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Psyche Advances in Neotropical Myrmecology Guest Editors: Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie, Fernando Fernández, and Jonathan Majer Advances in Neotropical Myrmecology Psyche Advances in Neotropical Myrmecology Guest Editors: Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie, Fernando Fernandez,´ and Jonathan Majer Copyright © 2012 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Psyche.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Arthur G. Appel, USA John Heraty, USA Mary Rankin, USA Guy Bloch, Israel DavidG.James,USA David Roubik, USA D. Bruce Conn, USA Russell Jurenka, USA Coby Schal, USA G. B. Dunphy, Canada Bethia King, USA James Traniello, USA JayD.Evans,USA Ai-Ping Liang, China Martin H. Villet, South Africa Brian Forschler, USA Robert Matthews, USA William T. Wcislo, Panama Howard S. Ginsberg, USA Donald Mullins, USA DianaE.Wheeler,USA Abraham Hefetz, Israel Subba Reddy Palli, USA Contents Advances in Neotropical Myrmecology, Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie, Fernando Fernandez,´ and Jonathan Majer Volume 2012, Article ID 286273, 3 pages Tatuidris kapasi sp. nov.: A New Armadillo Ant from French Guiana (Formicidae: Agroecomyrmecinae), Sebastien´ Lacau, Sarah Groc, Alain Dejean, Muriel L. de Oliveira, and Jacques H. C. Delabie Volume 2012, Article ID 926089, 6 pages Ants as Indicators in Brazil: A Review with Suggestions to Improve the Use of Ants in Environmental Monitoring Programs, Carla R. Ribas, Renata B. F. Campos, Fernando A. Schmidt, and Ricardo R. C. Solar Volume 2012, Article ID 636749, 23 pages Annual and Seasonal Changes in the Structure of Litter-Dwelling Ant Assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Atlantic Semideciduous Forests,Flavio´ Siqueira de Castro, Alexandre Bahia Gontijo, Paulo de Tarso Amorim Castro, and Servio´ Pontes Ribeiro Volume 2012, Article ID 959715, 12 pages Contribution of Cytogenetics to the Debate on the Paraphyly of Pachycondyla spp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae),Clea´ dos Santos Ferreira Mariano, Silvia das Graas Pompolo, Janisete Gomes Silva, and Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie Volume 2012, Article ID 973897, 9 pages Ant Community Structure (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Two Neighborhoods with Different Urban Profiles in the City of Sao˜ Paulo, Brazil, Alcione Piva and Ana Eugeniaˆ de Carvalho Campos Volume 2012, Article ID 390748, 8 pages The Ant Genus Dorymyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) in Colombia, FabianaCuezzoandRobertoJ.Guerrero Volume 2012, Article ID 516058, 24 pages Effects of the Heterogeneity of the Landscape and the Abundance of Wasmannia auropunctata on Ground Ant Assemblages in a Colombian Tropical Dry Forest, Rafael Achury, Patricia Chacon´ de Ulloa, and Angela´ Arcila Volume 2012, Article ID 960475, 12 pages Behavioral Differentiation and Ovarian Development of Unmated Gynes, Queens, and Workers of Ectatomma vizottoi Almeida 1987 (Formicidae, Ectatomminae), Alexsandro Santana Vieira, Wedson Desiderio´ Fernandes, and William Fernando Antonialli-Junior Volume 2012, Article ID 349896, 8 pages Removal of Nonmyrmecochorous Seeds by Ants: Role of Ants in Cattle Grasslands, Selene Escobar-Ram´ırez, Sebastian´ Duque, Natalia Henao, Alejandra Hurtado-Giraldo, and Inge Armbrecht Volume 2012, Article ID 951029, 8 pages Tree-Dwelling Ants: Contrasting Two Brazilian Cerrado Plant Species without Extrafloral Nectaries, Jonas Maravalhas, Jacques H. C. Delabie, Rafael G. Macedo, and Helena C. Morais Volume 2012, Article ID 172739, 6 pages Poneromorph Ants Associated with Parasitoid Wasps of the Genus Kapala Cameron (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) in French Guiana, Jean-Paul Lachaud, Philippe Cerdan, and Gabriela Perez-Lachaud´ Volume 2012, Article ID 393486, 6 pages Evidence of Competition Between Two Canopy Ant Species: Is Aggressive Behavior Innate or Shaped by a Competitive Environment?,Nadia´ Barbosa do Esp´ırito Santo, Servio´ Pontes Ribeiro, and Juliane Floriano Santos Lopes Volume 2012, Article ID 609106, 8 pages Subterranean Pitfall Traps: Is It Worth Including Them in Your Ant Sampling Protocol?, Renata Pacheco and Heraldo L. Vasconcelos Volume 2012, Article ID 870794, 9 pages The Ant Genus Sphinctomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Cerapachyinae) in the Neotropical Region, with the Description of Two New Species, Rodrigo M. Feitosa, Carlos Roberto F. Brandao,˜ Fernando Fernandez,´ and Jacques C. H. Delabie Volume 2012, Article ID 342623, 9 pages Community Structure of Leaf-Litter Ants in a Neotropical Dry Forest: A Biogeographic Approach to Explain Betadiversity,RogrioSilvestre,ManoelF.Demetrio,´ and Jacques H. C. Delabie Volume 2012, Article ID 306925, 15 pages Division of Labor in Pachycondyla striata Fr. Smith, 1858 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae), Adolfo da Silva-Melo and Edilberto Giannotti Volume 2012, Article ID 153862, 7 pages Evaluation of the Toxicity of Virola sebifera Crude Extracts, Fractions and Isolated Compounds on the Nest of Leaf-Cutting Ants, Keylla Utherdyany Bicalho, Ana Paula Terezan, Denise Cristina Martins, Ta´ıs Garcia Freitas, Joao˜ Batista Fernandes, Maria Fatima´ das Grac¸as Fernandes da Silva, Paulo Cezar Vieira, Fernando Carlos Pagnocca, and Odair Correaˆ Bueno Volume 2012, Article ID 785424, 7 pages Leafcutter Ant Nests Inhibit Low-Intensity Fire Spread in the Understory of Transitional Forests at the Amazon’s Forest-Savanna Boundary, Karine S. Carvalho, Ane Alencar, Jennifer Balch, and Paulo Moutinho Volume 2012, Article ID 780713, 7 pages Chemical Recruitment for Foraging in Ants (Formicidae) and Termites (Isoptera): A Revealing Comparison,KlausJaffe, Solange Issa, and Cristina Sainz-Borgo Volume 2012, Article ID 694910, 11 pages Effects of the Trophobiont Herbivore Calloconophora pugionata (Hemiptera) on Ant Fauna Associated with Myrcia obovata (Myrtaceae) in a Montane Tropical Forest, Roberth Fagundes, Kleber Del-Claro, and Servio´ Pontes Ribeiro Volume 2012, Article ID 783945, 8 pages Geographic Spread of Gnamptogenys triangularis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae), Joseph A. MacGown and James K. Wetterer Volume 2012, Article ID 571430, 4 pages Nest Digging by Leaf-Cutting Ants: Effect of Group Size and Functional Structures, Roberto da Silva Camargo, Ricardo Toshio Fujihara, and Luiz Carlos Forti Volume 2012, Article ID 426719, 4 pages Plant Killing by Mutualistic Ants Increases the Density of Host Species Seedlings in the Dry Forest of Costa Rica, Sabrina Amador-Vargas Volume 2012, Article ID 491592, 6 pages Comparative Immature Morphology of Brazilian Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Solenopsis), Eduardo Gonalves Paterson Fox, Daniel Russ Solis, Monicaˆ Lanzoni Rossi, Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie, Rodrigo Fernando de Souza, and Odair Correa Bueno Volume 2012, Article ID 183284, 10 pages First Record of Lenomyrmex inusitatus (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Ecuador and Description of the Queen, T. Delsinne and F. Fernandez´ Volume 2012, Article ID 145743, 5 pages Distribution and Diversity of the Cryptic Ant Genus Oxyepoecus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Paraguay with Descriptions of Two New Species, T. Delsinne, W. Mackay, A. Wild, Y. Roisin, and M. Leponce Volume 2012, Article ID 594302, 8 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2012, Article ID 286273, 3 pages doi:10.1155/2012/286273 Editorial Advances in Neotropical Myrmecology Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie,1 Fernando Fernandez,´ 2 and Jonathan Majer3 1 Laboratorio´ de Mirmecologia, Convˆenio CEPLAC-UESC, Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau, CP 7, 45500-000 Itabuna, BA, Brazil 2 Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogota,´ Colombia 3 Curtin Institute for Biodiversity and Climate, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia Correspondence should be addressed to Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie, [email protected] Received 30 November 2011; Accepted 30 November 2011 Copyright © 2012 Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...I believe Myrmecology is even more significant Nevada de Santa Marta region in the northeast of Colombia, for tropical ecology than Ornithology, because the where they subsequently accumulated ant observations and impact of ants in tropical habitats is tremendous. experiences which they will use throughout their lives. In addition ants served for many disciplines as Interestingly, all the three produced independent memories model systems, for example, Sociobiology, Com- of the Colombian expedition ([6, 7], Santschi’s notes in munication Biology, Chemical Ecology, and [8]). Other important contributors to earlier Neotropical in recent years ants and other social insects myrmecology in the XIX and XX centuries were the German have become model organisms for the study of mycologist Alfred Moller¨ in southern Brazil and Franciscan ... Epigenetics (Bert Holldobler¨ in a message priests Thomas Borgmeier and Walter Kempf; the Brazilians sent to the organizers of the XX Simposio´ de Herman Luederwaldt, Karol Lenko, Mario Autuori, Elp´ıdio Mirmecologia (2011) which was held at Amante, and Cincinnato Rory Gonc¸alves; the Argentineans Petropolis,´ Brazil) Carlos Bruch, Angel Gallardo, and Nicolas Kusnezov; and the North Americans William