Grass Subfamilies I

Grass Subfamilies

Soreng et al. 2015 Grass Subfamilies

subfamily names end in “-oideae”

Grass Subfamilies • 12 subfamilies –51 tribes • 771 genera –12,000 species Grass Subfamilies

Streptochaeta

Anomochloa Anomochloideae

• Anomochloa – Perennial – Rhizomatous – Herbaceous – Leaves with pseudopetioles – Bracts containing 2-5 spikelets – glumes seem to be missing – Stamens 4, Stigmas 1 – Fruits to 10 mm long, embryo nearly as long – From tropical America (Brazil) Anomochloa Streptochaeta • Perennial • Rhizomatous • Herbaceous • Pseudopetioles • Spikelets unconventional (with 5 spirally arranged, dentate ‘bracts’ (?glumes, sometimes with axillary buds), a sixth makes a very long, coiled awn, • lemma, palea and lodicules absent • Stamens 6, styles 3 Streptochaeta Streptochaeta Grass Subfamilies

1. Anomochlooideae 7. Micraioideae 2. Aristidoideae 8. Oryzoideae 3. Arundinoideae 9. Panicoideae 4. Bambusoideae 10. Pharoideae 5. Chloridoideae 11. Puelioideae 6. Danthonioideae 12. Pooideae Subfamily Pharoideae • Pharus – Perennial – Rhizomatous – Herbaceous – Monoecious – Staminate florets with2 glumes and 6 stamens – Pistillate florets with 2-several glumes, 3 stigmas – Uncinate (hooked) hairs – 6 species from tropical America Pharus Pharus Grass Subfamilies

• 2 genera, Puelia and Guaduella • Perennial • Rhizomatous • Herbaceous • Pseudopetioles • Spikelets with 2 glumes and several florets • Tropical Africa Puelioideae

Puelia Guaduella Grass Subfamilies

• Perennial • Rhizomatous • Woody or herbaceous • Usually pseudopetioles • Glumes 0-2 • Spikelets bisexual or unisexual • Spikelets with 1-many florets • Anthers 2,3,6 or up to 120! • Two tribes: Bambuseae (woody), Olyreae (herbaceous) • 3 species native to North America Bambusoideae

Bambusoideae

• 50+ genera • > 1000 species • Small herbaceous to 120 ft (Dendrocalamus) • Occur from sea level to 13,000 feet • Phyllostachys grows 4 feet in 24 hours • Estimate that more people live in bamboo houses than any other type • Various earthquakes– bamboo houses withstand shaking, concrete houses do not • Blooming at regular intervals 1-120 years • Mostly monocarpic (bloom once and die)