tax 6,151,900 6,300,000 6,800,000 Tuition and Fees* 10,754,300 11,800,000 11,800,000 Other** 3,624,200 3,799,700 2,551,900 Total $33,996,200 $36,005,500 $35,415,900

College of Western Idaho State General Fund $11,668,200 $12,570,000 $13,938,900 Property Tax 6,560,100 7,601,700 8,079,600 Tuition and Fees* 21,640,700 21,561,200 21,387,100 Other** 1,014,300 1,311,100 1,348,000 Total $40,883,300 $43,044,000 $44,753,600

North Idaho College State General Fund $11,785,000 $12,725,100 $12,909,900 Property Tax 14,338,600 15,019,900 15,264,800 Tuition and Fees* 13,645,100 12,522,900 12,784,600 Other** 1,743,400 1,678,500 1,395,000 Total $41,512,100 $41,946,400 $42,354,300

Eastern Idaho College State General Fund $0 $0 $5,013,800 Property Tax 0 0 860,000 Tuition and Fees* 0 0 4,152,600 Other** 0 0 773,800 Total $0 $0 $10,800,200 *Includes Career Technical student fees and summer credit classes **Other funds include State Liquor Funds ($200,000 per institution), county tuition, and other miscellaneous revenues.

In May 2017, voters approved the creation of a taxing district to support the College of Eastern Idaho (CEI) in Idaho Falls. FY 2019 is first year that the Legislature appropriated to CEI, though property tax will be received until the summer of 2020.

Higher Education 47

Taxing Districts

Levy Rates, Property Valuations, and Taxes Charged

Levy Rate / $100,000 Total Tax Total Valuation Assessed Charged Value CSI 2012 $95.76 $5,365,295,851 $5,137,649 2013 $97.07 $5,508,098,852 $5,346,793 2014 $95.55 $5,763,316,656 $5,506,857 2015 $96.49 $5,958,786,059 $5,749,361 2016 $98.92 $6,102,259,644 $6,036,333 2017 $95.41 $6,619,641,360 $6,315,964

CWI 2012 $19.04 $31,243,847,551 $5,949,783 2013 $18.21 $34,311,112,262 $6,249,013 2014 $16.63 $39,451,900,388 $6,560,077 2015 $16.42 $42,282,915,154 $6,942,147 2016 $15.95 $47,177,822,649 $7,524,878 2017 $15.36 $51,085,954,861 $7,844,288

NIC 2012 $122.03 $11,200,581,030 $13,668,144 2013 $120.15 $11,472,122,065 $13,783,194 2014 $112.39 $12,359,983,215 $13,890,803 2015 $109.89 $13,087,893,022 $14,382,710 2016 $104.95 $14,026,088,304 $14,719,900 2017 $97.88 $15,340,157,680 $15,014,827

*Property taxes for the College of Eastern Idaho are not anticipated to be collected until July 2019.

48 Higher Education

Career Technical Education FY 2019 Total Appropriation: $75,963,200

Allocation of Postsecondary Appropriation ($ in millions)

Technical Colleges FY 2018 FY 2019 College of Eastern Idaho $7.79 6.89 College of Southern Idaho $7.13 7.32 College of Western Idaho $9.14 9.25 Idaho State University $12.10 12.34 Lewis-Clark State College $4.89 4.87 North Idaho College $5.46 5.64 Total $46.51 $46.31

50 Health & Human Services 11-year Appropriation Trend (in billions) 3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Medicaid All Other Services General Fund

• The Department of Health and Welfare accounts for 99.3% of all Health and Human Services appropriations. • Within the Department, Medicaid expenditures account for 79.7% of all Health and Human Services appropriations. • The next largest appropriation in FY 2019 was the Division of Welfare at 5.7% of all Health and Human Services appropriations. • The Public Health Districts have the largest appropriation outside of the Department of Health and Welfare at $10.2 million or 0.3% of all Health and Human Services appropriations. • The Catastrophic Health Care Program appropriation was reduced to $10 million for FY 2019, but is expected to be increased to about $21 million for FY 2020.

Health & Human Services 51

Original Appropriations FY 2018 FY 2019 % Chg ($ in millions) By Department or Division Catastrophic Health Care $18.0 $10.0 (44.4%) Health & Welfare 2,860.8 3,053.3 6.7% Child Welfare 69.5 76.9 10.7% Developmental Disabled 31.5 32.8 3.9% Independent Councils 9.1 9.1 0.0% Indirect Support Services 46.4 48.7 5.0% Medicaid 2,285.3 2,449.5 7.2% Mental Health Services 50.4 53.1 5.4% Psychiatric Hospitalization 38.7 38.8 0.4% Public Health Services 116.8 120.8 3.4% Service Integration 6.1 6.1 0.1% Substance Abuse 14.8 17.2 16.1% Welfare 172.3 175.0 1.6% Healthcare Policy Initiatives 12.9 17.9 38.7% Licensing and Certification 6.9 7.3 6.2% Public Health Districts 10.1 10.2 0.8% Independent Living Council 0.7 0.7 (5.8%) Total $2,889.6 $3,074.1 6.4%

By Fund Source General Fund $733.7 $784.9 7.0% Dedicated Funds $401.6 $382.1 (4.9%) Federal Funds $1,754.3 $1,907.2 8.7% Total $2,889.6 $3,074.1 6.4%

Totals May Not Add Due to Rounding

52 Health & Human Services Percentage of Population with Access to Primary Care

National 87.3% Wyoming 87.9% Washington 70.2% Utah 92.0% Oregon 88.2% Nevada 79.9% Montana 80.6% Idaho 84.0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Primary Care Providers per 100,000 Population 1,000 884 900 800 733 Idaho 700 600 National Rate 500 400 292 300 167 200 50 58 100 2.4 1.5 0 Physicians Registered Community Dentists 2017 2017 Nurses 2017 Hospitals 2015

• Idaho ranks 33rd of 50 for access to primary care with 16% of Idahoans not having access to primary care. • Idaho ranks last for the number of physicians per 100,000 people.

Source: State Rankings 2018, Morgan (CQ Press)

Health & Human Services 53 Idahoans Receiving Public Assistance In FY 2018, the Department of Health and Welfare’s Benefit Payments Program expended $89,075,000 for (1) cash payments to needy families, (2) childcare assistance payments to allow parents to work, and (3) food stamps. Medicaid trustee and benefit payments accounted for $2,255,047,700 of state expenditures in FY 2018.

Approximately 1 in 5 Idahoans (325,893) are receiving some form of public assistance.

18.3% of Region 14.8% of Region

24.7% of Region

Non-Public Idahoans Assistance Receiving Public 14.0% of Region Citizens, 81% Assistance, 19%

21.8% of Region

21.3% of Region

21.1% of Region

Region 1, Kootenai Co. Area Region 2, Nez Perce Co. Area Region 3, Canyon Co. Area Region 4, Ada Co. Area Region 5, Twin Falls Co. Area Region 6, Bannock Co. Area Region 7, Bonneville Co. Area Assistance by Program

Cash Note: Individuals Medicaid Payments may have 277,726 Received 60% 21,679 received support 5% in more than one program. Food Stamps Child Care 155,494 Assistance 33% 8,861 2%

Source: Idaho Department of Health and Welfare

54 Health & Human Services Department of Health and Welfare – Mental Health Spending $300,000,000

$250,000,000

$200,000,000

$150,000,000

$100,000,000

$50,000,000

$0 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 Medicaid Psychiatric Hospitalization Mental Health

Total mental health expenditures in the Department of Health and Welfare increased $55.3 million or 26% from 2013 to 2018. Expenditures in FY 2018 were $267,669,100. Suicide Prevention and Awareness Death Rate by Suicide per 100,000 People, 2015 National Avg 13.3 Wyoming 28.0 Washington 15.4 Utah 22.4 Oregon 17.8 Nevada 18.4 Montana 25.3 Idaho 22.1

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 In 2015, Idaho ranked 6th of 50 in death by suicide with 22.1 suicides per 100,000 people, whereas Wyoming ranked 1st of 50 with 28 suicides per 100,000 people and New York ranked 50th of 50 with 7.8 suicides per 100,000 people.

Source: State Rankings 2018, Morgan (CQ Press)

Health & Human Services 55 Catastrophic Health Care Program (CAT Fund) ($ in millions) $45 $40 $35 $30 $25 $20 $15 $10 $5 $0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Counties State

This program addresses the needs of the medically indigent who do not qualify for other state or federal health assistance programs, but do qualify for county assistance. Beginning July 1, 2009, the resident county is responsible for the first $11,000 in medical bills and the state is responsible for the remaining amounts.

State expenditures in this fund dropped significantly in 2013 and continued to decrease through 2017 for three primary reasons: • More Idahoans signing up for health insurance coverage • Medical reviews being done on all CAT Fund submissions • Full implementation of the dual-application for Indigence and Medicaid.

In 2018, state expenditures increased 62% from 2017 due to less people having insurance. Starting in 2019, the federal requirement to have insurance was removed. Expenditures are expected to continue to increase for both state and county indigent programs. Current estimates are an appropriation increase of about $12 million. Source: Idaho Association of Counties

56 Health & Human Services Health Insurance Exchange Information

2010: Congress passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA or ACA). 2013: Governor Otter proposed and sponsored legislation to have a state-based exchange. Legislature passed H248 creating the Your Health Idaho Exchange (YHI). Enrollment began, and more than 76,000 Idahoans enrolled in a health plan through the exchange. More than half of enrollments involved a licensed agent or broker. 2018: Individual mandate for insurance was repealed, effective in 2019.

YHI maintains operations with a 1.99% assessment fee on each premium; the federal exchange fee is 3.5% of each premium. As a result, through the end of 2017, Idahoans have saved $22 million due to the lower Idaho-based assessment fee.

Enrollment by Level

Level Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Bronze 11,745 16,900 21,717 22,335 35,136 Silver 54,720 61,677 65,153 62,972 41,521 Gold 7,251 5,970 7,176 3,359 8,388 Platinum 1,982 1,838 N/A N/A N/A Catastrophic 500 721 380 727 949 Dental N/A N/A N/A 4,935 6,074 Total 76,198 87,106 94,426 94,328 92,068

Insurance Carrier and Plan Information Number of Number of Plans Change From Insurance Carriers Offered Prior Year 2014 7 146 N/A 2015 9 198 36% 2016 9 211 7% 2017 8 225 7% 2018 7 299 33% Source: Your Health Idaho

58 Law & Justice 11-year Appropriation Trend (in millions) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

Adult Correction Juvenile Corrections Judicial Branch Idaho State Police General Fund

Adult Corrections: The Department of Correction is responsible for managing felony offenders in prison and on probation and parole. In addition, the Commission of Pardons and Parole supports the department's efforts to successfully reintegrate offenders into the community. Juvenile Corrections: The Department of Juvenile Corrections operates three juvenile correctional centers and works closely with county probation departments to provide accountability, community protection, and rehabilitation to justice-involved juveniles. Idaho State Police: The Idaho State Police provides law enforcement services to Idaho, including patrol, investigations, forensics, training, and support activities. Supreme Court: Idaho has a unified court system, in which all state courts are administered and supervised by the Idaho Supreme Court. The Court establishes statewide rules and policies for its operation and that of the district courts.

Law & Justice 59 FY FY Original Appropriations 2018 2019 % Chg ($ in millions) By Department or Division Correction Dept. 247.1 275.7 11.5% Management Services 15.8 22.9 45.2% State Prisons 119.7 120.7 0.8% County & Out-of-State 11.5 24.8 116.7% Corr. Alternative Placement 9.8 10.0 1.9% Community Corrections 33.7 34.1 1.4% Education & Treatment 9.7 9.9 1.9% Medical Services 43.7 49.8 14.1% Pardons and Parole Com. 3.3 3.4 2.1% Judicial Branch 72.4 73.7 1.9% Juvenile Corrections 52.8 52.1 (1.3%) State Police 78.1 84.1 7.7% Brand Inspection 3.1 3.1 1.1% Police, Division of State 69.7 75.8 8.7% POST Academy 4.7 4.8 2.7% Racing Commission 0.7 0.4 (34.2%) Total 450.4 485.6 7.8%

By Fund Source General Fund 340.7 362.3 6.3% Dedicated Funds 95.1 108.2 13.8% Federal Funds 14.6 15.0 3.1% Total 450.4 485.6 7.8%

Totals May Not Add Due to Rounding

60 Law & Justice 2016 State Imprisonment & Crime Rates Comparison of Idaho's Imprisonment & Crime Rates to Adjacent States and the Nation

Number of State State Peace Imprisonment Crime Rate Western States Officers Rate per per 100,000 Per 10,000 100,000 Pop Pop Pop

Idaho 435 1,963 17 Regional Rank* 2 7 2 Montana 364 3,036 17 Regional Rank 5 5 2 Nevada 460 3,249 17 Regional Rank 1 2 2 Oregon 367 3,217 15 Regional Rank 4 3 5 Utah 201 3,181 14 Regional Rank 7 4 6 Washington 259 3,785 14 Regional Rank 6 1 6 Wyoming 406 2,192 25 Regional Rank 3 6 1 U.S. Rate 397 2,836 22

*Regional Ranking is from high to low with one being the highest and seven being the lowest. Note: Imprisonment rate is the final count of prisoners under the jurisdiction of state and federal correctional authorities as of December 31, 2016 with a sentence of more than one year per 100,000 residents.

Source: O'Leary Morgan, Kathleen and Morgan, Scott. State Rankings 2018: A Statistical View of America.

Law & Justice 61 IDOC Populations: FYs 2014-2018 Community & Incarcerated

The total offender population increased by 12.5% from 21,646 at the beginning of FY 2014 to 24,355 at the end of FY 2018. The incarcerated population increased by 5.3% from 8,213 to 8,644. The community population increased by 17.0% from 13,433 to 15,711.

Source: IDOC Evaluation and Compliance

62 Natural Resources 11-Year Appropriation Trends (in millions) 350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Environmental Quality Fish & Game Land Board Water Resources Parks & Recreation General Fund

Over the eleven-year period from FY 2009 to FY 2019, the Natural Resources functional area grew by $56.2 million, or 22%.

Concurrently, General Fund support decreased 10.2% from $55.9 million in FY 2009 to $50.2 million in FY 2019.

The Natural Resources functional area increased by $10.1 million or 3.4% from FY 2018 to FY 2019. The entire state budget increased $417.3 million or 5.3%.

For FY 2019, the Natural Resources functional area accounted for 1.4% of the General Fund appropriation and 3.7% of the $8.3 billion all funds appropriation.

Natural Resources 63

Original Appropriations FY 2018 FY 2019 % Chg ($ in millions) By Department or Division Environmental Quality $67.9 $67 (1.3%) Fish & Game 108.1 112.7 4.3% Land Board 55.5 60.1 8.3% Investment Board 0.8 0.7 (4.1%) Lands 54.7 59.4 8.5% Parks & Recreation 43.5 45.5 4.6% Parks & Recreation 41.2 43.2 4.8% Lava Hot Springs 2.3 2.3 0.9% Water Resources 26.6 26.5 (0.4%) Total $301.6 $311.7 3.3%

By Fund Source General Fund 48.3 50.2 3.9% Dedicated Funds 152.4 165.4 8.5% Federal Funds 100.8 96.2 (4.6%) Total $301.6 $311.7 3.3%

Totals May Not Add Due to Rounding

The Department of Environmental Quality budget decreased 1.3% from FY 2018 to FY 2019 largely due to the removal of federal fund appropriations in excess of federal receipts.

The Endowment Fund Investment Board budget decreased 4.1% from FY 2018 to FY 2019 due in part to the removal of onetime costs to hire a new investment manager.

The Department of Lands budget increased 8.5% from FY 2018 to FY 2019 due, in part, to added funding through the Good Neighbor Authority allowing the state to manage federal lands.

64 Natural Resources Idaho Land Ownership Map

Map Source: Idaho Department of Lands Idaho’s endowment lands, in blue, comprise 2.5 million acres or about 5% of Idaho’s 53 million acres. Private lands, in white, represent about 31% of Idaho’s area.

Natural Resources 65 Idaho Land Ownership

Description Acres % of Total Federal Land 33,412,277 63.1% BLM 11,836,481 22.3% USFS 20,458,276 38.6% Other 1,117,520 2.1% State Land 2,693,260 5.1% Endowments 2,458,405 4.6% Fish & Game 187,769 0.4% Parks & Recreation 38,407 0.1% U of I Board of Regents 8,679 0.0% Private Land 16,271,679 30.7% Tribal Land 464,077 0.9% County Land 96,311 0.2% Municipal Land 22,972 0.0% Total 52,960,576 100.0%

Idaho is the 14th largest state by total area. Idaho ranks 11th largest for land area after excluding over 500,000 acres of lakes, reservoirs, and rivers.

Barren, Forest Wetland, 39% Urban, Tundra 5% Agricultural Rangeland 15% 41%

66 Natural Resources Federal Land Ownership by County (in acres) Local Gov, County Federal % State & Tribal Private T otal Cust er 2,937,675 93% 56,206 158,503 3,152,384 Lemhi 2,648,258 91% 39,705 233,189 2,921,152 Valley 2,063,164 88% 69,733 221,151 2,354,048 Butte 1,229,906 86% 15,639 183,511 1,429,056 Idaho 4,523,385 83% 85,983 821,160 5,430,528 Blaine 1,314,806 78% 65,429 312,501 1,692,736 Owyhee 3,727,155 76% 474,728 712,293 4,914,176 Lincoln 584,486 76% 22,998 164,100 771,584 Shoshone 1,255,653 74% 60,041 370,066 1,685,760 Boise 900,540 74% 89,738 227,322 1,217,600 Elmore 1,327,041 67% 120,397 522,354 1,969,792 Clark 747,690 66% 80,905 300,813 1,129,408 Camas 445,876 65% 27,143 214,981 688,000 Adams 565,066 65% 39,769 268,573 873,408 Boundary 495,219 61% 108,775 208,038 812,032 Fremont 708,023 59% 116,413 370,316 1,194,752 Cassia 925,150 56% 54,066 663,408 1,642,624 Clearwater 841,755 53% 244,332 489,337 1,575,424 Oneida 409,305 53% 13,048 345,903 768,256 Bonneville 623,145 52% 59,641 513,118 1,195,904 Twin Falls 640,399 52% 33,541 558,124 1,232,064 Gooding 237,503 51% 20,971 209,238 467,712 Jefferson 328,226 47% 29,471 343,168 700,864 Bear Lake 287,994 46% 19,187 314,515 621,696 Bonner 492,593 44% 178,691 440,780 1,112,064 Caribou 447,779 40% 132,004 550,521 1,130,304 Gem 135,009 37% 22,230 202,825 360,064 W ashington 345,204 37% 75,077 511,815 932,096 Minidoka 174,649 36% 11,118 300,441 486,208 Power 300,239 33% 106,549 492,860 899,648 Teton 95,131 33% 1,850 191,275 288,256 Franklin 139,255 33% 13,299 273,366 425,920 Kootenai 254,276 32% 60,624 482,028 796,928 Bannock 221,402 31% 108,668 382,378 712,448 Bingham 392,484 29% 280,457 667,731 1,340,672 Ada 196,633 29% 55,030 423,537 675,200 Payette 66,136 25% 10,804 183,860 260,800 Jerome 96,510 25% 10,471 276,955 383,936 Madison 63,519 21% 24,212 214,093 301,824 Latah 112,791 16% 43,602 532,695 689,088 Benewah 48,887 10% 70,842 376,911 496,640 Nez Perce 33,771 6% 96,596 413,057 543,424 Canyon 20,486 5% 3,750 353,236 377,472 Lewis 8,104 3% 22,886 275,634 306,624

T otal 33,412,277 63% 3,276,619 16,271,680 52,960,576

Natural Resources 67 Federal Land Ownership by State (millions of acres) Federal % of Total Acres % of (Excludes water area) Acreage Federal in State State Nevada 55.9 9.0% 70.3 79.6% Utah 33.3 5.4% 52.7 63.1% Idaho 32.6 5.2% 52.9 61.6% Alaska 224.1 36.1% 365.5 61.3% Oregon 32.6 5.3% 61.6 53.0% Wyoming 30.2 4.9% 62.3 48.4% California 46.0 7.4% 100.2 45.9% Arizona 28.1 4.5% 72.7 38.7% Colorado 23.8 3.8% 66.5 35.9% New Mexico 27.5 4.4% 77.8 35.4% Montana 27.0 4.4% 93.3 29.0% Washington 12.2 2.0% 42.7 28.6% Other States & D.C. 48.0 7.7% 1,152.9 4.2% Total 621.5 100.0% 2,271.3 27.4%

• The table above excludes 5-10 million acres owned by the Department of Energy, Bureau of Reclamation, Agricultural Research Service, and other federal landowners. • The federal government owns about 28% of the land in the United States, a decrease of 3.9% since 1990. • Of all federal land ownership nationwide, the Bureau of Land Management owns 40%, the Forest Service owns 31%, the Fish and Wildlife Service owns 14%, the National Park Service owns 13%, and the Department of Defense owns 2%. • Federal land ownership is concentrated in the West with 36.1% of all federal lands located in Alaska, 46.4% in the 11 western states and 7.7% in the remaining 38 states and the District of Columbia. “This western concentration has contributed to a higher degree of controversy over land ownership and use in that part of the country.”

Source: Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data, March 2017, Congressional Research Service (CRS).

68 Natural Resources

Idaho Fish and Game License and Tag Sales Number Sold Change % Description FY 2017 FY 2018 17 to 18 Change Resident Combination 144,808 139,279 (5,529) -3.8% Resident Sportsman Package 21,434 21,770 336 1.6% Resident Season Fishing 132,849 146,216 13,367 10.1% Resident Short Term Fishing 6,928 8,620 1,692 24.4% Resident Hunting 60,079 57,759 (2,320) -3.9% Total Resident Licenses 366,098 373,644 7,546 2.1% Non-resident Combination 2,258 2,445 187 8.3% Non-resident Season Fishing 23,923 25,528 1,605 6.7% Non-resident Short Term Fishing 132,916 139,431 6,515 4.9% Non-resident Hunting * 44,368 47,584 3,216 7.2% Total Nonresident Licenses 203,465 214,988 11,523 5.7% Resident Tags 247,675 237,557 (10,118) -4.1% Resident Tags -Sportsman Pack** 121,829 124,790 2,961 2.4% Non-Resident Tags 49,360 53,413 4,053 8.2% Miscellaneous Permits 214,482 230,277 15,795 7.4% Misc. Permits in Sportsman Pack** 80,754 81,975 1,221 1.5% Misc. Permit issued at $0*** 113,435 93,608 (19,827) -17.5% Access Depredation Fee * 136,088 415,516 279,428 205.3% Eff 5/1/17 Controlled Hunt Applications 218,207 221,806 3,599 1.6% Total Tags, Permits, and Misc. 1,181,830 1,458,942 277,112 23.4% Total Licenses, Tags, & Permits 1,751,393 2,047,574 296,181 16.9%

* Includes all hunting licenses (Big Game, Small Game, Nongame, and Shooting Preserve) ** Fees were collected in the sale of the sportsman package license sale. *** includes automatically generated purchase records where no funding goes to IDFG, such as handicapped permits

From FY 2017 to FY 2018, Fish and Game resident license sales increased by 7,546 units or 2.1%, and nonresident license sales increased by 11,523 or 5.7%.

Overall sales of licenses, tags and permits were up 296,181 units or 16.9% from FY 2017 to FY 2018, primarily due to the Access Depredation Permit, which started 5/1/17. This permit was created to provide a new funding mechanism to pay for depredation programs such as crops damage reimbursement and purchase access for sportsmen through easements on public and private land.

Natural Resources 69 Fish and Game Receipts ($ in millions) Description FY 2017 FY 2018 Change % Actual Actual 17 to 18 Change Fish and Game Fund Licenses & Permits $41.090 $42.122 $1.033 2.5% Federal Reimburs. $44.868 $43.458 ($1.410) (3.1%) Priv. & Loc. Reimburs. 7.745 9.239 1.495 19.3% Priv. & Loc. Trusts 2.185 1.063 (1.122) (51.4%) Big Game Depred. 0.074 0.057 (0.017) (23.5%) Miscellaneous Income 1.406 1.726 0.319 22.7% Total Fish & Game: $97.368 $97.666 $0.297 0.3% Set-Aside Funds: Habitat Acq. & Devel. $0.456 $0.486 $0.031 6.8% Salmon & Steelhead Tag 0.250 0.389 0.140 56.1% Winter Feed/Hab. Impr. 0.436 0.915 0.479 110.0% Non-game Programs 0.017 0.016 (0.001) (8.1%) Meat Proc. Charges 0.022 0.014 (0.008) (35.4%) License Endorsement Fee 0.393 2.204 1.811 461.1% Adjustments (0.000) 0.004 0.004 Total Set-Aside: $1.572 $4.029 $2.457 156.2% Grand Total $98.941 $101.694 $2.754 2.8% Fish and Game revenue from Licenses and Permits was up $1.03 million, or 2.5%, from FY 2017 to FY 2018 and federal reimbursements decreased by $1.41 million, or 3.1%.

Private and local reimbursements increased 19.3% from FY 2017 to FY 2018, compared to a decrease of 5.1% from FY 2016 to FY 2017. This includes money received for specific projects per contracts or agreements, such as mitigation funds from Idaho Power, pass- through monies from the Office of Species Conservation, and certain fines.

Set-aside receipts increased 156.2%. These monies are earmarked by statute for specific purposes. This large increase was primarily driven by license endorsements established in H230 of 2017 to fund depredation and sportsman access programs.

70 Natural Resources 2018 Resident Cost to Hunt (Includes licenses, tags, application and vendor fees) Pronghorn

Rank Deer Elk Sheep Antelope

1 $34.00 MT $38.00 MT $153.00 MT $37.00 MT

2 $37.50 ID $48.50 ID $172.50 WY $41.00 C O 3 $41.00 CO $50.40 WA $173.00 NV $55.25 ID 4 $44.90 WA $56.00 CO $179.00 NM $57.50 WY 5 $45.50 ID $57.50 ID $179.50 OR $63.50 ID

6 $60.00 NM $77.50 WY $201.25 ID $79.00 NM 7 $61.00 OR $81.50 OR $237.25 ID $91.50 OR 8 $62.50 WY $84.00 UT $264.00 CO $99.00 UT 9 $74.00 UT $109.00 NM $332.00 WA $113.00 NV

10 $80.23 CA $178.00 NV $350.00 AZ $140.00 AZ

11 $83.00 NV $185.00 AZ $497.37 CA $210.65 CA

12 $95.00 AZ $515.72 CA $557.00 UT NA WA

Av $59.89 $123.43 $274.66 $89.76 Highlighted costs are "Price Locked";

unhighlighted Idaho costs are 2018 prices

2018 Non-Resident Cost to Hunt (Includes licenses, tags, application and vendor fees) Pronghorn Deer Elk Sheep Antelope

1 $333.00 UT $458.00 UT $1,325.00 MT $230.00 MT 2 $352.00 NM $497.00 WA $1,371.50 NV $352.00 NM 3 $404.50 WY $581.50 ID $1,593.00 UT $356.50 WY 4 $406.00 CO $617.00 NM $1,644.50 OR $368.00 UT 5 $411.50 NV $671.00 CO $1,652.00 WA $406.00 CO 6 $434.30 WA $722.50 WY $1,810.08 CA $471.50 NV 7 $453.50 CA $738.00 OR $1,975.00 AZ $491.25 ID 8 $466.50 ID $825.00 AZ $2,224.00 CO $559.00 OR 9 $475.00 AZ $885.00 MT $2,308.25 ID $650.08 CA

10 $597.50 OR $1,376.50 NV $2,350.50 WY $725.00 AZ

11 $625.00 MT $1,581.73 CA $3,242.00 NM N/A WA

Av $450.80 $813.93 $1,954.17 $460.93 Source: Idaho Department of Fish and Game Survey

Natural Resources 71

2018 Resident Cost to Fish

Rank State License 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day

1 New Mexico $29.00 $16.00

2 Washington $29.50 $11.35 $15.75 $19.05 3 Idaho $30.75 $11.50 $16.50 $21.50 4 Montana $31.00 $15.00 5 Utah $34.00 $16.00 6 Idaho $35.50 $13.50 $19.50 $25.50 7 Colorado $36.00 $9.00 $14.00 $19.00 8 Arizona $37.00 $15.00 $30.00 9 Nevada $40.00 $9.00 $12.00 $15.00 10 Oregon $41.00 $21.00 $38.00 11 Wyoming $42.50 $6.00 $12.00 $18.00 12 California $48.34 $15.69 $24.33 Average $36.22 $12.80 $19.71 $19.15 Highlighted costs are "Price Locked"; unhighlighted Idaho costs are 2018 prices

2018 Non-Resident Cost to Fish

Rank State License 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day

1 Arizona $55.00 $20.00 $40.00 2 New Mexico $60.00 $16.00 3 Colorado $66.00 $9.00 $14.00 $19.00 4 Utah $75.00 $24.00 5 Nevada $80.00 $18.00 $25.00 $32.00 6 Washington $84.50 $20.15 $28.95 $35.55 7 Oregon $103.50 $21.00 $38.00 $54.50 8 Idaho $108.25 $12.75 $18.75 $24.75 9 Montana $111.00 $50.00 10 Wyoming $117.50 $14.00 $28.00 $42.00 11 California $130.42 $15.69 $24.33 Average $90.11 $16.29 $29.67 $33.11

Source: Idaho Department of Fish and Game Survey

72 Natural Resources State Park Self-Support Index and Visitor Spending FY 2018 FY 2018 Self- Total % Total Visitor Park State Park Park Support Visitors Change Spending Operating Expend. Revenues Percent CY 2017 vs 2016 CY 2016 Bear Lake $333,096 $307,298 92.3% 175,160 7.6% $3,451,000 Bruneau 375,229 355,225 94.7% 101,290 16.4% 2,382,000 Dunes City of Rocks 850,961 882,093 103.7% 511,639 18.7% 11,237,000 /Castle Rocks CdA Lake 90,380 19,007 21.0% 455,377 87.4% 2,709,000 Pkwy Dworshak 380,018 328,746 86.5% 95,702 -1.2% 2,967,000 Eagle Island 338,715 269,461 79.6% 345,917 -15.3% 5,262,000 Farragut 979,804 1,253,766 128.0% 507,362 0.2% 12,814,000 Harriman 546,555 498,331 91.2% 88,243 -25.5% 9,280,000 Hells Gate 535,971 555,205 103.6% 276,319 1.5% 6,941,000 Henrys Lake 158,910 320,659 201.8% 138,158 0.1% 4,246,000 Heyburn 695,959 1,005,474 144.5% 195,559 -8.0% 6,197,000 Lake 682,560 732,673 107.3% 662,918 63.0% 11,048,000 Cascade Lake Walcott 211,662 196,482 92.8% 71,644 -2.5% 1,029,000 Land of the 313,557 38,751 12.4% 42,191 0.2% 959,000 Yankee Fork Lucky Peak 488,655 401,521 82.2% 831,361 13.3% 12,490,000 Massacre 252,407 122,613 48.6% 38,936 1.4% 735,000 Rocks McCroskey 53,574 14,834 27.7% n/a n/a n/a Mesa Falls 38,643 40,340 104.4% 174,592 -0.5% n/a Old Mission 273,392 102,658 37.5% 86,729 -4.6% 771,000 Ponderosa 700,364 928,593 132.6% 462,752 6.5% 15,911,000 Priest Lake 656,500 863,641 131.6% 184,178 3.7% 5,302,000 Round Lake 231,681 191,832 82.8% 100,115 -3.9% 2,102,000 Thousand 278,652 174,572 62.6% 185,726 19.5% 1,459,000 Springs Three Island 393,373 440,913 112.1% 133,353 -0.6% 4,231,000 Trail of the Coeur 106,273 144,698 136.2% 53,619 -4.2% 566,000 d'Alenes Winchester 237,549 184,553 77.7% 134,356 3.3% 2,101,000 $ $10,204,4 $10,373,9 6,053,19 Subtotal 101.7% 11.5% 126,190,00 38 39 6 0 Capital Repair/ 2,782,194 Maintenance Passport 2,276,400 Revenue $12,986,6 $12,650,3 Total 97.4% 32 39

Total Visitor Spending is calculated using the “Economic Impact and Importance of State Parks in Idaho: a Park-Level Study” created by Boise State University, January 2018. This analysis did not include McCroskey or Mesa Falls Parks.

Natural Resources 73

Parks & Recreation Facts and Figures 1. State Park Revenue Details - FY18 % Chg Non-Resident Visitors - 29% 1,758,872 13% Resident Visitors - 71% 4,294,324 8% Dedicated Fund Revenue $ 10,373,900 3% Passport Revenue $ 2,276,400 20% (Gross of fees & tax) Total Expenditures $ 12,986,633 16% (includes Capital)

Self-Support Percent 97.4% General Fund Support $ 2,619,800 0% Capital Repair and Maintenance $ 2,782,194 22% 2. Recreation Users by Registration Type - CY17 Boat Registrations 85,180 -4% Snowmobile Registrations 39,491 -3% Motorbikes, ATVs, UTVs Registrations 157,393 -1% Recreational Vehicle Registrations 114,490 5% Cross-country Ski Permits 1,916 -25% 3. Recreational Funds to Public Agencies - FY18 Recreational Vehicle Fund Grants $ 3,922,797 20% Waterway Improvement $ 1,207,567 6% Fund Grants State and Federal Trails Programs $ 2,926,782 45% County Boating Programs $ 2,381,812 9% Federal Boating Safety Grants $ 630,000 10% County Snow Grooming Programs $ 1,014,628 8%

Trout License Plate Grants* $ - 4. Park Land and Facilities - FY18 Number of State Parks/Trails 30 Number of Acres in the Park System 60,167 Number of Structures Maintained 556 *IDPR allows these funds to accumulate over a few years to increase the scope of projects rather than providing small grants every year

74 Natural Resources

Idaho Water Facts Water Surface Area 880 square miles or 1.1% of the state Number of Lakes More than 2,000 Largest Lake Pend Oreille - 158 square miles Deepest Lake Pend Oreille - more than 1,100 feet Miles Streams & Rivers 93,000 miles Longest River Snake River - 779 miles Highest W aterfall Big Fiddler Crk, S Fork Boise River - 600 ft Annual Precipitation Varies from 10 to 50 inches Annual Inflows/Outflows About 37 million/75 million acre-feet Reservoir Storage 12,384,000 acre-feet Water Conversion Factors 1 acre 43,560 square feet (208.71 ft x 208.71 ft) 1 acre-foot 325,850 gallons 646,315 gallons per day or 1 cubic ft per sec 1.9835 acre-feet per day, 724 AF/year Ex @ $.01/100 gal $32.59 per acre foot or $23,595 per cfs/yr Source: Idaho Department of Water Resources Water Withdrawals Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2015 Used in Idaho in 2015 Acre-Feet/Yr MG/D Percent Irrigation 17,108,010 15,273.0 86.3% Aquaculture 2,201,089 1,965.0 11.1% Public Supply 309,161 276.0 1.6% Domestic Self-Supply 78,410 70.0 0.4% Industrial and Mining 79,284 70.8 0.4% Livestock 57,128 51.0 0.3% TOTAL W ATER USE 19,833,082 17,705.8 100.0% Source: USGS Idaho Water Use, 2015 http://www.usgs.gov Idaho households had the highest average per capita domestic water use in the nation at 184 gallons per person, per day. The 2015 statewide average was 102 gallons higher per person per day than the national average. Domestic per capita water use was at or below the national average in only five counties: Bear Lake, Bingham, Bonner, Boundary, and Gem counties.

Natural Resources 75

In 2015, Idaho water users agreed to a landmark settlement to halt the Eastern Snake Plane Aquifer (ESPA) decline and preempt water delivery calls against junior rights holders. Water users agreed to shorten irrigation seasons and limit well draws, totaling 240,000 acre-feet yearly. The Idaho Dept. of Water Resources would also oversee a yearly recharge goal of 250,000 acre-feet of water to return to an average of 1991- 2000 levels by 2026. Above: the overall aquifer level (in feet) above or below the 2026 target as sampled from 19 sentinel wells. Below: the length of recharge season and costs paid to canal companies for conveying water to recharge sites.

Eastern Snake River Aquifer Recharge Recharge Volume Conveyance Season (Acre Feet) Days Run Cost 2014/2015 75,505 149 $479,338 2015/2016 66,897 161 $455,803 2017/2018 317,714 250 $2,462,906 2018/2019 535,991 298 $4,488,007 Source: Idaho Department of Water Resources

76 Natural Resources

Natural Resource

Administrative Regions

1. Panhandle 2. Clearwater 3. Southwest 4. Magic Valley 5. Southeast 6. Upper Snake 7. Salmon (IDFG)

Excluding Fish and Game (IDFG), natural resource agencies use the six-region system for administration. IDFG splits out Lemhi and Custer counties to form a seventh region.

Economic Development 77 Annual Original Appropriations FY 2018 FY 2019 % Chg (in millions) By Department or Division Agriculture $48.1 $48.1 0.2% Agriculture Department 44.9 44.8 (0.3%) Soil & Water Conservation Com. 3.1 3.3 6.4% Commerce Department 38.8 42.3 9.0% Finance 8.4 8.6 3.5% Industrial Commission 16.9 17.5 3.7% Insurance, Department 9.7 10.2 5.4% Labor Department 97.8 88.3 (9.7%) Public Utilities Commission 6.6 6.7 1.7% Self-Governing Agencies 102.5 92.6 (9.6%) Building Safety, Division of 14.0 14.3 2.2% Hispanic Commission 0.3 0.3 6.1% Historical Society 8.1 7.5 (6.5%) Libraries, Commission of 5.8 5.9 2.6% Lottery, State 6.2 6.1 (2.1%) Medical Boards 6.7 6.5 (4.1%) Public Defense Commission 5.8 5.8 (0.2%) Regulatory Boards 8.1 9.0 11.1% State Appellate Pub. Defend. 2.9 2.9 2.0% Veterans Services 44.6 34.2 (23.2%) Transportation Department 665.2 700.8 5.4% Total $993.8 $1,015.2 2.1%

By Fund Source General Fund $39.0 $39.5 1.4% Dedicated Funds 518.8 543.2 4.7% Federal Funds 436.1 432.4 (0.8%) Total $993.8 $1,015.2 2.1%

Totals May Not Add Due to Rounding

78 Economic Development Legislation with Fiscal Impact Idaho Transportation Department

H547, 2014: Provides $4.7 million annually from cigarette tax revenue for the purpose of paying the state match required for federal Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicle (GARVEE) debt obligations.

H312, 2015: Increased registration fees by $21 for personal vehicles and $25 for commercial vehicles. Increased the motor fuels tax from 25 cents to 32 cents per gallon. These collections are subject to a 60/40 split between ITD’s Highway Account and Local Highway jurisdictions to be used exclusively for maintenance of roads and bridges. The bill also created the Strategic Initiatives Program (SIP) and the General Fund Surplus Eliminator which provides any unrecognized General Fund monies to be split 50/50 between the Budget Stabilization Fund and the SIP. This was due to sunset May 31, 2017, but was extended two years pursuant to S1206 during the 2017 Legislative session.

S1206, 2017: Approved bonding authority for the issuance of GARVEE bonds up to $300 million to finance new construction of highway transportation projects listed in Section 40-315, Idaho Code. Extended the General Fund Surplus Eliminator for two years with a sunset date of May 31, 2019. There is a still a 50/50 split between the Budget Stabilization Fund and the SIP with a 60/40 split of the SIP going to ITD and the local units of government, respectively.

The Transportation Expansion and Congestion Mitigation Program Fund was created, funded by 1% of sales tax distributed annually and is an apportionment of the Cigarette Tax distribution.

H599, 2018: Repealed the law that allowed courts to report unpaid citations and ITD to suspend a license for failure to appear or pay fines. This could reduce the amount of revenue ITD will receive.

Economic Development 79 Idaho Transportation Department 11 - Year Appropriation Trend (in millions)

$800

$700

$600

$500

$400

$300

$200

$100

$-

Dedicated Federal GARVEE ARRA

ITD’s appropriation peaked in FY 2012 due to $56.4 million of American Recovery & Reinvestment Act Funds (federal stimulus funds). In FY 2018, an additional $300 million was authorized in GARVEE spending.

For FY 2019, dedicated funds were the highest they had been in ten years. Recent increases in the gas tax and registration fees have helped ensure additional resources for maintenance of Idaho’s highway system and bridges.

80 Economic Development

Idaho Transportation Department FY 2019 Original Appropriation $700,814,600

Aeronautics $5.4

Contract Construction $431.6

Capital Facilities $3.6

Hwy Operations $194.2

Motor Vehicles $37.6

Administration $28.5

$0 $400

Millions

Trustee & Benefit 3% Personnel 19%

Operating 15% Capital Outlay 63%

Totals May Not Add Due to Rounding

Economic Development 81

Idaho Transportation Trend Indicators Percent Avg Actual Total 10 Annual Numbers Year Growth for Trend Indicator During 2017 Growth 2007 - 2017

Annual Vehicle 17,300,703,167 9.2% 0.9% Miles Traveled

Passenger Cars 1,372,988 9.4% 0.9% Registered

Drivers Licenses in 1,208,319 17.6% 1.8% Force Population 1,716,943 67.7% 6.8% Gallons of Highway Fuel 1,023,172,405 7.4% 0.7% Consumed* *Includes gasoline, diesel, and other highway fuels.

Idaho’s gas tax is 32 cents per gallon; federal fuel tax is 18.4 cents per gallon and was last increased in 1993.

There is also a 1 cent per gallon transfer fee that is used to fund the Petroleum Clean Water Trust Fund.

Not all fuel uses are taxed, including stationary engines, off- road equipment, furnaces, and commercial motor boats. Any person or business purchasing 50 gallons or more of taxable fuel for a non-taxed purpose can claim a refund from the Tax Commission.

Annual registration fees for passenger vehicles range from $45 to $69, depending on the age of the vehicle. An EMS Service fee of $1.25 is added to all registrations. Vehicles registered in Ada County require an additional fee ranging from $24 to $40. County administrative charges may also apply.

The statewide motorcycle registration fee is $19, plus an additional $8 in Ada County.

82 Economic Development FY 2018 State & Local Transportation Revenues (in $ millions) County Hwy Description State a b Dist Cities Total Federal Receipts 294.7 8.8 15.3 14.6 333.4 Administered by ITD Secure Rural 4.8 3.4 0.0 8.2 Schools f Other Federal 1.0 1.5 5.3 7.8 Receipts f Hwy Distribution 208.2 44.6 49.4 40.3 342.5 Acct e User Funds to State 66.6 66.6 Hwy Account HB 312 Revenue c, e 65.4 14.0 15.5 12.6 107.5 Other State Sources 1.5 5.9 7.5 14.9 Property Tax 21.9 82.3 23.7 127.9 Other Local Sources 43.5 6.1 55.6 105.2 Transportation Expansion and 22.7 22.7 Congestion Mitigation (TECM) g Subtotal 657.6 140.1 179.4 159.6 1,136.7 % of Subtotal 57.9% 12.3% 15.8% 14.0% 100.0% Strategic Initiatives 36.2 24.1 60.3 Program Fund d % of SIPF fund 60.0% 40.0% 100.0% Revenues reported are for surface transportation programs, only. Does not include revenues for non-surface transportation (aeronautics, behavioral safety, transit, etc.). a Amounts to the state reflect actual FY 2017 receipts to the State Highway Fund. b Includes only counties that maintain roads and streets. c H312 (2015) raised fuel taxes and registration fees effective July 1, 2015. d Pursuant to S1206 (2017), 60% to ITD and 40% to local units of gov. Allocations among locals is undetermined as of July 30th, 2018. e Local Entities information from actual FY 2017 distribution. f Local Entities information obtained from FY16 Annual Road and Street Financial Reports. g Revenue from 1% of Sales Tax Revenue after revenue sharing with locals and Cigarette Tax distribution.

Economic Development 83 GARVEE and Transportation Comparison

The Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicle (GARVEE) Transportation Program is a debt-financing mechanism that permits states to accelerate highway construction projects by selling bonds. In Idaho’s case, the bonds are secured solely by future federal funds. However, the bonds are paid back with a combination of federal appropriations and state matching funds.

The 2017 Legislature approved an additional $300 million in bonding authority to advance infrastructure projects selected by the Idaho Transportation Board. As of July 2018, no additional bonds have been issued. Once issued, the additional bonding amount will add approximately $24 million annually to the debt service amount.

Debt service on the total amount bonded to date of $857 million is approximately $56 million per year ($52 million federal share and $4 million state matching funds). The overall weighted average cost of debt is now just under 4%. The current outstanding bonds are scheduled to be paid off in FY 2032.

Surrounding State Comparison NOTES: -Registration fees are the cost to register a 2007 Toyota Camry in the county seat of each state's most populous county.

-Fuel Tax Source: American Petroleum Institute, 2018

-Some surrounding states have additional funding sources such as general funds, extraction taxes, local option taxes, gross-vehicle- weight fees, rental car taxes, toll taxes, royalties, severance taxes, etc.

84 Economic Development FY 2017 Distribution of Lottery Revenues Total = $240,814,100

Other Costs Vendor/Ticket Advertising $1.8M Costs $3.4M Charter $9.8M Commissions Salaries Schools Carryover $14.1M and $1.3M $.1M Benefits $3.M Public Schools $16.8M Bond Levy Dividend Equalization Prizes $48.5M $160.3M $12.1M

Permanent Building Fund $18.2M State lottery revenues are derived from the sale of lottery tickets and deposited into the State Lottery Fund. Funds are used to pay agency administrative costs, as well as other expenditures under continuous appropriation, including prizes, retailer commissions, advertising and promotional costs, and gaming supplier vendor fees.

Per Section 67-7434, Idaho Code, a lottery dividend must be paid annually from net income of lottery ticket sales. Net income is distributed as follows: one-fourth to the Bond Levy Equalization Fund; three-eighths to the Permanent Building Fund; and three-eighths to the School District Building Fund. In FY 2017, the total dividend was $48,500,000, which was distributed in FY 2018. The FY 2018 School District Building appropriation was set at $18,075,000, resulting in a cash balance of $112,500 carried forward into FY 2019.

86 General Government 11-Year Appropriation Trends Selected Agencies (in millions) 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Administration Revenue & Taxation Elected Officials All Other General Fund

In FY 2018, in conjunction with the purchase of the Hewlett Packard Campus, H315 authorized the Department of Administration to authorize the Division of Public Works to enter into lease with existing tenants at the HP Campus. An increase in appropriation of $5.5 million was given to the department for campus maintenance, which was to be paid through lease fees collected from tenants other than state agencies.

General Government 87

FY FY Original Appropriations 2018 2019 % Chg By Department or Division ($ in millions) Administration, Dept. $114.0 $115.7 1.5% Administration, Dept. 27.9 23.7 -15.1% Capitol Commission 2.3 2.3 0.0% Bond Payments 12.3 11.9 -3.5% Permanent Building Fund 71.4 77.8 8.9% Attorney General 24.7 25.3 2.4% Controller, State 16.2 18.8 16.5% Governor, Office of the 173.2 201.1 16.1% Aging, Commission on 12.6 13.6 8% Arts, Commission on the 2.0 2.0 1.7% Blind and Visually Impaired 5.0 5.0 0.0% Drug Policy, Office of 4.9 4.8 -1.1% Energy Resource, Office of 1.3 1.3 0.6% Financial Management, Div. 1.9 2.0 1.6% Governor, Executive Office 2.3 2.4 3.4% Human Resources, Div. 2.3 2.2 -4.4% Liquor Division 20.2 21.4 6.2% Military Division 92.1 105.0 14.0% Public Empl. Retire. Sys. 7.9 8.1 2.1% Species Conservation 14.1 14.2 0.8% STEM Action Center 6.6 4.7 -29.0% Workforce Dev. Council** 8.6 N/A Info. Technology, Office of** 5.9 N/A Legislative Branch 15.9 15.7 -1.5% Lieutenant Governor .2 .2 2.7% Revenue & Taxation, Dept. 44.0 44.4 0.8% Secretary of State 3.2 5.0 54.3% Treasurer, State 6.9 4.2 -38.5% Treasurer, State 4.2 4.2 0.8% Idaho Millennium Fund 2.7 -100.0% Total $398.3 $430.4 8.1%

By Fund Source ($ in millions) General Fund $117.7 $120.5 2.4% Dedicated Funds 170.6 186.1 9.0% Federal Funds 109.9 123.9 12.7% Total $398.3 $430.4 8.1% *Totals May Not Sum Due to Rounding ** Agencies created in FY 2019

88 General Government Permanent Building Fund

FY 2019 Revenue Estimates

Revenues (in millions) FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19 Est Income Tax $7.8 M $7.6 M $7.9 M $8.0 M Cigarette Tax $5.0 M $5.0 M $5.0 M $5.0 M Beer Tax $1.4 M $1.4 M $1.4 M $1.4 M Sales Tax $5.0 M $5.0 M $5.0 M $5.0 M Lottery $17.0 M $18.6 M $18.2 M $20.1 M Budget Stab. $.2 M $2.2 M $4.8 M $8.4 M Interest Other Income $.2 M $.3 M $.6 M $1.4 M General Fund N/A N/A $45.3 M $44.1 M Transfer GRAND TOTAL $36.6 M $40.1 M $88.2 M $93.5 M

FY 2019 Original Appropriation Public Works Operating Budget $2,695,200 Bond Payments $6,874,000 New Alteration and Repair Projects $49,564,900 ADA Compliance Projects $1,300,000 Asbestos Abatement Projects $200,000 Capitol Mall Maintenance $250,000 IDOC Waste Water Lagoon Upgrade $1,220,000 CSI Canyon Building Remodel $830,000 Div. of Military's MWR Facility $250,000 New Pub. Safety Communications Site $700,000 IDOC Community Reentry Center $9,114,200 CWI Nampa Health Sciences Building $10,000,000 Nuclear Seed Potato Facility $3,000,000 IDOC Facility Expansions $1,342,900 Total $87,341,200

General Government 89 FY 2017 Distribution of Liquor Earnings Total = $73,297,000

Court Court Services Supervision Fund $4,557,000 $440,000 6.2% 0.6%

General Cities Fund $20,826,000 $29,060,000 28.4% 39.6%

Cooperative Counties Public Welfare Fund $13,884,000 Schools $650,000 18.9% 0.9% $1,200,000 1.6% Substance Abuse Community Treatment Colleges $2,080,000 $600,000 2.8% 0.8% There is a 2% surcharge on sales in liquor stores, directed to the Drug Court, Mental Health Court, and Family Court Services Fund. This amount, including a fixed statutory distribution of $680,000 made annually to the fund, is up 5.4% from the FY 2016 distribution. Fifty-percent of annual net profits are distributed to the General Fund, less a total of $5,650,000 in statutory distributions to the Substance Abuse Treatment Fund, Community Colleges, Public Schools, Cooperative Welfare Fund, and Court Supervision Fund. The other 50% of net profits are split 40% to counties based on liquor sales, and 60% to cities based on number of liquor stores or population (for cities without liquor stores).

90 General Government PERSI As of June 30, 2017, 783 public employers in Idaho participated in PERSI, for a system-wide total of 128,210 individual members and beneficiaries. In FY 2017, the gross return on investments for the PERSI Base Plan was 12.7%. The funded ratio for FY 2017 was 89.6% and the amortization period was estimated to be 16.2 years, which is less than the 25 year maximum allowed by statute.

Actuarial analysis for the most recently closed fiscal year is presented to PERSI’s Board of Trustees annually at its October meeting. As of June 29, 2018, PERSI was valued at $17.5 billion. Membership and Employer Types 80,000 70,073 70,000 60,000 City 45,468 20% 50,000 County 40,000 41% 5% School 30,000 State 20,000 21% 12,669 Other 10,000 13% 0 Active Retiree Inactive

Investment Returns and Funded Ratios

120% 90% 94% 100% 93% 87% 90% 90% 106% 73% 79% 80% 85% 86% 60% 40% 20.0% 17.2% 12% 20.7% 9.1% 12.7% 20% 1.6% 3.0% 1.9% -4.2% 0% -16% -20%

Investment Returns Funded Ratio

General Government 91 Idaho Millennium Fund (in millions)

Idaho Millennium Permanent Fund Endowment Fund Approp. Ending Approp. Ending Fiscal and Market and Market Year Receipts Transfers Value Receipts Transfers Value

2011 $4.9 ($8.4) $74.6 $19.6 ($2.4) $130.2 2012 $5.0 ($70.9) $14.2 $19.9 ($4.0) $147.4 2013 $5.0 ($3.7) $15.5 $19.9 ($5.5) $179.7 2014 $5.5 ($.8) $20.3 $22.0 ($6.4) $227.0 2015 $4.8 ($.6) $25.4 $19.3 ($7.9) $246.1 2016 $5.1 ($.8) $29.8 $20.2 ($9.8) $260.2 2017 $4.6 ($1.0) $33.6 $18.4 ($11.5) $301.4 2018 $4.7 ($1.3) $37.5 $18.9 ($11.8) $337.8 2019 $5.0 ($1.5) $41.4 $18.9 ($13.6) $368.3 2020* $5.0 ($1.7) $45.1 $20.0 ($15.8) $387.0 *Estimates

• The Idaho Millennium Fund consists of three funds: (1) Permanent Endowment Fund: Receives 80% of the master settlement agreement with tobacco companies. Through specific statutory requirement, 5% of the average fair market value is distributed to the Income Fund. (2) Millennium Fund: Receives 20% of the master settlement agreement with tobacco companies. Through specific statutory requirement, 5% of the average fair market value is distributed to the Income Fund. (3) Millennium Income Fund: Legislature appropriates funds from this account. • The Legislature appropriates funds to state agencies and qualified private sector organizations. Monies are typically appropriated for tobacco cessation, substance abuse prevention, and treatment efforts. • In 2016, Idaho ranked 39 for adults who smoke at 14.5%; the national average was 17.1%.

92 State Facts & Demographics Idaho Facts

Geography Total Area: 83,569 square miles (14th in area size) Lowest 710 feet, Snake River at Lewiston Elevation: Highest 12,662 feet, Mt. Borah in Custer Elevation: County Length: 164 / 479 miles at shortest / longest Width: 45 / 305 miles at narrowest / widest % of Fed. Land: 63.1% % of State Land: 5.1% State Symbols Idaho Giant Salamander Amphibian (Dicamptodon aterrimus) Bird Mountain Bluebird (Sialia arctica) Fish Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) Flower Syringa (Philadelphus lewisii) Dance Square Dance Fossil Hagerman Horse Fruit Huckleberry Gem Idaho Star Garnet Horse Appaloosa Insect Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus) Motto Esto Perpetua ("Let it be perpetual") Nickname The Gem State Raptor Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) Song "Here We Have Idaho" Tree Western White Pine (Pinus monticola) Vegetable Potato

Cities and Counties Number of Cities 200 Incorporated Cities Largest Boise, Ada County, pop. 226,570 Smallest Warm River, Fremont County, pop. 3 # of Counties 44 Largest Ada, population 456,849

State Facts & Demographics 93 Population License County 2017 County Seat 2017 Prefix Ada 456,849 Boise 226,570 1A Adams 4,147 Council 865 2A Bannock 85,269 Pocatello 55,193 1B Bear Lake 6,028 Paris 517 2B Benewah 9,184 St. Maries 2,443 3B Bingham 45,927 Blackfoot 11,922 4B Blaine 22,024 Hailey 8,282 5B Boise 7,290 Idaho City 452 6B Bonner 43,560 Sandpoint 8,390 7B Bonneville 114,595 Idaho Falls 61,076 8B Boundary 11,922 Bonners Ferry 2,603 9B Butte 2,602 Arco 880 10B Camas 1,102 Fairfield 402 1C Canyon 216,699 Caldwell 54,660 2C Caribou 7,034 Soda Springs 3,038 3C Cassia 23,664 Burley 10,474 4C Clark 873 Dubois 602 5C Clearwater 8,546 Orofino 3,035 6C Custer 4,172 Challis 1,062 7C Elmore 26,823 Mountain Home 14,224 E Franklin 13,564 Preston 5391 1F Fremont 13,094 St. Anthony 3,549 2F Gem 17,379 Emmett 6,829 1G Gooding 15,124 Gooding 3,452 2G Idaho 16,369 Grangeville 3,166 I Jefferson 28,446 Rigby 4,062 1J Jerome 23,627 Jerome 11,636 2J Kootenai 157,637 Coeur d'Alene 50,665 K Latah 39,333 Moscow 25,146 1L Lemhi 7,875 Salmon 3,108 2L Lewis 3,887 Nezperce 476 3L Lincoln 5,318 Shoshone 1,502 4L Madison 39,141 Rexburg 28,337 1M Minidoka 20,729 Rupert 5,814 2M Nez Perce 40,385 Lewiston 32,820 N Oneida 4,427 Malad 2,104 1O Owyhee 11,628 Murphy 101 2O Payette 23,215 Payette 7,434 1P Power 7,600 American Falls 4,280 2P Shoshone 12,542 Wallace 761 S Teton 11,381 Driggs 1,805 1T Twin Falls 85,124 Twin Falls 49,202 2T Valley 10,687 Cascade 981 V Washington 10,121 Weiser 5,365 W Total 1,716,943 726,693 42%

94 State Facts & Demographics Idaho’s 20 Largest Cities 2010 Pop Pop City Census Rank 2017 Pop. Rank Change % Change Boise 205,671 1 226,570 1 20,899 10.2% Meridian 75,092 3 99,926 2 24,834 33.1% Nampa 81,557 2 93,590 3 12,033 14.8% Idaho Falls 56,813 4 61,076 4 4,263 7.5% Pocatello 54,255 5 55,193 5 938 1.7% Caldwell 46,237 6 54,660 6 8,423 18.2% Coeur d'Alene 44,137 7 50,665 7 6,528 14.8% Twin Falls 44,125 8 49,202 8 5,077 11.5% Post Falls 27,574 10 33,290 9 5,716 20.7% Lewiston 31,894 9 32,820 10 926 2.9% Rexburg 25,484 11 28,337 11 2,853 11.2% Eagle 19,908 13 26,089 12 6,181 31.0% Moscow 23,800 12 25,146 13 1,346 5.7% Kuna 15,210 14 19,200 14 3,990 26.2% Ammon 13,816 17 15,540 15 1,724 12.5% Chubbuck 13,922 16 14,869 16 947 6.8% Hayden 13,294 18 14,693 17 1,399 10.5% Mtn. Home 14,206 15 14,224 18 18 0.1% Blackfoot 11,899 19 11,922 19 23 0.2% Garden City 10,972 20 11,890 20 918 8.4% 938,902, or 55%, of Idaho's total population live in the 20 largest cities

Northwest Population Highlights % Northwest States 2010 2017 Change Change Washington 6,724,540 7,405,743 681,203 10.1% Oregon 3,831,074 4,142,776 311,702 8.1% Utah 2,763,885 3,101,833 337,948 12.2% Nevada 2,700,551 2,998,039 297,488 11.0% Idaho 1,567,582 1,716,943 149,361 9.5% Montana 989,415 1,050,493 61,078 6.2% Wyoming 563,626 579,315 15,689 2.8%

Source: US Census Bureau

State Facts & Demographics 95 Senate 35 Members 6 Democrat (17%) 9 Female (26%) 29 Republican (83%) 26 Male (74%) President Pro Tempore: Brent Hill, R -Rexburg Average Tenure in the Senate: 4.9 terms Longest Serving Senator: Shawn Keough, R-Sandpoint, 12 terms House of Representatives 70 Members 12 Democrat (17%) 22 Female (31%) 58 Republican (83%) 48 Male (69%) Speaker: Scott Bedke, R-Oakley Average Tenure in the House: 4.4 terms Longest Serving Representative: Maxine Bell, R-Jerome, 16 terms

Legislation 2018 5-Yr Avg Bills Drafted 799 799 Bills Introduced 561 545 Bills Passed Both Houses 355 357 Bills Enacted 353 355 Length of Session (Days) 80 81

The Legislative Council oversees the management responsibilities and permanent staff of the Legislature. The Council consists of the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the majority and minority leaders of each house, and four senators and four representatives (two from each party) appointed by the parties of the Senate and House. The Legislative Council meets twice annually, once in the spring and once in the fall. Legislative Council Members for 2018: Senate House Brent Hill Scott Bedke Chuck Winder Mike Moyle Steve Bair Clark Kauffman Steve Vick Jason Monks Michelle Stennett Mathew Erpelding Cherie Buckner-Webb Phylis King Grant Burgoyne Sally Toone

96 State Facts & Demographics

Idaho % of Commodities Rank US Production Unit Potatoes 1 32.8 131,325,000 cwt Australian Winter Peas 1 43.2 54,000 cwt Barley 1 34.1 48,450,000 bu Peppermint Oil 2 29.1 1,680,000 lb Sugarbeets 2 18.4 6,507,000 ton Wrinkled Seed Peas 2 30.3 108,000 cwt Alfalfa Hay 2 7.7 4,240,000 ton Hops 2 13.2 13,759,200 lb Spring Wheat 4 8.5 35,260,000 bu Lentils 4 4.2 315,000 cwt Dry Edible Beans 5 8 2,873,000 cwt Dry Edible Peas 6 1.7 234,000 cwt Canola 7 1.1 34,565,000 lb Winter Wheat 7 4.2 53,600,000 bu All Hay 8 3.9 5,128,000 ton Idaho % of Livestock/ Products Rank US Production Unit Foodsize Trout 1 45.7 49,968 dollars Honey 8 2.8 4,180,000 lb Total Cheese 3 7.6 958,687,000 lb Milk Production 4 6.8 14,627 million lb Milk Cows 4 6.4 600,000 head All Sheep / Lambs 7 4.4 230,000 head Wool 7 6.5 1,600,000 lb Cattle & Calves 12 2.5 2,400,000 head Source: USDA, NASS Idaho Facts and Figures 2018

https://www.nass.usda.gov/Stastistics_by_State/Idaho/index.php

State Facts & Demographics 97

RANKING IDAHO VALUE US NW* AGRICULTURE Number of Farms (2016) 24,300 34 4 Ave Acres Per Farm 486 14 5 (2016) Farm Income: Crops $2,809,522,000 21 3 (2016) Farm Income: Livestock $4,300,405,000 12 1 (2016) Farm Income: Gov't $158,281,000 25 3 Pymts (2016) Acres Planted (2017) 4,195,000 21 2 Acres Harvested (2017) 4,064,000 22 2

POPULATION ESTIMATES Population (2017) 1,716,943 39 5 Percent Change 2.2% 1 1 (2016 - 2017) Persons Per Square Mile 20.8 44 5 (2017) % White Population 93.3% 5 1 (2016) % Hispanic Pop (2016) 12.3% 16 5 2030 Pop (projected) 1,969,624 36 5 % Idaho Born living in 51.3% 41 4 Idaho (2016) Net Domestic Migration 24,597 12 5 (2016 - 2017) Population per U.S. 858,472 4 2 House Seat (2018) Population per State 16,352 39 5 Legislator (2017)

*NW Rank: Idaho's rank (1=highest, 7=lowest) relative to its six contiguous neighboring states: Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming

Source: State Rankings 2018, CQ Press (Morgan); CDC - NIH

98 State Facts & Demographics RANKING VALUE US NW* EDUCATION Pupil-Teacher Ratio (2016) 18.7 7 5 Average Teacher Salary (2017) $47,504 42 6 Public High School Grad Rate 79.7% 40 4 (2016) % of Pop High School Grad 90.4% 19 5 (2016) College Enrollment Rate per 777 7 2 1,000 18-24 years old Per Capita Expend. for $1,932 50 7 Education (2015) Ed. Expend. as % of All State & 30.1% 45 6 Local Expenditures (2015) Expenditures Per Pupil (2017) $6,515 50 7 Per Capita Higher Ed. Exp. (2015) $643 44 6 % of Pop. College Grads (2015) 27.6% 36 5 Pop. per Public Library (2015) 11,454 38 5

ECONOMY Gross Domestic Product (GDP) $68.4b 42 5 (2016) 2012-2016 % Change in GDP 11.5% 7 3 Personal Income (2016) $66.4b 41 5 Per Capita Personal Income $39,470 45 7 (2016) Median Household Income $54,339 31 5 (2016) Avg Fed Individual Tax Refund $2,433 44 5 (2016)

*NW Rank: Idaho's rank (1=highest, 7=lowest) relative to its six contiguous neighboring states: Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming

Source: State Rankings 2018, CQ Press (Morgan); National Center for Education Statistics

State Facts & Demographics 99 RANKING VALUE US NW* GOVERNMENT FINANCE Per Capita Fed Gov't Exp (2016) $7,350 35 4 Federal Civilian Employees per 44 25 5 10,000 population (2016) Per Capita State Property Tax Rev $967 39 6 (2015) Per Capita State Tax Rev (2015) $3,444 47 7 Per Capita State Individual $905 30 4 Income Tax Revenue1 (2015) Per Capita State Corporate $905 30 4 Income Tax Revenue1 (2016) Per Capita State Sales Tax $928 24 4 Revenue 2 (2016) Per Capita State Fuel Tax $201 6 1 Revenue (2016) Per Capita State Gov't Exp (2014) $7,558 44 6 State Employee per 10,000 pop 489 39 3 (2016) Per Capita Local Gov't Total $5,661 42 7 Revenue (2014) Per Capita Local Gov't Exp (2015) $7,272 50 7 1 NV, WA, and WY do not have income tax 2 MT and OR do not have sales tax *NW Rank: Idaho's rank (1=highest, 7=lowest) relative to its six contiguous neighboring states: Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming

Source: State Rankings 2018, CQ Press (Morgan); CDC - NIH

100 State Facts & Demographics RANKING VALUE US NW* EMPLOYMENT & LABOR Average Annual Pay (2016) $39,637 49 7 Unemployment Rate1 (2017) 2.9% 7 1 Labor Force: % Women (2016) 57.2% 30 6 Job Growth (2016-2017) 2.1% 7 4 % Emp: Construction (2017) 6.1% 7 4 % Emp: Manufacturing (2017) 9.4% 21 2 % Emp: Mining/Logging (2017) 0.5% 13 4 % Emp: Ed and Health Svcs (2017) 14.8% 29 2

CRIME & LAW ENFORCEMENT Violent Crimes Per 100,000 Pop (2016) 219 46 7 Murder Rate Per 100,000 Pop (2016) 2.9 36 4 State Prisoner Incarceration Rate Per 435 16 2 100,000 Pop (2016) Death Row Inmates (2017) 8 24 4 Law Officers per 10,000 Pop (2016) 17 38 2 Per Capita State & Local Expenditures $259 36 5 for Police (2015) Per Capita State & Local Expenditures $206 25 6 for Corrections (2015) 1 Unemployment rate is ranked lowest percent to highest *NW Rank: Idaho's rank (1=highest, 7=lowest) relative to its six contiguous neighboring states: Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming

Source: State Rankings 2018, CQ Press (Morgan); CDC - NIH

State Facts & Demographics 101 RANKING VALUE US NW* ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT Per Capita BTUs Consumed (2015) $318B 23 3 Per Capita Energy Expend. (2015) $3,626 24 3 Energy Prices - Per Million BTUs (2014) 34 Per Capita Gasoline Used (Gal.) (2015) 454 30 3 National Priority Listed Hazardous 9 41 5 Waste Sites (2017) Total Pollution Released in lbs (2016) 46.2M 20 3

HEALTH Birth Rate Per 1,000 Pop (2016) 13.4 8 2 Teen Birth Rate, % of All Births (2015) 5.6 24 4 Births to Unmarried Women, % of All 27.6% 48 6 Births (2016) Abortions Per 1,000 Live Births (2014) 59 43 5 ~No data reported by WY Deaths (2015) 13,026 40 5 Estimated Cancer Deaths (2018) 3,020 40 5 Heart Disease Deaths (2015) 2,825 40 5 AIDS Deaths (2015) 4 45 6 % of Adults Overweight or Obese (2016) 64.5% 32 1 % of Children (19-35 months) Fully 73.9% 18 2 Immunized (2016)

*NW Rank: Idaho's rank (1=highest, 7=lowest) relative to its six contiguous neighboring states: Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming

Source: State Rankings 2018, CQ Press (Morgan); CDC - NIH

102 State Facts & Demographics RANKING VALUE US NW* SOCIAL WELFARE % of Population in Poverty (2016) 14.4% 19 1 Per Capita Soc. Sec. Payment (2015) $2,746 30 3 % of Population in Medicare (2016) 17.5% 30 3 % of Population in Medicaid (2015) 17.2% 39 4 Recipients of TANF Payments (2017) 2,738 48 6 % Change in TANF Recipients -3.9% 18 4 (2016-2017) % of SNAP Recipients (2017) 10.0% 40 5

TRANSPORTATION Per Capita Fed Highway Fund (2016) $173 12 3 % Federally Funded Road & Street 22.8% 36 4 Miles (2016) Pub. Road & Street Mileage (2016) 51,342 35 4 Highway Fatalities Per 100 Million 1.3 15 3 Vehicle Miles (2015) Alcohol Related Fatalities as a % of 35% 17 2 all Highway Fatalities (2016) Safety Belt Usage Rate (2016) 82.9% 39 5 Vehicle Registrations (2016) 1,842,245 37 5 % Fatalities Drivers Ages 15-20 (2015) 7.9% 5 2

DEFENSE Per Capita US Defense Department $144 48 7 Expenditures (2016) US Reserve Personnel (2016) 5,335 39 5 Active Duty Military Personnel (2016) 3,338 33 4 Number of Veterans in Idaho (2017) 122,067 39 5

*NW Rank: Idaho's rank (1=highest, 7=lowest) relative to its six contiguous neighboring states: Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming Source: State Rankings 2018, CQ Press (Morgan)