February 2014
A Newsletter of Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail
Volcanoes of Lewis and Clark pg. 6 amended to create new categories of trails, (B) It must be of national significance such as National Historic Trails or to change with respect to any of several broad facets From the Superintendent specific aspects of the law. In 1978 the act of American history, such as trade and was amended to create the second group of commerce, exploration, migration and trails, four historic and one scenic. Included settlement, or military campaigns. To qualify as nationally significant, historic use of the in this group was the Lewis and Clark National Trails System Act trail must have had a far reaching effect on National Historic Trail. In 2009, the Act was The Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, a trail broad patterns of American culture. Trails amended to allow historic trails to acquire of approximately three thousand seven hundred miles, significant in the history of Native Americans land from willing sellers. Today, the Trails may be included. extending from Wood River, Illinois, to the mouth of the Columbia River in Oregon, following the outbound and Act is currently 32 pages long. (C) It must have significant potential for inbound routes of the Lewis and Clark Expedition depicted public recreational use or National Historic Trails on maps identified as, 'Vicinity Map, Lewis and Clark Trail' historical interest based are those which closely study report dated April l977. The map shall be on file and on historic interpretation follow historic routes. To available for public inspection in the office of the Director, and appreciation. The qualify for designation as a National Park Service, Washington, D.C. The trail shall potential for such use is be administered by the Secretary of the Interior. No land National Historic Trail they generally greater along roadless segments developed or interest in land outside the exterior boundaries of any must meet three criteria as as historic trails and at federally administered area may be acquired by the Federal Mark Weekley, Superintendent set forth in Section 5 of the historic sites associated Government for the trail except with the consent of the owner Act: with the trail. The presence of the land or interest in land. The authority of the Federal Government to acquire fee title under (A) It must be a trail or of recreation potential route established by historic this paragraph shall be limited to an average of not more than 1/4 mile on either side of the trail. not related to historic use and must be historically appreciation is not sufficient significant as a result of justification for designation that use. The route need under this category. The language above, from the National Trails Long distance trails are designated by acts not currently exist as a discernible trail to qualify, System Act’s 1978 amendment, directed of Congress. This typically occurs after but its location must be the creation the Lewis and Clark National extensive study and public input. However, Addressing these three sufficiently known to Historic Trail and provided critical guidance the enabling legislation for long distance permit evaluation of public criteria thoroughly and to to those charged with administrating it. trails, including the Lewis and Clark the satisfaction of Congress recreation and historical National Trails System Act of 1968 While this amendment to the Act is only a National Historic Trail, is a bit different than interest potential. A designated is a very high hurdle. The few sentences long, it has profound impact the legislation for most “traditional” NPS trail should generally accurately follow the Act actually specifies in detail 10 steps that on how the trail is administered. The rest areas. Unlike the legislation for most NPS historic route, but may deviate somewhat must be followed to determine if a proposed of the act also contains important guidance areas, national trails are created by amending on occasion of necessity to avoid difficult historic trail actually meets the three criteria routing through subsequent development, or and direction that applies to all long distance listed above. For a number of reasons it the National Trails System Act of 1968. to provide some route variations offering a trails. There are also many other laws and appears that this hurdle has become harder The Trails Act was first passed in 1968 more pleasurable recreational experience. regulations that come into play regarding Such deviations shall be so noted on site. Trail to meet today than in the past. Fortunately, and created the first two National Scenic how trails should be administered. However, segments no longer possible to travel by trail in 1978, Congress agreed that the Lewis and Trails (NST); the Appalachian NST and the if you want to have a better understanding of due to subsequent development as motorized Clark Trail met the criteria to be a National Pacific Crest NST. In later years the act was the legal side of national trails, a great place transportation routes may be designated and Historic Trail. ■ to start is by reading the National Trails amended many times to add new trails for marked onsite as segments which link to the System Act. a current total of 30. The act has also been historic trail.
2 The Trail Companion Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail 3 When you volunteer it means you give yourself without any regression, without condition, but with full devotion.” Volunteers-in-Action ~Faith Tomaquin On Monday, January 27, 2014, the quarterly presented Persis with a Charbonneau awards social took place at the Lewis and Pendleton Blanket on behalf of the volunteer 9,063 Hours of Service Clark Interpretive Center (Center) in corps and staff, as a token for her service Great Falls, Montana. The event included a and friendship. Jane Weber, former Center recognition awards ceremony and a potluck Director, presented Persis with the prestigious luncheon. Several volunteers received “Jeffersonian Award.” This award has only recognition for the countless hours donated been given twice since the Center's opening in to the Center. 1998. Elizabeth Casselli, U.S. Forest Service, presented Persis with the “President’s Call The to Service Award,” along with a letter signed by President Obama and a letter signed by Thomas Tidwell, Chief of the U.S. Forest Service. President Obama’s Volunteers enjoying the evening. words were highlight of the day was the recognition of “Thank Persis Webster of Great Falls, Montana retires after 15 years and 9,063 hours of Volunteer Service at the Persis Webster for her 15 years of dedicated Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail Interpretive Center you for service to the Center. She has volunteered a your total of 9,063 hours for the U.S. Forest Service devotion at the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in to service Great Falls, Montana from its opening in May and for Persis Webster is recognized by Volunteers are the lifeblood of the Lewis so many ways, like Ms. Webster. Join me in 1998, until her retirement in December 2013. Elizabeth Casselli. doing all and Clark National Historic Trail. They celebrating Persis Webster, who gave 9,063 During her tenure Persis amassed more volunteer hours than any of her peers. She selflessly dedicate their lives for the hours of her time to the Lewis and Clark you can to shape a better has served as exhibit hall docent, trail docent, betterment of the organization and the National Historic Trail Interpretive Center tomorrow for our great education volunteer, special event volunteer, community. Lewis and Clark National in Great Falls, Montana. She is a testament Nation.” Persis is the and in a behind-the-scenes capacity and Historic Trail applauds Volunteer Managers to the power of service. Congratulations on first Interpretive Center has done special talks, teaching and leading your retirement, Persis! Volunteer to receive this along the trail who honor and celebrate students and adults (both indoors and esteemed recognition. ■ their volunteers. Volunteers give so much in Nichole McHenry, outdoors), answering visitor questions, Volunteer Program Manager answering the telephone, typing, data entry in Access and Excel, and more. By Bob Brown, Resource Assitant U.S. Forest Service, Lewis and Clark Supervisory Interpreter Jeff LaRock Interpretive Center. Great Falls, Montana.
4 The Trail Companion Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail 5 18 Trailscapes Volcanoes of Lewis and Clark WASHINGTON
by Ryan M. Cooper, Geographer Mount Rainier in Washington is the highest of the Cascade peaks seen by Lewis and Clark, at During their outbound expedition to the 14,410 feet. It first erupted about half a million Mt. Rainer Pacific Ocean, the Corps of Discovery years ago and is known to have erupted as Photo by Daniel Keebler encountered many landscapes and geologic recently as the 1840s. Due to its proximity to the features with which they were completely populous Seattle-Tacoma, Washington area, it is unfamiliar. In October of 1805, Lewis and potentially the most dangerous of the Cascade Clark and the Corps of Discovery first volcanoes. Photo by Lyn Topinka traveled down the Clearwater, Snake, and At 12,276 feet, Mount Adams in Washington Columbia Rivers and into the volcanic Pacific Mt. St. Helens Mt. Adams Northwest region. As they entered this new is one of the largest volcanoes in the Cascade region, they encountered the unique lava Range. Lewis and Clark described Mt. Adams as flows of the Columbia Plateau, chiseled a “high humped Mountain”. It has erupted less Photo by Benjamin Zingg landscapes carved by the floods of glacial frequently during the past few thousand years Lake Missoula, and the monumental beauty of than the neighboring volcanoes. five volcanoes in the Cascade Range. These Mount St. Helens in Washington is located 50 striking and powerful volcanic peaks served as miles to the northeast of Portland, Oregon. Clark important landmarks along their journey and noted that Mount St. Helens “rises something were identified (and often misidentified) in in the form of a Sugar lofe,” but incorrectly Mt. Hood the journals of expedition members. speculated that its peak was perhaps the highest in America. Mount St. Helens stood at 9,677 feet ... from the Columbia at the entrance of the tall before its violent and destructive eruption on Multonomah river Mount Jefferson bears S. May 18, 1980. It now stands at 8,364 feet tall. E. this is a noble mountain. I think equally Photo by Oregon’s Mt. Hood Territory as high as Mount St. Helines but it's distance Mount Hood is 11,245 feet high, the highest peak being much greater than that of the latter, so in Oregon. It was described by Clark in 1805 Mt. Jefferson great a portion of it dose not appear above the as a “conocal form covered with snow.” Clark range of mountains which lie betwen boath named the mountain “Timm Mountain” and also those stupendious mountains and this point of “Falls Mountain”. The last eruptive episode of OREGON view. like M. St. Heleans from the same point Mount Hood was in the 1790s, shortly before the boar N , Mount Hood due East, and Mount arrival of the Corps of Discovery. Ranier nearly North. there is also a very high At 10,495 feet, Mount Jefferson in Oregon has humped mountain [Mt. Adams] a little to the erupted repeatedly for hundreds of thousands of Photo by Lyn Topinka East of Mount St. Heleans which appears to years. Lewis and Clark noted Mount Jefferson lie in the same chain with those conic pointed in March of 1806 and named it after President mountains before mentioned. ... Thomas Jefferson. Lewis described “snow clad” [Meriwether Lewis, April 6, 1806] Mount Jefferson as a “noble Mountain.” ■
6 The Trail Companion 16 17 The Trailhead One Section at a Time by Neal Bedlan, Outdoor Recreation Planner used to hire five students from Wasco County's trail connection is an excellent example of the Northwest Youth Corps who worked to great work being done along the Lewis and build this Clark Trail. connector trail. I saw There are many this group in “small” trails action and or viewpoints they were that capture impressive. the spectacular The trail landscape of work was the Lewis and done by hand Clark National and normally Historic Trail. was done I'm certain during the you have hot summer experienced temperatures. such trails. Although small, The crew they provide Kate McBride, Land Trust Manager for the Friends of the Columbia Gorge; Renee Tkach, Gorge Towns to Trails Project Manager; Wasco County’s Northwest Youth Corps members working on the and Neal Bedlan discuss the proposed Mosier trail connection from atop of the Mosier Plateau in 2011. NPS Photo . worked Mosier Plateau Trial connection. a connection as a team to make two NPS Photo. to the Lewis and large staircases on a steep Clark story in your slope, making the trail connection possible. In community and may play a role in connecting to speaking with the Youth Corps members they other trails in the future; for now they provide In 2011, while along the Lewis and Clark NHT therefore providing trailgoers with breathtaking were very proud of everything the crew was an opportunity to outdoor enthusiasts to in the Columbia Gorge area I was fortunate to views of the Lewis and Clark Trail and the able to accomplish. I could tell the crew would actively experience the Lewis and Clark NHT visit the site of a proposed trail near the City Columbia Gorge at the Mosier Plateau. be coming back to this place in the future to in many communities along the Trail; each small of Mosier, OR. The proposed trail would show others what they were able to do. This section adds up! ■ connect Mosier Pocket Park to land owned by In 2013, the Mosier Plateau Trail connection the Friends of the Columbia Gorge Land Trust, was made possible when donated funds were
8 The Trail Companion 8 Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail 9 Welcome to This welcome serves as the foundation and adoption in a manner that reinvigorates Honoring Tribal Legacies for the work that will become a part of a the passion and commitment that so many comprehensive handbook addressing the need educators had when they dreamed about to design curriculum honoring tribal legacies. becoming an amazing teacher. The Handbook Along the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail The Handbook on Designing Curriculum will advance powerful curriculum expressions Honoring Tribal Legacies: An Epic Journey of that invoke the Big Idea, convey Enduring An Epic Journey of Healing Healing will present a chance to embrace the Understandings, present Essential Questions, spirit and vision of what has been accomplished and ask and answer Entry Questions associated to arrive at this point in history where with honoring tribal legacies. The Handbook appreciation, respect, and love of learning are will advance a place-based multiliteracies interwoven to create a stronger, compassionate, framework to designing curriculum that and more resilient America. We need to revisit conceptualizes teaching and learning as a the history of the Lewis and Clark expedition holistic and dynamic process. Dynamic in that (1804–06) to honor the past, present, and future the process involves the interactions among voices of Tribal communities. Observations many elements that can rekindle and maintain of the Bicentennial of the Corps of Discovery the curiosity that we are all born with and that The Honoring Tribal Legacies project has Vision involved millions of taxpayer dollars, should be cultivated in American classrooms, progressed significantly over the past two years. donations, and tribal resources invested in today and tomorrow. The Handbook will follow Teachers and professional curriculum designers The purpose . . . is to offer America and our exhibitions, commemorative activities, research established precedents and plans of action children an opportunity to learn who they are – have worked to create a handbook that will guide publications, and the recording of a vast already in progress that recognize the need educators how to design curriculum that honors an opportunity to learn about the Lewis & Clark Trail and the people of the Lewis & Clark Trail. collection of oral histories from representatives for our classrooms, and indeed our society, to the legacies of tribes, not only the tribes whose And when I say that, I mean that the people who of more than forty tribes along the National embrace an epic journey of healing to make homelands have always existed within the area were there when Lewis & Clark went through Park Service’s Lewis and Clark National sure that all of us are capable of addressing that Lewis and Clark journeyed through over or whose territory Lewis & Clark went through. Historic Trail (hereafter referred to as the Trail). together the most pressing circumstances that 200 years ago, but also to give voice to any Native We try to look at . . . [it] in at least four different It takes time for this outpouring of interest and the human population has ever faced in the peoples in American History. elements: what life was like before Lewis & Clark, productivity to have a significant impact upon history of civilization. what happened during the Lewis & Clark journey, higher education, as well as on our classroom what happened during the last two hundred years, The handbook is taking shape. It includes and finally, and I think one of the most important textbooks and therefore our students and The Handbook will not address the all too curriculum models that can be replicated or aspects, is what we are going to do in the future. I society. real colonization and genocide that tribal adapted, but most significantly it gives context grew up in a tradition of the Mandans and Hidatsas communities experienced as a result of the to why it is important, vital really, to have on my reservation in North Dakota listening to the The Handbook will set forth the rationale for Manifest Destiny policies of an expanding such models in today’s educational landscape. elders, listening to the people tell their stories. We designing curriculum about honoring Native nation obsessed with staking out and claiming More information about this handbook will be offer this opportunity today for you to listen and to memory that was so very potent and vital in territory at all cost (Miller, 2008). It is not about learn. forthcoming, but for now, please ponder the the past and yet still rings true in the present, the untold multitude of Native children who Vision of Honoring Tribal Legacies with the and more importantly to our collective futures have suffered the intergenerational effects of Gerard Baker (Mandan and Hidatsa) following excerpt from the handbook’s welcome as a nation. The Handbook will embrace and historical trauma brought about by colonization Superintendent, Lewis and Clark National by noted authors, Doctors CHiXapkaid Pavel, confront all the influences that are brought to and genocide. It is not about the highest Historic Trail, 2000-2004 Stephanie Wood and Ella Inglebret: the forefront of curriculum planning, design suicide rates, abject poverty, lowest educational continued on page 12
10 The Trail Companion Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail 11 attainment, teenage pregnancy, or substance A Time to Honor Our Ancestors Worldwide abuse. Those realities haunt us every day. This A Volcano Handbook is about honoring tribal legacies …every culture honors its ancestors in order to embody the reality that tribal through ritual at some time during the communities still exist despite the widespread year. Flowers, candles, greenery, and in Nebraska? long-term campaign to undermine their place symbols of beauty are always used in in society and are still relevant today. It is a one form or another. Such heartfelt Ionia Volcano means to enjoy the power of positive thinking offerings are a natural expression of the that there are teachings in honoring tribal gratitude we feel for what we have received legacies and to seize the opportunity to refocus from those who have passed on. . . . We On August 24, 1804, Captain Clark wrote: Nevertheless, the site near the town of our mind set to promote learning among recognize that the gifts we are thankful Ionia (northeast of present-day Newcastle, Native and non-Native children in America’s for today have deep roots in the past.. . . we Set out at the usial time and proceeded… Nebraska), became known as Ionia Volcano. classrooms. . Indigenous peoples worldwide believe to the Commencement of a blue Clay Bluff of that these spirits literally stand behind us 180 or 190 feet high on the L.S. Those Bluffs A flood in 1878 nearly destroyed the town of In his bestseller, The Brain that Changes Itself: to support us . . . They believe these spirits appear to have been latterly on fire, and at Ionia and undermined the bluffs and a large Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers are invested in seeing that the current this time is too hot for a man to bear his hand section of Ionia Volcano fell into the Missouri of Brain Science, Norman Doidge (2007) generation and those to come can fulfill in the earth at any depth… River. Rumors of volcanic activity in the area reminds us that the act of refocusing is essential their dreams, or life purpose. persisted into the early 20th Century. Today, to healing and so when we honor tribal legacies Later river travelers frequently noticed what a small wayside pullout and interpretive sign it is to refocus and tell a story not of tragedy Angeles Arrien, 2011 appeared to be thick smoke and fire in the area. across from the Ionia Cemetery can be found but more so of the triumph, to look away from Living in Gratitude: A Journey That Will The source of the heat was not due to volcanic along what remains of the bluffs.■ a deficient way of perceiving toward a more Change Your Life, p. 102 activity, but was actually a chemical reaction asset oriented perspective, and that death, among the various minerals from the bluff dying and despair are counter balanced by life, Honoring tribal legacies is about healing for the eroding into the river below. living and joy. Such possibilities present us with sake of goodness; a goodness extended to the many choices. It even expands the two futures young people of this world who need heroes expressed by Peter Diamandis and Steven and true stories of inspiration to aspire, to Kotler (2012) in Abundance: The Future is dream, and to strive to meaningfully contribute Better than You Think where the choice might to the health and vitality of their communities be to either revert to a luddite mode of living or each and every day. It is a bold and courageous to accept an amped up version of merging with act of kindness and consideration that oozes technology to experience ultra-enhancement strength and integrity. both physically and cognitively. Honoring tribal legacies may defy and transcend both time and The ultimate reward, benefit and outcome will space by embracing ancestral teachings to guide be more laughter, learning and loyalty all across our futures; our dynamic of way of being is ever this great country. Is that possible? Absolutely, it evolving yet steadfastly grounded and rooted is possible. ■ in the existence of our ancestors who came before us. As a result, it cultivates a personal responsibility to care for those who will come after us. Why deny ourselves such a reality?
Photo by Tom Wandel, compliments of Indelible Images.
12 The Trail Companion pounds of iron to define the basic shape of only two sections of “the Experiment” Little Known Facts of the vessel. Hides to cover both sections (as the boat was called by members of the added 55 pounds, for a total of 99 pounds expedition). up to that point in the fabrication process. of the Lewis & Clark Expedition Wood and bark used for thwarts, struts and When fitted together, those two prototype by Dr. H. Carl Camp reinforcements added another 63 pounds, sections would have produced a boat less meaning the combined weight of the two than 10 feet long. However, as he prepared The Myth of Captain Lewis's sections amounted to 162 pounds. In terms to launch the expedition, Lewis listed in of length, the curved section figured out to his inventory of supplies and equipment Ultra-light Iron Boat be about 4 feet and 9 inches and the semi- “1 Iron frame canoe 40 feet long.” Clearly, he contemplated an iron-framed boat business at the armory was finished, there cylindrical section came to 4 feet and 6 composed of more than two sections. to receive tutoring in the natural sciences, inches. Nevertheless, the mythical dimensions medicine and celestial navigation from some In his letter from Lancaster to the president, of the iron boat, as it came to be called in of the nation’s leading scientists. Lewis, Lewis triumphantly reported the merits of later times, gained a firm foothold in the however, prolonged his stay at Harpers Ferry the boat: “Thus the weight of this vessel burgeoning literature about the Lewis and in order to supervise the trial-and-error competent to a burthen [burden] of 1,770 Clark expedition. It became entrenched as efforts of the ironworkers to get the design lbs. amount[s] to no more than 99 lbs….” it was repeated over and over in a variety of of the experimental vessel “just right.” That Well, not quite; Lewis was fudging the stats a publications. No less an authority on the put him three weeks behind schedule. little. That figure of 99 included 44 pounds expedition than Lewis’s biographer, Stephen The absence of any diagrams or charts of iron and 55 of hides, but it ignored the E. Ambrose, repeated the myth in his H. Carl Camp, Retired Volunteer detailing the design of the unusual boat additional 63 pounds of wood and bark used influential book, Undaunted Courage. Even is both puzzling and disappointing. The in the two sections he tested at Harpers as late as 2004, otherwise knowledgeable Ferry. Even so, whether at 99 pounds, or the authors were still touting the myth of the Captain Meriwether Lewis began in earnest papers and effects of Lewis and Jefferson have not yielded any such documents, nor actual weight of 162 pounds, the total weight 99-pound iron boat. his preparations for the expedition that have the records at Harpers Ferry or the was notably on the light side. bears his name when he visited the nation’s That this misreading, or misinterpretation, War Department. Fortunately, posterity armory at Harpers Ferry in late March of Lewis’s highly selective description of the of the historical record assumed such does have Lewis’s fairly detailed verbal 1803. He and his mentor, President Thomas principal features of his “favorite boat” is mythical proportions in the Lewis and Clark description of the two prototype sections of Jefferson, had estimated his mission there undoubtedly the source of a durable myth saga is quite astonishing in view of the ready the boat in his letter to President Jefferson would take about one week. It took four. that evolved over time into the popular accessibility of the full complement of facts on April 20, 1803. perception of a collapsible iron-framed bearing upon the eventual assembly of the As Lewis explained to Jefferson in his letter lightweight vessel of only 99 pounds iron boat at the Great Falls of the Missouri of April 20th from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Lewis described one section as “Curved,” or, according to some less observant in July of 1805. Much like the boat itself, all the most time-consuming task turned out like the prow of a voyageur’s canoe; the interpreters, maybe as little as 44 pounds. of the relevant facts awaited some sharp- to be the design, fabrication and testing of other was straight and “Semi-cylindrical,” What the later propagators of this duo of eyed observer to come along and assemble two prototype sections of an experimental like the body of the same. The frame of the Lewis and Clark myths failed to realize was them, thereby setting the record straight. “collapsible” iron-framed boat he proposed curved section contained 22 pounds of iron, that those figures represented the weight to take on the expedition. He was supposed as did that of the semi-cylindrical section; to head to Philadelphia as soon as his hence, the two sections required only 44 continued on page 17
14 The Trail Companion Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail 15 21 Little Known Facts, continued from page 11 Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail That long-delayed event finally took place. Experiment” once it was fully assembled. Interactive Trail Atlas In a tightly-reasoned and well-written essay Two curved sections, the stem and stern, entitled “Meriwether Lewis’s Ingenious contained 44 pounds of iron (no surprise Iron Boat,” published in We Proceeded there), 50 pounds of hides and 62 pounds Give it a Try! On (May 2003), Mark W. Jordan “put two- of wood and bark, for a combined weight and-two together,” so to speak, and laid of 156 pounds. The six remaining semi- the foundation for dispelling the myth of cylindrical sections making up the boat’s Captain Lewis’s ultra-light iron boat. He body would have contained 132 pounds National Park Service combined the crucial data recorded in of iron, 180 pounds of hides (28 elk skins U.S. Department of the Interior Lewis’s Lancaster letter to Jefferson with and 4 buffalo hides), 222 pounds of Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail two vital pieces of information about the wood and bark, for a total of 534 pounds. boat’s assembly at the falls: there Lewis Added together, the two curved and six wrote in his journal that the finished semi-cylindrical sections weighed in all Interactive Trail Atlas boat was 36 feet long; and Private Joseph probability in the neighborhood of 690 Explore the Trail! Plan your trip! Whitehouse wrote that it consisted of eight pounds – considerably more than the 44 Create and export your own custom maps. sections. Thus, the boat turned out to be pounds, or 99 pounds, so long ensconced in Dynamically display dozens of map layers, including the historic somewhat shorter than the 40 feet Lewis the surprisingly durable myth. listed in his inventory, and it definitely route and campsites of the Corps of Discovery, river channels, tribal contained considerably more than the two That should end the myth of Captain Lewis’s homelands, auto tours, visitor centers, historic sites, and more. sections tested at Harpers Ferry. “ultra-light collapsible iron boat,” but it probably will stick around a while longer www.lewisandclarktrailmap.com Using the aforementioned set of data, Jordan given its tenacious grip on the popular Tutorials Trail Information by extrapolation persuasively deduced imagination and given the usual difficulty of the likely weight and dimensions of “the getting factual corrections into circulation. ■ www.youtube.com/lewisandclarknhtnps www.nps.gov/lecl
Sources: Stephen E. Ambrose, Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson and the Opening of the American West (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996).
Verne Huser, On the River with Lewis and Clark (College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 2004).
Donald Jackson, ed., Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, with Related Documents, 1783-1854, 2nd ed. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978), pp. 38-40.
Mark W. Jordan, “Meriwether Lewis’s Ingenious Iron Boat,” We Proceeded On (Great Falls, MT: Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, May 2003), pp. 25-35.
Gary E. Moulton, ed., The Journals of the Lewis & Clark Expedition (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983-2001), vol. 4, (Lewis), pp. 329-369; vol. 11 (Whitehouse), pp. 38-40.
16 The Trail Companion Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail 17 Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation Annouces Recipients by Margaret Gorski, President LCTHF and Chair of the Bicentennial Trail Stewardship Advisory Committee Congratulations to: Chapter/Organization State Grant/Project Name Amount The Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, trail maintenance, to the development of Carolina Chapter NC Fort Southwest Point’s Link to L&C $7,500 headquartered in Great Falls, Montana, is pleased interpretive signs and smart phone applications Expedition; Interpretive Signs to announce this year’s grant recipients for the to enhance the reach of Lewis and Clark Columbia Gorge Interpretive WA Traveling Trunk; Program Support $1,000 Bicentennial Trail Stewardship Endowment: information to younger students of the Lewis Center A National Council of the Lewis and Clark and Clark story and in locations where there is Headwaters Chapter MT Missouri Headwaters State Park Interpretive $7,500 Expedition Bicentennial Legacy Project. Ten grants currently no “on the ground” interpretation. Relief Map Project; Interpretive Sign have been awarded, for a total of $52,150 from Idaho Chapter ID Lolo Trail Volunteer Maintenance; Trail $5,000 the Endowment. “I am so pleased that the Lewis and Clark Trail Work Heritage Foundation is able to contribute L & C Fort Mandan ND Public Education and Interpretation ND/SD; $7,500 During the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial, the U.S. to projects that furthers the mission of the Foundation Trail/Tourism Marketing Mint issued and sold Lewis and Clark Expedition Foundation to preserve, promote, and teach the Manitou Bluffs Chapter SD Media Projects for Education; Website/ $3,545 Bicentennial Commemorative Silver Dollars. diverse heritage of Lewis and Clark for the benefit Programs Some of the proceeds from the sale of the coins of all people.” said Margaret Gorski, President of MRB Lewis & Clark Interp. NE Navigating the Missouri River in 1804; $4,000 were provided to the Lewis and Clark Trail the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation. Center Exhibitry Software Development Heritage Foundation to create an Endowment “I am particularly pleased to see so many quality Natchez Trace Parkway TN Meriwether Lewis Media Interpretation; $6,000 for the purpose of preservation, protection, and project applications this year that carry out the Association Smartphone Applications interpretation of the natural, historic, educational, intent of the Trail Stewardship Endowment to Ohio River Chapter WV Marking of the Ohio River Corridor Signing $7,500 and cultural resources of the Lewis and Clark preserve, protect, and interpret the resources Rochejhone Chapter MT Clark Canoe Camp Archaeology $2,600 National Historic Trail. along the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail.” Ten grants were awarded to 6 chapters of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation The deadline for grant applications is October and 4 other non-profit associations for projects 1 for this annual program. For further at various locations along the Lewis and Clark information on the Lewis and Clark Trail National Historic Trail and with the Eastern Heritage Foundation and the Bicentennial Trail Legacy. The projects are located in 9 different Stewardship Endowment Program, visit states and range from trail marking and historic www.lewisandclark.org. ■
18 The Trail Companion Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail 19 Lewis and Clark Brochure Partner Networking "Let Me Show You..." and Data Collection Portal “Where did Lewis and Clark start their features chronologically dated snippets of Give it a Try! expedition?” “How many men were on the the expedition, answering many of the main expedition?” questions visitors “Where did ask (along with they spend creating the desire National Park Service the winters?” to learn more). U.S. Department of the Interior “Where are the Visitor centers Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail visitor centers can order Lewis along the trail?” and Clark NHT If your visitor brochures free of
center staff are charge from Trail recipients of Headquarters. What Do You and Lewis and Clark Have in Common? They Recorded Statistics and So Do You! such questions Brochures come in and would like boxes of 500 and Lewis and Clark National Historic Trial announces the newly developed Partner Networking and Data Collection Portal which was designed for partner organizations to collect data for various visitor statistics to have not are limited to two and volunteer hours. The Portal is a free, secure, web-based system accessible to program managers, partner only a map but boxes per visitor organizations and volunteers. The Portal’s primary purpose is to provide Lewis and Clark organizations with a systematic process for entering statistics, networking with trail sites, and resource a cliff notes center, based on sharing. version of the availability. Smaller Access, maintain, and update records quickly Lewis and Clark Expedition, the Lewis amounts can be requested to To Establish Your Account and to Get Started Create professional reports Recording Your Statistics Contact: and Clark National Historic Trail meet your needs. Reduce the amount of data entry time Record hours Nichole McHenry (NHT) official map and guide is Recruitment Volunteer Program Manager the perfect solution for you. To have brochures Special Program announcements [email protected] (402) 661-1810 shipped to you, please
One side of the fold-out email LECL_Information@ Partner Networking and Data Collection Portal brochure highlights nps.gov, or call 402-661-1804 Software Designed with The Partner in Mind the trail route, and provide number of brochures showcasing desired and visitor center address. the visitor centers, tribes, Next time a visitor would like to know river tributaries and where the headwaters of the Missouri River modern cities along are, you can pull out the brochure and say, the trail. The other side “Let me show you…” ■
20 The Trail Companion Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail 21 This Could Be Subscribe or Update Your Profile YOU! to Stay Informed by This Could Be You, Manager In an effort to better serve you, we are taking will ensure that we can reach you effectively. steps to improve our mailing list. To conserve Please take this opportunity to either resouces, much of our communication subscribe or update your contact information efforts have transitioned to digital format. and provide us with your interests. Periodically we still send hardcopy For questions, contact Karla Sigala, Editor announcements on various topics. Having an at (402) 661-1826 or at: accurate email and surface mailing address [email protected].
Click Here to Subscribe or Update Your Profile
your e-mail address
Do You Have a Fort Osage National Historic Landmark. Sibley, Missouri. NPS Photo. This could be a photo of YOUR site! Passport Stamp? “Excuse me, do you have a passport stamp?” You may not work for Would you like to contribute an article or We will be happy to accept your article for customs in a foreign country, but chances are if your site is in on the feature to The Trail Companion? Share your consideration in future issues. The Trail Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, you have been asked this event, your scholarship, or a little something Companion is published quarterly in February, question. And if you haven’t been, you will be! about your Lewis and Clark related site with May, August, and November. ■ The National Park Passport books are a growing trend, and more our readers. and more visitors are seeking cancellations for their books. Your site can become a part of this experience by having its own, personalized cancellation stamp. The stamp will say “Lewis and For more information and details, please contact Karla Sigala at (402) 661-1826 or by email at: Clark National Historic Trail,” and have your location and the [email protected]. current date on it. Even if you just need a replacement, just let us know!
If you’re interested in obtaining a stamp, please contact Lewis and Clark NHT Interpretive Specialist Karla Sigala at 402-661-1826 or via email at [email protected].
22 The Trail Companion Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail 23 Tracing the courses of the Missouri and Columbia Rivers, the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail stretches through 11 states. The Trail winds over mountains, along rivers, through plains and high deserts, and extends to the wave-lapped Pacific coast. In this diversity of landscapes, visitors to the Trail create their own journeys of discovery.
Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail 601 Riverfront Drive Omaha, Nebraska 68102
Phone 402 661-1804 - visitor center 402 661-1814 - administration
E-mail [email protected] Internet www.nps.gov/lecl
Visitor Center at Trail Headquarters
Summer Hours May through October • Monday - Friday, 8 am to 5 pm • Saturday - Sunday, 9 am to 5 pm
Winter Hours November through April • Monday - Friday, 8 am to 4:30 pm • Saturday - Sunday, Closed
The Trail Companion
Superintendent, Mark Weekley
Columns: Trailhead, Neal Bedlan Trailscapes, Ryan Cooper Volunteers in Action, Nichole McHenry
Would you like to contribute an article or feature to The Trail Companion? Share the good work you are doing.
We will be happy to accept your article for consideration in future issues. The Trail Companion is published quarterly in February, May, August, and November.
Please contact the Editor, Karla Sigala at: [email protected]
Missouri River at sunset. Great Falls, Montana