Basic Neurochemistry MOLECULAR, CELLULAR and MEDICAL ASPECTS
Basic Neurochemistry MOLECULAR, CELLULAR AND MEDICAL ASPECTS
SEVENTH EDITION
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF George J. Siegel, MD Chief of Neurology Service, Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital Professor of Neurology and of Cell Biology,Neurobiology & Anatomy, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood, Illinois
EDITORS R. Wayne Albers, Ph.D. Scott T. Brady, Ph.D. Donald L. Price, M.D. Chief of Section on Enzymes Professor and Head Professor, Departments of Laboratory of Neurochemistry Department of Anatomy and Neurology and Neuroscience National Institute of Neurological Cell Biology Director, Division of Disorders and Stoke University of Illinois at Chicago Neuropathology, National Institutes of Health Chicago, Illinois The Johns Hopkins University Bethesda, Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
AMSTERDAM · BOSTON · HEIDELBERG · LONDON NEW YORK · OXFORD · PARIS · SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO · SINGAPORE · SYDNEY · TOKYO ELSEVIER Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Contents
Section Editors ix CHAPTER 7 Contributors xi Cell Adhesion Molecules 111 Acknowledgments and History xix David R, Colman Preface xxi Marie T. Filbin Tribute to Pierre Morell xxiii CHAPTER 8 The Cytoskeleton of Neurons and Glia 123 Gustavo Pigino PARTI Laura L. Kirkpatrick Cellular Neurochemistry and Neural Membranes 1 Scott T. Brady
CHAPTER ι CHAPTER 9 Neurocellular Anatomy 3 Intracellular Trafficking 139 Cedric S. Raine Gustavo Pigino
CHAPTER 2 Gerardo Morfini Cell Membrane Structures and Functions 21 Scott T. Brady R. Wayne Albers
CHAPTER 3 Lipids 33 PART Joyce A. Benjamins Intercellular Signaling 165 AmiyaK. Hajra Bernard W Agranoff CHAPTER io CHAPTER 4 Synaptic Transmission and Cellular Signaling: Myelin Formation, Structure and Biochemistry 51 An Overview 167 Richard H. Quarks Ronald W Holz Wendy B. Macklin Stephen K. Fisher Pierre Morell CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 5 Acetylcholine 185 Membrane Transport 73 Palmer Taylor R. Wayne Albers Joan Heller Brown George J. Siegel CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 6 Catecholamines 211 Electrical Excitability and Ion Channels 95 Michael J. Kuhar BertilHille Kenneth Minneman William A. Catterall E. Christopher Muly VI Contents
CHAPTER 13 PART IV Serotonin 227 Growth, Development and Differentiation 435 Julie G. Hensier CHAPTER 25 CHAPTER 14 Development 437 Histamine 249 Jean de Vellis Lindsay B. Hough Ellen Carpenter Rob Leurs CHAPTER 26 CHAPTER 15 Transcription Factors in the Central Nervous Glutamate 267 System 459 Bj0rnar Hassel James Eberwine Raymond Dingledine CHAPTER 27 CHAPTER l6 Growth Factors 471 GABA and Glycine 291 Gary E. Landreth Richard W. Olsen Heinrich Betz CHAPTER 28 Axonal Transport 485 CHAPTER 17 GerardoA. Morfini Purinergic Systems 303 David L. Stenoien Joel Linden Scott Έ Brady Diane L. Rosin CHAPTER 29 CHAPTER l8 Stem Cells in the Nervous System 503 Peptides 317 Alison Κ. Hall Richard Ε, Mains Robert Η Miller Betty A. Eipper CHAPTER 30 PART III Axonal Growth in the Adult Mammalian Nervous System: Regeneration and Compensatory Intracellular Signaling 333 Plasticity 517 CHAPTER 19 Gwendolyn L. Kartje G Proteins 335 Martin E, Schwab Eric J. Nestler Ronald S. Duman PARTV
CHAPTER 2O Metabolism 529 Phosphoinositides 347 CHAPTER 31 AnneM. Heacock Stephen K. Fisher Energy Metabolism of the Brain 531 Mary C. McKenna CHAPTER 21 RolfGruetter Cyclic Nucleotides in the Nervous System 361 Ursula Sonnewald Ronald S. Duman Helle S. Waagepetersen Eric J. Nestler Arne Schousboe
CHAPTER 22 CHAPTER 32 Calcium 379 Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury and Oxidative Gary S. Bird Stress 559 James W. Putney Jr Laura L. Dugan Jeong Sook Kim-Han CHAPTER 23 Serine and Threonine Phosphorylation 391 CHAPTER 33 James Α. Bibb Eicosanoids, Docosanoids, Platelet-Activating Factor and Eric J. Nestler Inflammation 575 Nicolas G. Bazan CHAPTER 24 Tyrosine Phosphorylation 415 CHAPTER 34 Lit-Fui Lau Metabolic Encephalopathies 593 Richard Huganir Roger F. Butterworth Contents vii
CHAPTER 35 CHAPTER 46 Apoptosis and Necrosis 603 Neurotransmitters and Disorders of the Basal Mark P. Mattson Ganglia 761 Nicolas G. Bazan Thomas Wichmann Mahlon R. DeLong PART VI CHAPTER 47 Inherited and Neurodegenerative Diseases 617 Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease 781 Philip C. Wong CHAPTER 36 Tong Li Peripheral Neuropathy 619 Donald L. Price David Pleasure CHAPTER 48 CHAPTER 37 Molecular Basis of Prion Diseases 791 The Epilepsies: Phenotype and Mechanisms 629 John Collinge John W Gibbs Jonathan D. F. Wadsworth James O. McNamara
CHAPTER 38 PART VII Diseases Involving Myelin 639 Richard H Quarks Sensory Transduction 805 Pierre Morell CHAPTER 49 Henry F. McFarland Molecular Biology of Vision 807 CHAPTER 39 Hitoshi Shichi Genetics of Neurodegenerative Diseases 653 CHAPTER 50 Lars Bertram Molecular Biology of Olfaction and Taste 817 Rudolph E. Tanzt Steven D. Munger
CHAPTER 40 CHAPTER 51 Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism 667 Molecular Biology of Hearing and Balance 833 Marc Yudkoff Peter G. Gillespie CHAPTER 41 Lysosomal and Peroxisomal Diseases 685 PART VIII Hugo W. Moser Neural Processing and Behavior 841 CHAPTER 42 Diseases of Carbohydrate, Fatty Acid and Mitochondrial CHAPTER 52 Metabolism 695 Endocrine Effects on the Brain and Their Relationship to Salvatore DiMauro Behavior 843 Darryl C. De Vivo Bruce S. McEwen
CHAPTER 43 CHAPTER 53 Disorders of Muscle Excitability 713 Learning and Memory 859 Juan M. Pascual Joe Z. Tsien Basil Τ Darras CHAPTER 54 The Neurochemistry of Schizophrenia 875 CHAPTER 44 Motor Neuron Diseases 731 Joseph T, Coyle Donald L. Price CHAPTER 55 Steven Ackerly Neurobiology of Severe Mood and Anxiety Lee J. Martin Disorders 887 Vassilis Koliatsos ƒ. John Mann Philip C. Wong Dianne Currier Jorge A. Quiroz CHAPTER 45 Husseini K. Manji Neurodegenerative a-Synucleinopathies and Tauopathies 745 CHAPTER 56 Michel Goedert Addiction 911 Maria Grazia Spillantini Marina E. Wolf Viii Contents
CHAPTER 57 BOXES Pain 927 Box 3-1, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Michael Costigan Proteins 47 Joachim Scholz Tarek Samad Box 17-1, Inherited Diseases of Purine Metabolism 307 Clifford ƒ. Woolf George J. Siegel Box 20-1, Does the Action of Li+ on the . Phosphoinositide Labelins Cycle Explain the Therapeutic Neuroimagin g 939t Action of Li+ in Manic Depressive Psychosis? Action or Li in Manic Depressive Psychosis? 356 ƒ. Eric Jensen 7 Renshaw Box 32 ι, Hydrogen Sulfide: Potential Neuroprotectant Dean Ε Wong and Neuromodulator 573 WeiguoYe George J. Siegel
Glossary 963 Box 46-1, Summary of Polyglutamine Repeat Amino Acids in Proteins 968 Disorders 779 Index 969 Sangram Sisodia