DOCSLIB.ORG

Refworks Citation Styles Refworks Support the Following 4,261 Global Citation Styles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Refworks Citation Styles Refworks Support the Following 4,261 Global Citation Styles Appendix: RefWorks Citation Styles RefWorks support the following 4,261 global citation styles. To see other RefWorks citation styles, check out the Appendix: RefWorks CSLStyles RefWorks Citation Styles 3 Biotech AAAR - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research AACC - American Association of Cereal Chemists AACN Advanced Critical Care AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists AAPS - American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Abdominal Imaging Academic Emergency Medicine Academic Medicine Academic Radiology Academy of Management Executive (Notes only) Academy of Management Journal Academy of Management Learning and Education Academy of Management Review Accident Analysis & Prevention Accounting and the Public Interest Accounting Horizons Accounting, Organizations and Society Accounts of Chemical Research ACI - Applied Clinical Informatics ACI Materials Journal ACM Collected Algorithms ACM Communications of the ACM ACM Computers in Entertainment ACM Computing Reviews ACM Computing Surveys ACM Crossroads: The International ACM Student Magazine ACM Interactions: New Visions of Human-Computer Interaction ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics ACM Journal of the ACM ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 1 May 2019 ACM netWorker: The Craft of Network Computing ACM Queue ACM TECHNews ACM Transactions on Algorithms ACM Transactions on Applied Perception ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems ACM Transactions on Computational Logic ACM Transactions on Computer Systems ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction ACM Transactions on Database Systems ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems ACM Transactions on Graphics ACM Transactions on Information and System Security ACM Transactions on Information Systems ACM Transactions on Internet Technology ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery in Data ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing ACM Transactions on Storage ACM Transactions on the Web ACM Ubiquity ACM-SIG Proceedings ACS - American Chemical Society (Author Date) ACS - American Chemical Society (Numeric Parenthetical) ACS - American Chemical Society (Numeric Superscript) ACS - Nano ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ACS Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letter ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B Soil & Plant Science Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2 May 2019 Acta Biomaterialia Acta Crystallographica - Section A Foundations of Crystallography Acta Crystallographica - Section B Structural Science Acta Crystallographica - Section C Crystal Structure Communications Acta Crystallographica - Section D Biological Crystallography Acta Crystallographica - Section E Structure Reports Acta Crystallographica - Section F Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications Acta Diabetologica Acta Horticulturae Acta Materialia Acta Neurochirurgica Acta Neuropathologica Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica Acta Ophthalmologica Acta Opthalmalogica Scandanavica Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica Acta Oto-Laryngologica Acta Paediatrica Acta Physiologiae Plantarum Acta Physiologica Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Acta Psychologica Acta Radiologica Acta Theriologica Acta Tropica Acta Universitatis Ouluensis (Author-Date) Acta Universitatis Ouluensis (Numeric) Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Addiction Additive Manufacturing Adolescent Medicine Clinics Adsorption Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Advanced Functional Materials Advanced Healthcare Materials Advanced Materials Advances in Dental Research Advances in Health Science Education Advances in Materials Sceience and Engineering 3 May 2019 Advances in Mechanical Engineering Advances in Medical Sciences Advances in Nutrition Advances in Optics and Photonics Advances in Physiology Education Advances in Surgery Advances in Therapy Advances in Urology Advances in Virology Advances in Water Resources AEA - American Economic Association AER - American Economic Review Aerobiologia AFNOR (Méthode Numérique) AFNOR (Premier Élément - Date) African Entomology African Journal of Ecology African Journal of Marine Science African Zoology AFS - American Fisheries Society Age Age and Ageing Ageing & Society Aging Aging & Mental Health Aging Cell Aging Health AGLC 2nd - Australian Guide to Legal Citation, 2nd Edition (Notes & Bibliography) AGLC 3rd - Australian Guide to Legal Citation, 3rd Edition (Notes & Bibliography) AGPS Press - Style Manual, 6th Edition Agricultural and Forest Entomology Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Agricultural Systems Agricultural Water Management Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment Agronomia Costarricense Agronomy for Sustainable Development Agronomy Journal AHRQ - Superscript Number AIAA - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 4 May 2019 AIDS AIDS and Behavior AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses AIDS Research and Therapy AIMS AIP - American Institute of Physics Style Guide Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health AJHP - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy AJKD - American Journal of Kidney Diseases AJP-Heart and Circulation AJVR - American Journal of Veterinary Research Alcohol Alcohol and Alcoholism Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research Algological Studies Algorithms Algorithms for Molecular Biology Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Allergy - European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Al-Qantara ALT J-The Association for Learning Technology Journal Alzheimer's & Dementia: Journal of the Alzheimer's Association AMA - American Medical Association, 10th Edition AMA - American Medical Association, 9th Edition AMA - No Title Casing Applied - American Medical Association, 10th Edition Ambio Americal Journal of Clinical Nutrition American Accounting Association Publications American Anthropological Association American Antiquity American Antiquity - A Journal of the Society of American Archeology American Association of Physical Anthropologists American Astronomical Society American Ceramics Society American Entomologist American Family Physician American Geophysical Union American Heart Association: Hypertension American Heart Journal 5 May 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers American Journal of Agricultural Economics American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias American Journal of Applied Sciences American Journal of Archaeology American Journal of Bioethics American Journal of Botany American Journal of Cancer Research American Journal of Cardiology American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology American Journal of Clinical Nutrition American Journal of Clinical Oncology American Journal of Dentistry American Journal of Dermatopathology American Journal of Emergency Medicine American Journal of Enology and Viticulture American Journal of Epidemiology American Journal of Gastroenterology American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry American Journal of Hematology American Journal of Human Biology American Journal of Human Genetics American Journal of Hypertension American Journal of Industrial Medicine American Journal of Infection Control American Journal of International Law American Journal of Managed Care American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics American Journal of Medical Sciences American Journal of Nephrology American Journal of Neuroradiology American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology American Journal of Occupational Therapy American Journal of Ophthalmology American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics American Journal of Pathology American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology American Journal of Philology American Journal of Physical Anthropology 6 May 2019 American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation American Journal of Physiology American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology American Journal of Physiology - Consolidated American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology American Journal of Preventive Medicine American Journal of Primatology American Journal of Psychiatry American Journal of Public Health American Journal of Reproductive Immunology American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology American Journal of Rhinology American Journal of Roentgenology American Journal of Sociology American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology American Journal of Sports Medicine American Journal of Surgery American Journal of Surgical Pathology American Journal of Transplantation American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene American
Load more

Recommended publications
  • C9-14 Aliphatic [2-25% Aromatic] Hydrocarbon Solvents Category SIAP
    CoCAM 2, 17-19 April 2012 BIAC/ICCA SIDS INITIAL ASSESSMENT PROFILE Chemical C -C Aliphatic [2-25% aromatic] Hydrocarbon Solvents Category Category 9 14 Substance Name CAS Number Stoddard solvent 8052-41-3 Chemical Names Kerosine, petroleum, hydrodesulfurized 64742-81-0 and CAS Naphtha, petroleum, hydrodesulfurized heavy 64742-82-1 Registry Solvent naphtha, petroleum, medium aliphatic 64742-88-7 Numbers Note: Substances in this category are also commonly known as mineral spirits, white spirits, or Stoddard solvent. CAS Number Chemical Description † 8052-41-3 Includes C8 to C14 branched, linear, and cyclic paraffins and aromatics (6 to 18%), <50ppmV benzene † 64742-81-0 Includes C9 to C14 branched, linear, and cyclic paraffins and aromatics (10 to Structural 25%), <100 ppmV benzene Formula † and CAS 64742-82-1 Includes C8 to C13 branched, linear, and cyclic paraffins and aromatics (15 to 25%), <100 ppmV benzene Registry † Numbers 64742-88-7 Includes C8 to C13 branched, linear, and cyclic paraffins and aromatics (14 to 20%), <50 ppmV benzene Individual category member substances are comprised of aliphatic hydrocarbon molecules whose carbon numbers range between C9 and C14; approximately 80% of the aliphatic constituents for a given substance fall within the C9-C14 carbon range and <100 ppmV benzene. In some instances, the carbon range of a test substance is more precisely defined in the test protocol. In these instances, the specific carbon range (e.g. C8-C10, C9-C10, etc.) will be specified in the SIAP. * It should be noted that other substances defined by the same CAS RNs may have boiling ranges outside the range of 143-254° C and that these substances are not covered by the category.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and Responses
    Climate change and human health RISKS AND RESPONSES Editors A.J. McMichael The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia D.H. Campbell-Lendrum London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom C.F. Corvalán World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland K.L. Ebi World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Rome, Italy A.K. Githeko Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya J.D. Scheraga US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA A. Woodward University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA 2003 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Climate change and human health : risks and responses / editors : A. J. McMichael . [et al.] 1.Climate 2.Greenhouse effect 3.Natural disasters 4.Disease transmission 5.Ultraviolet rays—adverse effects 6.Risk assessment I.McMichael, Anthony J. ISBN 92 4 156248 X (NLM classification: WA 30) ©World Health Organization 2003 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dis- semination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications—whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution—should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Lista RSC Gold Collection Z Archiwami
    RSC GOLD COLLECTION Z ARCHIWAMI Journals Analyst E-ISSN 1364-5528 Hybrid Journal Access years during Term 2008-2021 Analytical Methods E-ISSN 1759-9679 Hybrid Journal Access years during Term 2009-2021. Access is free for the first two (2) years/volumes Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry, A E-ISSN 1460-4760 Access years during Term 2008-2013 Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry, B E-ISSN 1460 4779 Access years during Term 2008-2013 Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry, C E-ISSN 1460-4787 Access years during Term 2008-2013 Biomaterials Science E-ISSN 2047-4849 Hybrid Journal Access years during Term 2013-2021. Access is free for the first two (2) years/volumes Catalysis Science & Technology E-ISSN 2044-4761 Hybrid Journal Access years during Term 2011-2021 Chemical Communications E-ISSN 1364-548X Hybrid Journal Access years during Term 2008-2021 Chemical Science E-ISSN 2041-6539 Access years during Term 2010-2014 Access is free for the first two (2) years/volumes; From January 2015 Chemical Science is a Gold Open Access journal Chemical Society Reviews E-ISSN 1460-4744 Hybrid Journal Access years during Term 2008-2021 CrystEngComm E-ISSN 1466-8033 Hybrid Journal Access years during Term 2008 -2021 Dalton Transactions E-ISSN 1477-9234 Hybrid Journal Access years during Term 2008-2021 Energy & Environmental Science E-ISSN 1754-5706 Hybrid Journal Access years during Term 2008-2021 Environmental Science: Nano E-ISSN 2051-8161 Access years during Term 2014 -2021, Access is free for the first two (2) years/volumes Environmental
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Hypotheses: a Clinician’S Guide to Publication
    G Model AIMED-86; No. of Pages 4 Advances in Integrative Medicine xxx (2016) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Advances in Integrative Medicine jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aimed Medical hypotheses: A clinician’s guide to publication Jon Wardle *, Vanessa Rossi Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 235-253 Jones Street, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia A R T I C L E I N F O remains that integrative medicine practitioners – or indeed practitioners of any sort for that matter – rarely involve themselves Article history: in research [3]. Received 9 July 2016 These articles also serve an important role for developing the Accepted 12 July 2016 research agenda in integrative medicine. For example, the macrophage theory of depression – that inflammatory cytokines play a role in the aetiology of major depressive disorder – was originally put forward as a hypothesis article in the journal Medical ‘‘The history of science has repeatedly shown that when Hypotheses (and incidentally, remains that journal’s most cited hypotheses are proposed it is impossible to predict which will article) [4]. Although the aetiology of sudden infant death turn out to be revolutionary and which ridiculous. The only safe syndrome (SIDS) is unknown, two of the leading suspected approach is to let all see the light and to let all be discussed, pathophysiological causes (infection and shock) were originally experimented upon, vindicated or destroyed. I hope the journal proposed as hypotheses in the same journal [5–7]. In fact, many of will provide a new battlefield open to all on which ideas can be the leading current theories – many now proven correct – from the tested and put through the fire’’ inaugural editorial by Medical aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease to the chronic effects of Zinc Hypotheses founder David Horrobin.’’ [1] deficiency began in the guise of a medical hypothesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbon Dioxide Adsorption by Metal Organic Frameworks (Synthesis, Testing and Modeling)
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 8-8-2013 12:00 AM Carbon Dioxide Adsorption by Metal Organic Frameworks (Synthesis, Testing and Modeling) Rana Sabouni The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Prof. Sohrab Rohani The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Rana Sabouni 2013 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Other Chemical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Sabouni, Rana, "Carbon Dioxide Adsorption by Metal Organic Frameworks (Synthesis, Testing and Modeling)" (2013). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 1472. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1472 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i CARBON DIOXIDE ADSORPTION BY METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (SYNTHESIS, TESTING AND MODELING) (Thesis format: Integrated Article) by Rana Sabouni Graduate Program in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada Rana Sabouni 2013 ABSTRACT It is essential to capture carbon dioxide from flue gas because it is considered one of the main causes of global warming. Several materials and various methods have been reported for the CO2 capturing including adsorption onto zeolites, porous membranes, and absorption in amine solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • BULLETIN for the HISTORY of CHEMISTRY Division of the History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society
    BULLETIN FOR THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY Division of the History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society VOLUME 29, Number 1 2004 BULLETIN FOR THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY VOLUME 29, CONTENTS NUMBER 1 THE 2003 EDELSTEIN AWARD ADDRESS* MAKING CHEMISTRY POPULAR David Knight, University of Durham, England 1 THE DISCOVERY OF LECITHIN, THE FIRST PHOSPHOLIPID Theodore L. Sourkes, McGill University 9 GABRIEL LIPPMANN AND THE CAPILLARY ELECTROMETER John T. Stock, University of Connecticut 16 KHEMYE: CHEMICAL LITERATURE IN YIDDISH Stephen M. Cohen 21 AN EARLY HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY AT TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY, 1925-1970* Henry J. Shine, Texas Tech University 30 NOYES LABORATORY, AN ACS NATIONAL CHEMICAL LANDMARK: 100 YEARS OF CHEMISTRY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Sharon Bertsch McGrayne 45 BOOK REVIEWS 52 The Cover…….See page 24. Bull. Hist. Chem., VOLUME 29, Number 1 (2004) 1 THE 2003 EDELSTEIN AWARD ADDRESS* MAKING CHEMISTRY POPULAR David Knight, University of Durham, England “Chemistry is wonderful,” wrote evenings, and a bright dawn Linus Pauling (1), “I feel sorry for gleamed over a chemically-based people who don’t know anything society. Intellectually, the science about chemistry. They are miss- did not demand the mathematics re- ing an important source of happi- quired for serious pursuit of the sub- ness.” That is not how the science lime science of astronomy. Chem- has universally been seen in our ists like Joseph Priestley thought it time. We would not expect to see the ideal Baconian science in which lecture-rooms crowded out, chem- everyone might join, for its theoreti- ists as stars to be invited to fash- cal structure was still unformed.
    [Show full text]
  • [3 TD$DIFF]Interdisciplinary Team Science in Cell Biology
    TICB 1268 No. of Pages 3 Scientific Life Cell biology, beginning largely as micro- detailed physical–chemical mechanisms Interdisciplinary[3_TD$IF] scopic observations, followed[1_TD$IF]the molec- [7]. The data required for these models ular biology revolution, which viewed are now in sight. New gene editing meth- Team Science in genes, cells, and the machinery that ods are providing endogenous expression underlies their activities as molecular sys- of tagged and mutant cells [8], and new Cell Biology tems that could be fully characterized and live-cell imaging methods are promising Rick Horwitz1,* understood using methods of genetics biochemistry in living cells, measuring con- and biochemistry. Viewing the cell as a centrations, dynamics, equilibria, and complex, dynamic molecular composite organization [9]. Similarly, super-resolution The cell is complex. With its multi- brought insights from chemistry and phys- microscopy and cryoEM tomography, tude of components, spatial– ics to bear on biological problems. Just as which allow structure determination and [6_TD$IF] temporal character, and gene the molecular genetic era was codified by organization in situ [3,4], imaging mass expression diversity, it is challeng- the publication of Watson's book, Molec- spectrometry [10], and single-cell and ing to comprehend the cell as an ular Biology of the Gene [1], two decades spatially-resolved genomic approaches integrated system and to develop later[8_TD$IF]the Molecular Biology of the Cell by [11–13], among other image-based tech- models that predict its behaviors. I Alberts, et al. [2] served a similar purpose nologies, all point to a new golden era of suggest an approach to address for cell biology.
    [Show full text]
  • Personal View – the Evolution of Neurochemistry
    Neuroforum 2019; 25(4): 259–264 Review Article Ferdinand Hucho* Personal View – The Evolution of Neurochemistry Two questions – one answer https://doi.org/10.1515/nf-2019-0023 century up to our times. Reductionism was hoped to solve two of the most fundamental riddles which were central to Abstract: This esssay is a personal account of the evolution human thinking since antiquity: The world, believed to be of Neurochemistry in the past century. It describes in par- composed of ‚mind and matter‘, poses the question: What allel the authors way from chemistry to biochemistry and is life? The neurochemist goes one step further and asks: finally to Neurochemistry and the progress of a most ex- what is mind (conciousness, cognition, free will)? The citing chapter of the Life Sciences. It covers the successful physiologist Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896) included time period of reductionist research (by no means compre- these questions in his ‚seven riddles‘ (Finkelstein 2013) hensively), which lay the ground for the recent and future and summarized his answer in 1880 in his famous “igno- systems approach. This development promises answers to ramus et ignorabimus” (“we don‘t know and we never will fundamental questions of our existence as human beings. know”). Never say ‘never’, because this could be the end Keywords: Chemistry; Biochemistry; Life Science; Neuro- of human curiosity and research, preventing discoveries chemistry including new methods of investigation. In the 20th century the question What is life was most vividly posed by physicists like the Nobel laureates Zusammenfassung: Dieser Essay ist ein persönlicher Erwin Schrödinger (Schrödinger 1944; Fischer ed., 1987) Bericht über die Entwicklung der Neurochemie im ver- and Max Delbrück (Delbrück 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Essays in Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology Chemical
    Volume 89, number 2 FEBS LETTERS May 1978 Essays in Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology Volume 2 Edited by M. B. H. Youdim, W. Lovenberg, D. F. Sharman and J. R. Lagnado John Wiley and Sons; Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, 1977 xiv + 174 pages, £8.75 An essay on essays prefaces this book, praising the The Biochemical Society's 'Essays in Biochemistry' literary essay and advocating a comparable form of which antedate the present series by I 1 years are also scientific writing as a leavening or antidote to the despite their name broad, didactically-oriented reviews stereotype of papers proceeding by Methods-Results- in which many authors use figures and tables as a Discussion. The terse wisdom and precise word-choise means of avoiding cumbersome passages of text; a of Bacon, or the charm of Lamb, would indeed be necessary distinction from the literary essay and much welcome in the neurosciences, but this book's to be encouraged. So also are author and subject contents exemplify a different and quite worthy indexes which are lacking in the present book. It also stereotype, the review. Are literary essays ever multi- has no running titles or author's names at the head of author, as are half of the present contributions? Two its pages; and as the list of abbrevations and the of the most effective essays here are indeed single- literature references come at the beginning and end of authored: the first few pages of K. G. Walton's each individual essay, lack of this guidance to where account of cyclic necleotides and postynaptic events the beginning and end are located is to be regretted.
    [Show full text]
  • Virus Goes Viral: an Educational Kit for Virology Classes
    Souza et al. Virology Journal (2020) 17:13 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-020-1291-9 RESEARCH Open Access Virus goes viral: an educational kit for virology classes Gabriel Augusto Pires de Souza1†, Victória Fulgêncio Queiroz1†, Maurício Teixeira Lima1†, Erik Vinicius de Sousa Reis1, Luiz Felipe Leomil Coelho2 and Jônatas Santos Abrahão1* Abstract Background: Viruses are the most numerous entities on Earth and have also been central to many episodes in the history of humankind. As the study of viruses progresses further and further, there are several limitations in transferring this knowledge to undergraduate and high school students. This deficiency is due to the difficulty in designing hands-on lessons that allow students to better absorb content, given limited financial resources and facilities, as well as the difficulty of exploiting viral particles, due to their small dimensions. The development of tools for teaching virology is important to encourage educators to expand on the covered topics and connect them to recent findings. Discoveries, such as giant DNA viruses, have provided an opportunity to explore aspects of viral particles in ways never seen before. Coupling these novel findings with techniques already explored by classical virology, including visualization of cytopathic effects on permissive cells, may represent a new way for teaching virology. This work aimed to develop a slide microscope kit that explores giant virus particles and some aspects of animal virus interaction with cell lines, with the goal of providing an innovative approach to virology teaching. Methods: Slides were produced by staining, with crystal violet, purified giant viruses and BSC-40 and Vero cells infected with viruses of the genera Orthopoxvirus, Flavivirus, and Alphavirus.
    [Show full text]
  • Virology Journal Biomed Central
    Virology Journal BioMed Central Research Open Access Inhibition of Henipavirus fusion and infection by heptad-derived peptides of the Nipah virus fusion glycoprotein Katharine N Bossart†2, Bruce A Mungall†1, Gary Crameri1, Lin-Fa Wang1, Bryan T Eaton1 and Christopher C Broder*2 Address: 1CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia and 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA Email: Katharine N Bossart - [email protected]; Bruce A Mungall - [email protected]; Gary Crameri - [email protected]; Lin-Fa Wang - [email protected]; Bryan T Eaton - [email protected]; Christopher C Broder* - [email protected] * Corresponding author †Equal contributors Published: 18 July 2005 Received: 24 May 2005 Accepted: 18 July 2005 Virology Journal 2005, 2:57 doi:10.1186/1743-422X-2-57 This article is available from: http://www.virologyj.com/content/2/1/57 © 2005 Bossart et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ParamyxovirusHendra virusNipah virusenvelope glycoproteinfusioninfectioninhibitionantiviral therapies Abstract Background: The recent emergence of four new members of the paramyxovirus family has heightened the awareness of and re-energized research on new and emerging diseases. In particular, the high mortality and person to person transmission associated with the most recent Nipah virus outbreaks, as well as the very recent re-emergence of Hendra virus, has confirmed the importance of developing effective therapeutic interventions.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Divergence and Brain Evolution: How Regulatory DNA Influences Development of the Cerebral Cortex
    Prospects & Overviews Review essays Genomic divergence and brain evolution: How regulatory DNA influences development of the cerebral cortex Debra L. Silver1)2)3)4) The cerebral cortex controls our most distinguishing higher Introduction cognitive functions. Human-specific gene expression dif- ferences are abundant in the cerebral cortex, yet we have A large six-layered neocortex is a unique feature of only begun to understand how these variations impact brain mammalian brains. This specialized outer covering of the brain controls our higher cognitive functions including function. This review discusses the current evidence linking abstract thought and language, which together help uniquely non-coding regulatory DNA changes, including enhancers, define us as humans. Our distinguishing cognitive capacities with neocortical evolution. Functional interrogation using are specified within discrete cortical areas and are driven by animal models reveals converging roles for our genome in dynamic communication between neurons of the neocortex key aspects of cortical development including progenitor and other brain regions, as well as glial cell populations (including oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes). cell cycle and neuronal signaling. New technologies, Neurons are initially generated during human embryonic includingiPS cells and organoids, offerpotential alternatives and early fetal development, where they migrate to appropri- to modeling evolutionary modifications in a relevant species ate regions and begin establishing functional connections context. Several diseases rooted in the cerebral cortex during fetal and postnatal stages (Fig. 1). Disruptions to uniquely manifest in humans compared to other primates, cerebral cortex function arising during either development or thus highlighting the importance of understanding human adulthood, can result in neurodevelopmental and neurode- generative disorders.
    [Show full text]