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South Sudan Food Security, Nutrition And

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South Sudan Food Security, Nutrition And South Sudan Food Security, Nutrition and Market Update Volume: 029 Month: February - April Release Date: March 2020 FOOD SECURITY SITUATION IN SOUTH SUDAN Highlights: 6.01 million People facing food insecurity (51.4% of the population). High food prices and economic crisis constraining the population to have access to food stuff Low crop production in the post-harvest due to excessive flooding in other part of the country. Nutrition situation at the post-harvest of 2020 to lean season remains deteriorating compared to . same period 2019. Current GAM rate is 12.6 compared to 11.7 in 2019. January 2020 IPC analysis projection estimated, 1.3 million children (6-59months) are likely to suffer from acute malnutrition in 2020. of NBS of FOOD SECURITY OUTLOOK South Sudan food security situation is still deteriorating, although there is improvement in January and February to April, 2020, compared to the same period last year with reduction of 9% in the proportion of population facing crisis or od Security worse acute food Figure 1: Shows Acute Food Security Situation in South Sudan from insecurity. February – April 2020 The improvement is due to decline in conflict events and increase in the Livestock and Fisheries net production of national cereal in 2019/2020 which 3.Ministry of Health. is above and near to five- year average than in 2018/2019. This is due to 2. Ministry of Food Food SecretariatSecurity Technical an increase in land 1. Ministry of Agriculture and Fo cultivated with crop that resulted in high crops yield in areas not directly Collaborating Government South of Sudan Institutions affected by the flood across the country, especially Greater Produced the by Equatoria region, parts of Lakes State and Western Bahr el Ghazal state. According to IPC January analysis, 5.29 million people (45.2%) are facing acute food insecurity. Out of which 1.11 million people faced emergency and about 40,000 people were classified in catastrophe 1 February-April 2020 National Bureau of Statistics (Food security Technical Secretariat) P.O.Box 137, Juba-South Sudan Email:[email protected], website: www.ssnbs.org in counties of Akobo, Duk and Ayod in Jonglei State. In January 2020, IPC analysis projected that between Feb-April 2020, about 6.01 million people (51.4%) is expected to face crisis (IPC phase 3) or worse acute food insecurity situation, with 20,000 people in the counties of Akobo and Duk estimated to be in catastrophe (IPC phase 5). Despite relative improvement in food security, the severity of food insecurity is elevated in areas where flood and localized conflict occurred that lead to displacement of population and disruption of livelihood that has caused significant crop and livestock losses. In addition, the ongoing economic crisis in the country has led to low purchasing power in the households and exacerbated food access and availability for the market dependant households. The map above indicates from February to April 2020, a total of 22 Counties were projected to be in emergency (IPC phase 4), this includes almost all the Counties in Jonglei State with exception of Bor south and Pacholla Counties which are in crisis (IPC phase 3), Seven counties in Upper Nile State, three counties in Lakes State, and one county in the Northern Bahr El Ghazal state, East Equatoria State and Central Equatoria State. There are 50 Counties that are likely to be in crisis (IPC phase 3) across the ten States while 6 Counties were likely to be in Stressed (IPC phase 2). Four of the stressed counties were projected to be in Western Equatoria State, one in Western Bahr el Ghazal State and one in Lakes State. NUTRITION OUTLOOK The general Nutrition situation in South Sudan during the post-harvest period of 2020 is critical and worse with the Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) rate of 12.6% compared to the same period 2019 with Gam rate of 11.7%. According to the January, 2020 IPC analysis, a total of 1.3 million children under five years are expected to suffer from Acute Malnutrition (IPC- Figure 2: Shows Acute Malnutrition in South Sudan from AMN) in 2020. This January – April 2020 estimation was based on SMART nutrition surveys and admission trends for 2019 and the caseload for peak lean season data that provides higher caseload for better informed response planning Based on the IPC analysis results, all the 78 counties from 10 States of South Sudan are included in the Nutrition analysis. Out of the 78 counties of South Sudan, 48 Counties are classified as Serious IPC Acute Malnutrition Phase 3 and above compared 2 February-April 2020 National Bureau of Statistics (Food security Technical Secretariat) P.O.Box 137, Juba-South Sudan Email:[email protected], website: www.ssnbs.org to 42 Counties of the same period last year. Twenty counties are classified as critical IPC-AMN Phase 4 in post-harvest season as compared to 12 counties of the same period in 2019. Improvements in the nutrition situation in South Sudan varies from one County to another across the country. This is especially in the States of Western Bahr el Ghazal and Western Equatoria which have shown substantial seasonal improvement in malnutrition while high malnutrition levels have remained high in the states of Jonglei and Upper Nile respectively. The major drivers of Acute Malnutrition in South Sudan includes; high food insecurity, high morbidity and outbreaks, low dietary diversity in households, suboptimal childcare and infant and young child feeding practices, limited access to basic services and poor infrastructures. Although there is a sign of security situation improvement in the Country during this period of projection with the ongoing implementation of revitalized peace agreement and formation of Transitional Government of National Unity, the IPC-AMN projected that the seasonal situation of acute malnutrition is expected to deteriorate during the lean season due to several factors including the seasonal changes of food access and availability in households, poor childcare and infants and young feeding practices, limited access to basic services due to poor infrastructures, increased morbidity and disease outbreak during rainy season. The IPC Technical Working Group, NITWG (Nutrition Information Working Group) and Nutrition cluster with the relevant government line ministries including key implementing partners namely; FAO, UNICEF and WFP, recommended and urged all the stakeholders to take urgent action to respond to areas of the IPC-AMN Phase 4&3 and scale up to strengthening to existing response capacity and building resilience in areas of IPC-AMN phase 2&1 in addressing the underlying factors/drivers as mentioned above. MARKET OUTLOOK SOUTH SUDAN MARKET PRICE TRENDS MONTHLY BULLETIN Exchange Rate: The South Sudanese currency against USD continued to increase in the last five years. In Juba, the average exchange rate within three months’ period of November 2019 to Jan 2020 continues to increase from 315 to 320 SSP per one US Dollar in the parallel market, while the official rate in Nov was 159.91 and in Jan 2020 was 159.97 SSP per US dollar respectively. Consumer Price Index(CPI) for South Sudan December 2019. Annual Consumer price index The annual growth in the consumer price index for South Sudan increased by 68.3 percent in December 2019 compared to 40.1 percent in December 2018. Food and non-alcoholic beverages increased by 102.1 percent from December 2018 to December 2019, while the prices for health decreased by 61.3 percent. Restaurants and hotels increased by 12.2 percent over the same period. The annual consumer price index decreased in Juba by 30 percent compared to Wau which is 31.7 percent from December 2018 to December 2019 while Malakal increased by 362.2 per cent in the same period respectively. The high prices of food and non- alcoholic beverages were mainly driven by higher price of oil and fats. 3 February-April 2020 National Bureau of Statistics (Food security Technical Secretariat) P.O.Box 137, Juba-South Sudan Email:[email protected], website: www.ssnbs.org Figure3: Juba index and Annual growth, Dec 2019 All Items Index and Juba Index Annual Growth 180.00 160.00 140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 Jan 2019 Jan Oct 2019 Oct Feb 2019 Feb Sep 2019 Sep July 2019 July Dec 2018 Dec Dec 2019 Dec Aug 2019 Aug Nov 2019 Nov Mar 2019 Mar May 2019 May June 2019 June 2019 April South Sudan Juba Source: NBS Figure 4: Month-on-month growth, Dec 2019. Juba,Wau and Malakal indexes Month on Month per cent 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 -20.00 Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 -40.00 -60.00 Juba Wau Malakal -80.00 Source: NBS 4 February-April 2020 National Bureau of Statistics (Food security Technical Secretariat) P.O.Box 137, Juba-South Sudan Email:[email protected], website: www.ssnbs.org Monthly consumer price index. The monthly consumer price index decreased by 6.2% in Juba, and increased by 104.4% in Malakal and 10.1% in Wau respectively. The increased of price for food and non- alcoholic beverages was mainly caused by high price of beverages. South Sudan ten states market price are mainly monitored periodically every week to determine food availability and households’ ability to access food. Cereal prices: Staple cereal prices and other food items were shown in figure 5 and 6, the price of maize and sorghum grains has increased in Upper Nile state, Central Equatoria (CE) state by 66 to 80 percent, while it has remained stable in other states markets.
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