Grass Subfamilies Soreng et al. 2015 Grass Subfamilies subfamily names end in “-oideae” Grass Subfamilies • 12 subfamilies –51 tribes • 771 genera –12,000 species Grass Subfamilies 1. Anomochlooideae 7. Micraioideae 2. Aristidoideae 8. Oryzoideae 3. Arundinoideae 9. Panicoideae 4. Bambusoideae 10. Pharoideae 5. Chloridoideae 11. Puelioideae 6. Danthonioideae 12. Pooideae Grass Subfamilies 1. Anomochlooideae 7. Micraioideae 2. Aristidoideae 8. Oryzoideae 3. Arundinoideae 9. Panicoideae 4. Bambusoideae 10. Pharoideae 5. Chloridoideae 11. Puelioideae 6. Danthonioideae 12. Pooideae Subfamily Anomochloideae Anomochloideae Streptochaeta Anomochloa Anomochloideae • Anomochloa – Perennial – Rhizomatous – Herbaceous – Leaves with pseudopetioles – Bracts containing 2-5 spikelets – glumes seem to be missing – Stamens 4, Stigmas 1 – Fruits to 10 mm long, embryo nearly as long – From tropical America (Brazil) Anomochloa Streptochaeta • Perennial • Rhizomatous • Herbaceous • Pseudopetioles • Spikelets unconventional (with 5 spirally arranged, dentate ‘bracts’ (?glumes, sometimes with axillary buds), a sixth makes a very long, coiled awn, • lemma, palea and lodicules absent • Stamens 6, styles 3 Streptochaeta Streptochaeta Grass Subfamilies 1. Anomochlooideae 7. Micraioideae 2. Aristidoideae 8. Oryzoideae 3. Arundinoideae 9. Panicoideae 4. Bambusoideae 10. Pharoideae 5. Chloridoideae 11. Puelioideae 6. Danthonioideae 12. Pooideae Subfamily Pharoideae • Pharus – Perennial – Rhizomatous – Herbaceous – Monoecious – Staminate florets with2 glumes and 6 stamens – Pistillate florets with 2-several glumes, 3 stigmas – Uncinate (hooked) hairs – 6 species from tropical America Pharus Pharus Grass Subfamilies 1. Anomochlooideae 7. Micraioideae 2. Aristidoideae 8. Oryzoideae 3. Arundinoideae 9. Panicoideae 4. Bambusoideae 10. Pharoideae 5. Chloridoideae 11. Puelioideae 6. Danthonioideae 12. Pooideae Subfamily Pueloideae • 2 genera, Puelia and Guaduella • Perennial • Rhizomatous • Herbaceous • Pseudopetioles • Spikelets with 2 glumes and several florets • Tropical Africa Puelioideae Puelia Guaduella Grass Subfamilies 1. Anomochlooideae 7. Micraioideae 2. Aristidoideae 8. Oryzoideae 3. Arundinoideae 9. Panicoideae 4. Bambusoideae 10. Pharoideae 5. Chloridoideae 11. Puelioideae 6. Danthonioideae 12. Pooideae Subfamily Bambusoideae • Perennial • Rhizomatous • Woody or herbaceous • Usually pseudopetioles • Glumes 0-2 • Spikelets bisexual or unisexual • Spikelets with 1-many florets • Anthers 2,3,6 or up to 120! • Two tribes: Bambuseae (woody), Olyreae (herbaceous) • 3 species native to North America Bambusoideae Bambusoideae • 50+ genera • > 1000 species • Small herbaceous to 120 ft (Dendrocalamus) • Occur from sea level to 13,000 feet • Phyllostachys grows 4 feet in 24 hours • Estimate that more people live in bamboo houses than any other type • Various earthquakes– bamboo houses withstand shaking, concrete houses do not • Blooming at regular intervals 1-120 years • Mostly monocarpic (bloom once and die).