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Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Rev. Biol. Trop. 52(1): 109-114, 2004 www.ucr.ac.cr www.ots.ac.cr www.ots.duke.edu Description of the female and male of Mycetarotes carinatus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Antonio José Mayhé-Nunes1 & Adriana Maria Lanziotti2 1 Departamento de Biologia Animal. Instituto de Biologia. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal. Instituto de Biologia. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil; [email protected] Received 20-IX-2001. Corrected 30-VI-2002. Accepted 20-VII-2002. Abstract: We describe the female and male of the Neotropical fungus-growing ant Mycetarotes carinatus, hith- erto only known from type locality, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, based on samples of workers. The sexual forms were obtained from a nest maintained in the laboratory. The samples found in Minas Gerais state, expand the geographic distribution of the species. We illustrate the external architecture of the nest of M. carinatus. Key words: Brazil, Attini, fungus-growing ant, nest, taxonomy. The taxonomy of ants is usually based on ber was found at a shallow depth (Schoereder the worker caste, described in about 92% of pers. com.). After six months in the laboratory the total of catalogued species of Attini we obtained more males and also females, (Kempf 1972, Brandão 1991, Bolton 1995). described in this work. Moreover, this discov- However, nearly 46% of these ant species are ery expands the geographic distribution of M. only known from worker, with no record of carinatus, hitherto known only from type sexual forms. Produced exclusively in periodi- locality, and it was possible to remark on the cal cycles, when leave their nests in nuptial unknown external architecture of its nest. flights for mating, males and females are found The descriptions of the ants were partially with lower frequency than workers, suggesting based on Emery (1905) and Kempf (1961), the the necessity of more studies involving alates first authors who described sexual forms of to fill this lacuna of knowledge. Concerning Mycetarotes. The terminology for the charac- the genus Mycetarotes, just one species, M. ters of the alitrunk was based on Wheeler parallelus, had female and male described, by (1925). Some terms needed modernization and Emery (1905) and Kempf (1961), respectively. we follow Hölldobler and Wilson (1990) and Mycetarotes carinatus was described Bolton (1994). based on workers from a county of Rio de The specimens examined were labeled as Janeiro state (Mayhé-Nunes 1995). After the Viçosa, Mata da Biologia, MG, BRA, description was published we received a live 2.iv.1996, J.H. Schoereder leg. ~700m alt. nest with some males of this species from (#225 Mayhé’s notebook), and were deposited Minas Gerais state, collected by José Henrique in the following Brazilian institutions: 10 Schoereder in the Campus of the Universidade males and 5 females in the CECL - Coleção Federal de Viçosa. Entomológica Angelo Moreira da Costa Lima The nest was inside a secondary forest in (at the institution of the senior author); 2 males clay soil on a human trail, and a single cham- and 2 females in the MZSP - Museu de 110 REVISTA DE BIOLOGÍA TROPICAL Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (São curved carinae. Antenna with 11 segments; Paulo, SP); 1 male and 1 female in the MNRJ scape surpassing occipital corner by nearly 1/3 - Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de of length, longer than funicular segments I-III Janeiro, RJ). combined; funicular segment I longer than II. The abbreviations for the measurements Occipital corner tridentate. Occipital margin are: TL, total length; HL, maximum length of notched in middle. cephalic capsule (without mandibles); HW, Alitrunk: (Figs. 2 and 3) Pronotum with head width (including eyes); DE maximum pair of strong and blunt humeral spines, out diameter of eyes; IFW, inter frontal width (dis- and forwards directed, and with pair of inferi- tance between the lateral margins of frontal or spines down and forwards pointed, similar lobes); ScL, scape length; TrL, alitrunk length to the humeral ones. Scutum without notable (= Weber’s length); LFw, length of fore wing; large divisions; anterior margin with small LHw, length of hind wing. notch and narrow and short furrow on each side; median posterior portion superficially impressed; parapsidial furrow visible in dorsal Mycetarotes carinatus view, parapsis weakly excavate, with outer Mayhé-Nunes, 1995 margin transformed into low ridge. (Figs. 1-11) Mesothoracic paraptera deeply impressed in middle, with rounded lateral margin. Mycetarotes carinatus Mayhé-Nunes, Scutellum with pair of longitudinal tubercles 1995:200-202, fig. 3 a-b (worker; Brazil: on each side, finishing posteriorly in pair of Engenheiro Paulo de Frontin, Rio de Janeiro; short and blunt spines. Metathoracic paraptera key; nest). similar to those of male. Propodeum with rounded lateral margins in dorsal view and Description of the female with pair of small tubercles, between basal and declivitous faces. Measures (in mm): TL 3.1; HL 0.85; HW Waist and gaster: (Figs. 2 and 3) 0.88; DE 0.18; IFW 0.41; ScL 0.74; TrL 1.11; Dorsum of petiole with pair of blunt tubercles. LFw 3.29; LHw 2.45. Body light brown, with Postpetiole broader than petiole, in dorsal head front slightly darker; inconspicuous and view, shallowlly impressed above, with the appressed minute hairs; integument finely posterior margin largely notched. First gastric granulated. tergite with four longitudinal ridges, the later- Head: (Fig. 1) Mandible finely striated on al ones matched with lateral margin of the dorsal surface; masticatory margin with five sclerite. teeth; external margin slightly sinuous. Median Wings: (Figs. 4 and 5) Wings microscop- margin of clypeus moderately convex, without ically hairy and infuscated. Fore wing with anterior notch; surface of clypeus with two four closed cells (sub-marginal, costal, median small lateral tubercles, between its anterior and submedian); marginal cell open. margin and base of frontal lobe. Frontal lobe Pterostigma conspicuous. Hind wing with five subtriangular, rather rounded and outwards veins, without closed cells; six hamuli on ante- directed. Frontal carina attaining the occiput, rior margin. divided above the eye in two branches, the Comments: The principal characters that outer stem finishing in blunt spine. Preocular separate the two hitherto known females of carina curved above eye, not reaching frontal Mycetarotes are: (1) Presence of two anterior carina. Compound eye convex, placed close to teeth of the occipital corners relatively more middle of side of head, surpassing slightly its prominent than in M. parallelus. (2) Apical lateral margin. Three ocelli on vertex (two lat- teeth of the mandibles similar in size to the eral and one median) bordered by short and sub-apical ones; longer in M. parallelus. (3) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 111 Fig. 1. Female of Mycetarotes carinatus; head in frontal view (scale bar = 1mm). Figs. 2-3. Female of Mycetarotes carina- tus. 2) Alitrunk, petiole, postpetiole, and part of the first gastric segment, in dorsal view; 3) Idem in lateral view (scale bar = 1mm). Figs. 4-5. Female of Mycetarotes carinatus. 4) Fore wing; 5) Hind wing (scale bar = 1mm). Head almost as long as broad; longer than lelus laterally expanded on its posterior half. broad in M. parallelus. (4) Pair of blunt dorsal (6) Propodeum with a pair of small projections projections on petiole; acute in M. parallelus. tubercle-like; prominent and strong spines in (5) Lateral margins of postpetiole without lat- M. parallelus. (7) First gastric tergite with four eral expansions in dorsal view; in M. paral- longitudinal ridges; absent in M. parallelus. 112 REVISTA DE BIOLOGÍA TROPICAL Description of the male short, slender and blunt spines. Metathoracic paraptera concealed by scutellum in dorsal Measures (in mm): TL 3.9; HL 0.65; HW view. Propodeum with the lateral margins 0.89; DE 0.34; IFW 0.21; ScL 0.62; TrL 1.38; angulated in dorsal view and with pair of LFw 2.98; LHw 2.07. The body is dark brown, small projections, between basal and declivi- with black head; inconspicuous and appressed tous faces. minute hairs; integument finely reticulated, Waist and gaster: (Figs. 7 and 8) Dorsum with rugulae on some parts of head and of petiole with pair of blunt tubercles. In dor- alitrunk. sal view, postpetiole just broader than petiole, Head: (Fig. 6) Mandible striated on dorsal shallowly impressed, with the posterior margin surface and fully punctuated; masticatory mar- notched. First gastric tergite with median gin with only two apical teeth; external margin impression and four ridges, the two lateral straight with the apex curved inwards, with ridges more notables than two median ones. head in full-face view. Median margin of Wings: (Figs. 9 and 10) Wings micro- clypeus moderately convex, without anterior scopically hairy and infuscated. Fore wing notch; surface of clypeus with two minute lat- with three closed cells (marginal, submarginal eral tubercles, between anterior margin and and costal); median and sub-median cells par- base of frontal lobe, followed above, in the tially open. Pterostigma conspicuous. Hind median region, by wide and transversally wing with five veins, without closed cells; six vaulted furrow. Frontal lobe laterally rounded hamuli on anterior margin. and dorsally forwards pointed. Frontal carina Comments: Two distinctive characters of short, rather straight, obliquely directed medi- the female of M. carinatus are also observed in ally. Preocular carina curved above eye, not the male of this species: propodeal projections attaining the vertex. Compound eye very large and longitudinal ridges of first gastric tergite. and convex, occupying about 2/3 of the side of Other characters are: (1) Antennal scape sur- head. Ocelli inserted on short and cylindrical passing the occipital corner, longer than funic- projections.
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