Jean Delay Preamble
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A Modo De Fichas Sobre Clásicos De La Psiquiatría: Jean Delay Y El Nacimiento De La Psicofarmacología Moderna
A modo de fichas sobre clásicos de la Psiquiatría: Jean Delay y el nacimiento de la psicofarmacología moderna Reda Rahmani y Luis Pacheco Su vida: Jean Delay nació el 14 de noviembre de 1907 en El recorrido académico de Jean Delay es la Bayona, hijo único de Maurice Delay y Berthe historia de una conquista sin pausa. Mihura. Según su colega Pierre Deniker, tenía Dirigiéndose a él, Léon Bérard, miembro de la absoluta admiración por su madre y le dedicaría academia francesa, dirá: “su carrera nos en vida gran parte de sus obras. Su padre, antes sorprende por una especie de regularidad e de llegar a ser alcalde de la ciudad, era el infalibilidad en el éxito”. Regular e infalible pero, principal cirujano de la misma, y deseó que su sobre todo, muy precoz. hijo le sucediera en el oficio. Frustrar ese Jean Delay acabó el bachillerato en la rama de destino fue el inicio de una carrera sin filosofía con 14 años, sin sospechar que la precedentes en el panorama de la pregunta sobre las relaciones entre lo físico y lo neuropsiquiatría francesa. moral, en su examen final de disertación filosófica, le iba finalmente a ocupar gran parte de su vida. Gracias a un permiso del ministro de Educación comenzó la carrera de medicina a los 15 años de edad, en París. Posteriormente, fue un amigo de la familia, Pasteur Vallery-Radot, quién tuvo que viajar de París a Bayona para anunciarle al padre de nuestro protagonista que éste jamás será cirujano. A los 20 años estaba ya especializándose en neurología en el hospital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière en el servicio de Lévy- Fig .1: Portada del libro de Delay “Les dissolutions de la Valensi, su primer maestro, para estudiar memoire”. -
Psychiatry and Stigmatization
EDITOR’S NOTE Psychiatry and Stigmatization Amir Zarrinpar Editor WHEN MURRAY AND LOPEZ IN 1996 INTRODUCED THE IDEA OF THE DIS- Stuart P. Weisberg ability-adjusted life-year (which measures healthy years lost to pre- Columbia University College of Physicians mature mortality or disability), it should have come as no surprise when and Surgeons they found that 7 of the top 10 causes of disability in industrialized Deputy Editors countries were mental disorders. Unipolar major depression and al- Alison J. Huang, MPhil University of California ON THE COVER cohol abuse, the top 2 on this list, caused more years lost to disability San Francisco Christopher Adams, 1 School of Medicine Columbia University, than the next 5 combined. Pam Rajendran College of Physicians The public remains reluctant, however, to respond to this public Boston University and Surgeons, School of Medicine health problem. A 1996 poll found that most people would be un- Tripods, white Associate Editors willing to support paying for mental illness treatment if it would lead stoneware, low-fire 2 Rahul Rajkumar underglaze, 22.8 ϫ to increases in their premiums or taxes. Legislators appear similarly Yale University ϫ School of Medicine 22.8 22.8 cm. reluctant to support measures that would make mental health care more Teri A. Reynolds, PhD accessible. In his report on mental health, the US surgeon general urged University of California San Francisco proper public education to remove the misperceptions and stigma of School of Medicine mental illnesses that prevent them from being treated like other types John F. Staropoli of medical illness.3 This task will likely prove difficult as mental ill- Columbia University College of Physicians nesses have suffered from misperception and stigma ever since and Surgeons ancient times. -
Autographes & Manuscrits
_25_06_15 AUTOGRAPHES & MANUSCRITS & AUTOGRAPHES Pierre Bergé & associés Société de Ventes Volontaires_agrément n°2002-128 du 04.04.02 Paris 92 avenue d’Iéna 75116 Paris T. +33 (0)1 49 49 90 00 F. +33 (0)1 49 49 90 01 Bruxelles Avenue du Général de Gaulle 47 - 1050 Bruxelles Autographes & Manuscrits T. +32 (0)2 504 80 30 F. +32 (0)2 513 21 65 PARIS - JEUDI 25 juIN 2015 www.pba-auctions.com VENTE AUX ENCHÈRES PUBLIQUES PARIS Pierre Bergé & associés AUTOGRAPHES & MANUSCRITS DATE DE LA VENTE / DATE OF THE AUCTION Jeudi 25 juin 2015 - 13 heures 30 June Thursday 25th 2015 at 1:30 pm LIEU DE VENTE / LOCATION Drouot-Richelieu - Salle 8 9, rue Drouot 75009 Paris EXPOSITION PRIVÉE / PRIVATE VieWinG Sur rendez-vous à la Librairie Les Autographes 45 rue de l’Abbé Grégoire 75006 Paris T. + 33 (0)1 45 48 25 31 EXPOSITIONS PUBLIQUES / PUBlic VieWinG Mercredi 24 juin de 11 heures à 18 heures Jeudi 25 juin de 11 heures à 12 heures June Wednesday 24th from 11:00 am to 6:00 pm June Thursday 25th from 11:00 am to 12:00 pm TÉLÉPHONE PENDANT L’EXPOSITION PUBLIQUE ET LA VENTE T. +33 (0)1 48 00 20 08 CONTACTS POUR LA VENTE Eric Masquelier T. + 33 (0)1 49 49 90 31 - [email protected] Sophie Duvillier T. + 33 (0)1 49 49 90 10 - [email protected] EXPERT POUR LA VENTE Thierry Bodin Syndicat Français des Experts Professionnels en Œuvres d'Art 45 rue de l'Abbé Grégoire, 75006 Paris T. -
Research at the Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne Psychiatry and Neurosciences RESEARCH ACTIVITY REPORT 2016 the CH Sainte-Anne and Its Research Activity
Clinical Research • Psychiatry • Neurosciences Translational Research • Reversible Continuum Pre-clinical / Clinical / Public Health Research Basic Research • Collaborative Research Research at the Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne Psychiatry and Neurosciences RESEARCH ACTIVITY REPORT 2016 The CH Sainte-Anne and its research activity The Sainte-Anne site has been at the forefront of major discoveries, advances and innovations History of research at CHSA 3 in scientific and biomedical matters in the domain of fundamental and clinical psychiatry and neurosciences. 4 The topics and domains of A pioneer amongst non-teaching hospital centres, the CH Sainte-Anne has the advantage of research being a hospital specialising in brain disorders, combining different departments of psychiatry, child psychiatry and clinical neurosciences. Sainte-Anne, a unique site of interaction between 6 The advantages of the psychiatry and neurosciences, covers a large population and a high number of active records Sainte-Anne site for (more than 34,000 patients treated every year at the hôpital Sainte-Anne). research Headquarters of the Regional Hospital Group (GHT - Groupement Hospitalier de Territoire) “Paris-Psychiatrie et Neurosciences”, the CH Sainte-Anne is at the heart of Parisian psychiatric 12 Typology / qualification and challenges and referrals for neurosciences. Lastly, Sainte-Anne also intends to strengthen its regulatory procedures of bonds with other actors in biomedical research, and especially with the Inserm (through the New Psychiatry and Neurosciences Centre) and the Pasteur Institute, with which Sainte- clinical research projects Anne is currently affiliated. The goal of the “Paris – Psychiatrie & Neurosciences” GHT is to find ways to better describe and to gain a better understanding of the brain and its disorders The topics and domains of 16 (pathophysiology) in order to ensure better prevention and better healthcare, owing to its research of the clinical units strategic vision of integrating basic as well as clinical research in Psychiatry and Neurosciences. -
This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy r e v u e n e u r o l o g i q u e 1 6 8 ( 2 0 1 2 ) 3 8 9 – 4 0 2 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com History of Neurology Figures and Institutions of the neurological sciences in Paris from 1800 to 1950. Part IV: Psychiatry and psychology Les figures et institutions des sciences neurologiques a` Paris de 1800 a` 1950. Partie IV : psychiatrie et psychologie a b c,d e,f, J. Poirier , F. Clarac , J.-G. Barbara , E. Broussolle * a Hoˆpital Pitie´-Salpeˆtrie`re, 47-83, boulevard de l’Hoˆpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France b CNRS, UMR 6196, laboratoire plasticite´ et physiopathologie de la motricite´, universite´ Aix-Marseille-II, 31, chemin Joseph-Aiguier, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France c CNRS, UMRS 7102, laboratoire de neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs, universite´ Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, case 14, 4, place Jussieu, -
Thomas A. Ban Barry Blackwell, Samuel Gershon, Peter R. Martin, Gregers Wegener
International Network for the History of Neuropsychopharmacology Educational E-Books Thomas A. Ban Barry Blackwell, Samuel Gershon, Peter R. Martin, Gregers Wegener INHN 2014 Edited by Peter R. Martin International Network for the History of Neuropsychopharmacology Risskov 2015 2 Contents PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... 10 HISTORICAL DICTIONARY IN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY ................................. 14 Active reflex by Joseph Knoll ................................................................................................ 16 Amine oxidase by Joseph Knoll............................................................................................. 17 Anna Monika Prize by Samuel Gershon ................................................................................ 18 Ataraxic drugs by Carlos R. Hojaij ........................................................................................ 19 Catecholaminergic activity enhancer effect by Joseph Knoll ................................................ 20 Component specific clinical trial by Martin M. Katz ............................................................ 21 Dahlem Conferences by Jules Angst ..................................................................................... 22 Delay’s classification by Carlos R. Hojaij ............................................................................. 23 Depressors of affect by Carlos R. Hojaij .............................................................................. -
Jean Delay – Une Lumière En Dehors De Son Siécle
JEAN DELAY – UNE LUMIÈRE EN DEHORS DE SON SIÉCLE M. MARINESCU1, AL. MARINESCU2 Abstract. The authors evoke the personnality and the path left by Jean Delay (1907–1987), a great French psychiatrist, who introduced the neuroleptics in the treatment of mental diseases, but also an important personality of literature and philosophy of science. On pense que c’est Philippe Pinel en 1801, qui à libéré les fous. C’est vrai, il les à sorti des prisons ou ils partageaient les mêmes cellules que les violeurs et les criminels. Mais il s’agit là juste d’un premier regard sur la maladie mentale car, une fois sortis des geôles, ils ont été mis dans des établissements psychiatriques asilaires, dont la sortie était très rare du vivant du patient. Il a fallu attendre un siècle et demi de plus, avant l’étude de la chlorpromazine, découverte par Henri Laborit et utilisé à l’hôpital militaire du Val De Grace pour provoquer l’hibernation artificielle. Jean Delay, en 1952 est chef de service à l’hôpital Sainte-Anne, à Paris : c’est lui, avec ses collaborateurs, J.M. Harl et P. Deniker, qui va étudier les effets sédatifs de la chlorpromazine dans les états d’agitation des patients psychiatriques, appelant l’effet de la molécule « ganglioplégique » puis « neuroplégique » et enfin, ce qui reste toujours valable aujourd’hui, « neuroleptique », avant de présenter au Congrès Mondial de Psychiatrie, en 1961, une classification des substances psychotropes en fonction de leur activité sur le système nerveux central. Rien que pour cela, le nom de Jean Delay devrait être gardé en mémoire. -
42 Antipsychotic Drugs Oliver Freudenreich, MD, Donald C
42 Antipsychotic Drugs Oliver Freudenreich, MD, Donald C. Goff, MD, and David C. Henderson, MD KEY POINTS • All antipsychotics share dopamine2 blockade as the second-generation antipsychotics, metabolic problems presumed main mechanism of action. (e.g., weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia) have • Primary symptom targets of antipsychotics are positive emerged as major problems. symptoms (disorganization, delusions, and • First- and second-generation antipsychotics are equally hallucinations) and agitation; their efficacy for negative effective for non-refractory patients with schizophrenia. symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia is For refractory patients, olanzapine, and in particular questionable. Increasingly, antipsychotics are used for clozapine, have been the most efficacious. treatment of mood disorders. • Clozapine has minimal or no risk of inducing EPS and • Historically, antipsychotics have been grouped is the most effective antipsychotic. However, its clinical into first-generation antipsychotics (typical or use is limited to refractory patients because of serious conventional antipsychotics, which are all characterized side effects (including metabolic problems and by their risk of extrapyramidal symptoms [EPS]) and agranulocytosis that requires white blood cell count second-generation antipsychotics (with a reduced risk of monitoring). EPS; hence they are called “atypical” antipsychotics). • Currently available antipsychotics have variable efficacy However, antipsychotics within each class are not and tolerability and need to be selected on the basis of necessarily interchangeable. individualized risk–benefit assessments (i.e., balancing • The main risks of first-generation antipsychotics are the degree of symptomatic response with day-to-day neurological side effects (e.g., dystonias, akathisia, tolerability and long-term medical morbidity, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia [TD]); for most particularly cardiovascular risk). -
History of Psychopharmacology
CP15CH02_Braslow ARjats.cls April 12, 2019 13:51 Annual Review of Clinical Psychology History of Psychopharmacology Joel T. Braslow1,2 and Stephen R. Marder1,3 1Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1759, USA; email: [email protected] 2Department of History, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1759, USA 3Veterans Administration Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 2019. 15:25–50 Keywords First published as a Review in Advance on psychopharmacology, history, antipsychotics, antidepressants, mental February 20, 2019 illness, treatment The Annual Review of Clinical Psychology is online at clinpsy.annualreviews.org Abstract https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718- We live in an age of psychopharmacology. One in six persons currently takes 095514 a psychotropic drug. These drugs have profoundly shaped our scientific and Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 2019.15:25-50. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Copyright © 2019 by Annual Reviews. cultural understanding of psychiatric disease. By way of a historical review, All rights reserved we try to make sense of psychiatry’s dependency on psychiatric drugs in the Access provided by University of California - Los Angeles UCLA on 05/29/19. For personal use only. care of patients. Modern psychopharmacology began in 1950 with the syn- thesis of chlorpromazine. Over the course of the next 50 years, the psychi- atric understanding and treatment of mental illness radically changed. Psy- chotropic drugs played a major part in these changes as state hospitals closed and psychotherapy gave way to drug prescriptions. -
Magic Bullet in the Head? Psychiatric Revolutions and Their Aftermath Nicolas Henckes
Magic Bullet in the Head? Psychiatric Revolutions and Their Aftermath Nicolas Henckes To cite this version: Nicolas Henckes. Magic Bullet in the Head? Psychiatric Revolutions and Their Aftermath. Jeremy A. Greene; Flurin Condrau; Elizabeth S. Watkins. Therapeutic Revolutions: Pharmaceuticals and Social Change in the Twentieth Century, University of Chicago Press, pp.65-96, 2016, 9780226390871. hal-01449102 HAL Id: hal-01449102 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01449102 Submitted on 30 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Magic Bullet in the Head? Psychiatric Revolutions and Their Aftermath Nicolas Henckes a a. Chargé de Recherche CNRS CERMES3 – Centre de Recherche Médecine , Sciences, Santé, Santé mentale et Société - CNRS UMR8211 – INSERM U988 – EHESS – UPD 7 rue Guy Môquet 94801 Villejuif Cedex [email protected] Prepublication version of: Henckes, Nicolas 2016, Magic Bullet in the Head? Psychiatric Revolutions and Their Aftermath, In: Jeremy A. Greene, Flurin Condrau and Elizabeth S. Watkins, eds., Therapeutic Revolutions: Pharmaceuticals and Social Change in the Twentieth Century, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, pp. 65-96 Abstract: This chapter examines the emergence and rise of a rhetoric of revolutionary change in western Psychiatry from the post-war period to the 2000s. -
Terese Lemperiere
IN THE BEGINNING IN PARIS THÉRÈSE LEMPÉRIÈRE When did you join the department of Psychiatry in Paris? I began in Sainte Anne in the service of Professor Delay in 1950 as an intern - a resident. It was my first job in psychiatry. I stayed there for a year and after that I went to the Salpétrière to finish my training in neurology with Alajouanine and Garcin and in child neuropsychiatry with Michaux. During this year in Sainte Anne I had the chance to get to know psychiatry before the arrival of the neuroleptics. At that time we were giving a lot of electroshock and the Insulin Coma treatment of Sakel but if all of that failed one felt very helpless. Were you with the university department or were you in the hospital? I was in the service of Professor Delay which was the only university service of psychiatry in the hospital. I was working with Deniker who at that time was a young assistant. How many patients were there in the hospital at the time? In the service of Professor Delay there was approximately 200 patients. Altogether in Sainte Anne there were approximately 1000 patients. The services were overcrowded and living conditions were very mediocre. The medical heads of departments were competent practitioners but they were working in very difficult conditions with few collaborators. Sainte Anne was the only psychiatric hospital within the boundaries of Paris. How many patients did you have to look after? Approximately 50 but this was under the supervision of Deniker. In Delay’s service, which was a university service, the number of medical people was much greater than in other services. -
Neuroleptic Was Coined by Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker, Who First Used the Drug in Psychiatry, and Means "Attaching to the Neuron’
CPS001727-0001 Source: Toxic i-’s3,chiatrv. Dr Peter t3reggin. Published bv Harper (’ffflms HALOPERIDOL (HALDOL) NEUROLEPTIC Neuroleptic was coined by Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker, who first used the drug in psychiatry, and means "attaching to the neuron’. Delay and Deniker intended the term to underscore the toxic impact of the drug on nerve cells. [pg 61 ] The neuroleptics are the most frequently prescribed drugs in mental hospitals, and they are widely used as well in board-and-care homes, nursing homes, institutions for people with mental retardation, children’s facilities, and prisons. They also are ~ven to millions of patients in public clinics and to hundreds of thousands in private psychiatric offices. Too often they are prescribed for anxiety,, sleep problems, and other difficulties in a manner that runs contrary to the usual recommendations. And too often they are administered to children with behaviour problems, even children who are living at home and going to school. [pg 62] Of the estimated two million patients in nursing homes, many of them are on neuroleptics. [pg 63] In recent years, haloperidoi, under the trade name Haldol, has become the most prescribed neuroleptic. [pg 63/64] A picture of the use of drugs in the UK is given by Lucy Johnstone: ’40 per cent of patients on major tranquillizers did not have a diagnosis Of schizophrenia, while nearly one-half of the patients on antidepressants did not have a diagnosis of clinical depression. A previous survey had found that 40 per cent of patients with problems of a known physical origin such as dementia were taking major tranquillizers, which would hardly have enhanced whatever degree of mental functioning they still had.’ [pg 64i65] The Clinical Impact of the Neuroleptics Textbooks of psychiatry and review articles claim that the neuroleptics have a specific antipsychotic effect.