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Original Institutional Economics and Political Anthropology
Original Institutional Economics and Political Anthropology: Reflections on the nature of coercive power and vested interests in the works of Thorstein Veblen and Pierre Clastres Coauthored by: Manuel Ramon de Souza Luz; Faculty of Economics; Federal University ABC; São Paulo, Brazil [email protected] John Hall, Department of Economics, Portland State University; Oregon, USA [email protected] Abstract: Our inquiry advances a comparison of the anthropological content of Thorstein Veblen’s evolutionary perspective with the foundations of the political anthropology drawn from selected works of Pierre Clastres. We seek to establish that what can be referred to as a clastrean reference can simultaneously offer new perspectives on institutionalism, while maintaining a radical and emancipatory understanding of Veblen’s writings. In this sense, we seek to reconsider and reevaluate the role of economic surplus drawn from Veblen’s anthropology, while also offering a general and critical perspective for understanding the emergence of coercive power within societies. (94 words) JEL Classification Codes B15, B25, B41 Key Words: Coercive Power, Original Institutional Economics, Pierre Clastres, Political Anthropology, Thorstein Veblen (Front matter: 169 words) This inquiry considers contributions of Thorstein Veblen by juxtaposing them to selected contributions of Pierre Clastres, a scholar heralded as a founder of French political anthropology. Differing from Veblen, with his backgrounds in Economics and Philosophy, Clastres’ generated an anthropology founded on fieldwork investigations. These investigations abetted his constructing a theoretical synthesis that considers the nature of power and, relatedly, countervailing institutions within selected indigenous societies found across the South American continent. His body of research stresses that the classless and egalitarian character of indigenous societies was not an outcome of the comparatively modest levels of technology and the lack of accumulated surpluses. -
Pierre Clastres As Comparative Political Theorist : the Democratic Potential of the New Political Anthropology
This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Pierre Clastres as comparative political theorist : the democratic potential of the new political anthropology Holman, Christopher 2017 Holman, C. (2017). Pierre Clastres as comparative political theorist : the democratic potential of the new political anthropology. European Journal of Political Theory. doi:10.1177/1474885117729772 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/145146 https://doi.org/10.1177/1474885117729772 © 2017 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. This paper was published in European Journal of Political Theory and is made available with permission of SAGE Publications. Downloaded on 26 Sep 2021 06:51:29 SGT PIERRE CLASTRES AS COMPARATIVE POLITICAL THEORIST: THE DEMOCRATIC POTENTIAL OF THE NEW POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Christopher Holman Advanced publication in European Journal of Political Theory in 2017. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1474885117729772 Introduction: Clastres and the Project of Comparative Political Theory Within the history of 20th century French ideas the philosopher-turned-anthropologist Pierre Clastres holds a significant place.1 In particular, Clastres’ ethnological work detailing the social structure of indigenous Amazonian societies and the political mechanisms through which this structure is instituted – in particular their rejection of coercive power in the name of a principle of equality – influenced a generation of some of the most talented democratic political theorists in France, such -
Thompson 2019-Dissertation Final
The Orphaned Past: Ache Autonomy and Relationality in Times of Change by Warren Thompson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in the University of Michigan 2019 Doctoral Committee Professor Webb Keane, Chair Professor Bruce Mannheim Professor Erik Mueggler Associate Professor Suzanne Oakdale, University of New Mexico Professor Emeritus Thomas Trautmann Warren Thompson [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6963-2175 © Warren Thompson 2019 Acknowledgments The writing of this dissertation was made possible through a Block Grant Write- Up Fellowship and a Rackham Fellowship from the University of Michigan’s Anthropology Department. Research was funded through a doctoral research grant from the Fulbright Institute of International Education, a Rackham International Research Award from the University of Michigan, and two Dokumentation bedrohter Sprachen (DoBeS) grants administered through the Max Plank Institute for Psycholinguistics (MPI) in Nijmegen. I am grateful to these institutions for their support over the years. In particular, I wish to express my gratitude to Jost Gippert and Sebastian Drude for their advice and direction during the DoBeS grants and to Alexander Konig and Nick Wood at the MPI for technical support and the digitalization of a number of near-ruined recordings. The University of Michigan provided a stimulating intellectual environment to work through the ideas of this dissertation. The work of my committee members, Webb Keane, Bruce Mannheim, Erik Mueggler, Suzanne Oakdale, and Tom Trautmann has been an inspiration for my own, and their influence on the pages that follow will be clear to those familiar with their work. -
I MAYA POLITICAL ORGANIZATION DURING THE
MAYA POLITICAL ORGANIZATION DURING THE TERMINAL CLASSIC PERIOD IN THE COCHUAH REGION, QUINTANA ROO, MEXICO, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF A SECONDARY SITE A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Tatiana Zelenetskaya Young July 2016 Examining Committee Members: Anthony Ranere, Advisory Chair, TU Department of Anthropology Michael Stewart, TU Department of Anthropology Patricia Hansell, TU Department of Anthropology Dave Johnstone, co-director of Cochuah Region Archeological Survey Lisa Lucero, External Member, Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign i © Copyright 2016 by TatianaZelenetskayaYoung ii ABSTRACT The dissertation examines the political organization of the ancient Maya during the Terminal Classic Period in the Cochuah Region of Quintana Roo. It evaluates the architecture and site layout of the secondary sites of Sacalaca and San Felipe, and tertiary and quaternary sites surrounding them in order to test political models. Our understanding of the ancient Maya political organization largely comes from Classic Period hieroglyphic texts recorded by Maya kings on public monuments. This reliance on only these kinds of data creates a limitation on the interpretation of political organization, and does not address the local scale of political institution within Maya polities. It also creates the illusion of a centralization of political organization and biases towards primary sites where hieroglyphic monuments are located. The alternative data available for the evaluation of political organization are the regional settlement pattern, individual site layouts and site architecture. Certain types of architecture such as acropoli, mortuary temples, formal plazas and ballcourts, are representative of the institutions of rulership permitting to determine the type of political organization. -
Owh6sigrist 01.Pdf
Christian Sigrist: Segmentary Societies: The Evolution and Actual Relevance of an Interdisciplinary Conception. in: Bernhard Streck (Hg.): Segmentation und Komplementarität. Organisatorische, ökonomische und kulturelle Aspekte der Interaktion von Nomaden und Sesshaften. Beiträge der Kolloquia am 25.10.2002 und 27.06.2003. Halle 2004 (Orientwissenschaftliche Hefte 14; Mitteilungen des SFB „Differenz und Integration“ 6) S. 3–31. © Christian Sigrist 2004 Segmentary Societies: The Evolution and Actual Relevance of an Interdisciplinary Conception* Christian Sigrist 1. The evolution of the conception in a colonial context and its sociological and anthropological roots In the first year of the Second World War Meyer Fortes and Edward Evans-Pritchard published a reader on African Political Systems (APS) as an attempt to bring into focus one of the major problems of “African sociology” (1940: VII): This epistemic designation appears to be remark- able. The editors could have named it as well: African ethnology. The deviation from academic routine corresponded on the one hand to the epistemological orientation of the “British School” of social anthropology. On the other hand, it ostentatively elevated African societies on the same cognitive level as “advanced” industrial societies paying tribute to rising sensitivity among African intellectuals. And thirdly, the title reflects acute political concerns of colonial policy, particularly in the field of indirect rule. The authors drew attention to the contradictory results of British interventions in the domain of indirect rule in different types of societies. Whereas non-centralised societies were exposed to a process of centralisa- tion by the introduction of chieftainship, in the centralised ones the power of traditional chiefs was diminished. -
Social Structure and Conflict
Kinship and Conflict: Evidence from Segmentary Lineage Societies in Sub-Saharan Africa Jacob Moscona*† M.I.T. Nathan Nunn*‡ Harvard University, NBER and BREAD James A. Robinson*§ University of Chicago, NBER, and BREAD 31 July 2019 Abstract: We test the long-standing hypothesis that ethnic groups that are organized around ‘segmentary lineages’ are more prone to conflict. Ethnographic accounts suggest that in segmentary lineage societies, which are characterized by strong allegiances to distant rel- atives, individuals are obligated to come to the aid of fellow lineage members when they become involved in conflicts. As a consequence, small disagreements often escalate to larger-scale conflicts involving many individuals. We test for this link between segmentary lineage and conflict across 145 African ethnic groups in sub-Saharan Africa. Using a number of estimation strategies, including an RD design at ethnic boundaries, we find that segmentary lineage societies experi- ence more conflicts and particularly ones that are retaliatory, long in duration, and large in scale. Key words: Conflict, Civil Conflict, Social Structure, Segmentary Lineage, Kinship jel classification: D74,O55,Z1. *For helpful feedback and comments, the authors thank Jean Ensminger, James Fenske, Francisco Gallego, Joseph Henrich, Saumitra Jha, Sara Lowes, Beatriz Magaloni, Stelios Michalopoulos, Jake Shapiro, Dean Yang, Pierre Louis- Vezina, Scott Walker, and Max Winkler, as well as seminar participants at U.C. Berkeley, University of British Columbia, University of Connecticut, Brown, Chicago Harris, University of Minnesota, M.I.T, U.C. Irvine, Princeton, Simon Fraser, Stanford, and various conferences. We thank Mohammad Ahmad, Aditi Chitkara, Ariel Gomez, Sherif Mabrouk, Matthew Summers, Adam Xu, and Juan Camilo Yamin for excellent research assistance. -
POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY: an Introduction, Third Edition
POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY: An Introduction, Third Edition Ted C. Lewellen PRAEGER Political Anthropology POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY An Introduction Third Edition Ted C. Lewellen Foreword by Victor Turner, Written for the First Edition Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lewellen, Ted C., 1940– Political anthropology : an introduction / Ted C. Lewellen ; foreword to the first edition by Victor Turner.—3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–89789–890–7 (alk. paper)—ISBN 0–89789–891–5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Political anthropology. I. Title. GN492.L48 2003 306.2—dc21 2003052889 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright ᭧ 2003 by Ted C. Lewellen All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2003052889 ISBN: 0–89789–890–7 0–89789–891–5 (pbk.) First published in 2003 Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.praeger.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 CONTENTS Foreword, Written for the First Edition vii Victor Turner Preface ix 1. The Development of Political Anthropology 1 2. Types of Preindustrial Political Systems 15 3. The Evolution of the State 43 4. Religion in Politics: Sacred Legitimacy, Divine Resistance 65 5. Structure and Process 81 6. The Individual in the Political Arena: Action Theory and Game Theory 95 7. -
Social Structure and Conflict
Social Structure and Conflict: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa Jacob Moscona*† M.I.T. Nathan Nunn*‡ Harvard University, NBER and BREAD James A. Robinson*§ University of Chicago, NBER, and BREAD 30 September 2017 Abstract: We test the long-standing hypothesis that ethnic groups that are organized around ‘segmentary lineages’ are more prone to conflict and civil war. Ethnographic accounts suggest that in segmen- tary lineage societies, which are characterized by strong allegiances to distant relatives, individuals are obligated to come to the defense of fellow lineage members when they become involved in conflicts. As a consequence, small disagreements often escalate to larger-scale conflicts involving many individuals. We test for a relationship be- tween segmentary lineage organization and conflict today across 145 African ethnic groups for which data are available. Using a number of estimation strategies, including an RD design at ethnic boundaries, we find evidence that segmentary lineage societies experience significantly more conflict today. In addition, we also find that for segmentary lineage societies, adverse weather shocks are more likely to result in conflict than for non-segmentary lineage societies. Key words: Conflict, Civil War, Social Structure, Segmentary Lineage, Kinship jel classification: D74,O55,Z1. *For helpful feedback and comments, the authors thank Jean Ensminger, Francisco Gallego, Joseph Henrich, and Sara Lowes, as well as seminar participants at UC Berkeley, Brown, Chicago Harris, UC Irvine, Princeton, Stanford, and various conferences. We thank Ariel Gomez of excellent research assistance. †Department of Economics, M.I.T., 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, ma 02142, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]; website: http://economics.mit.edu/graduate/directory). -
Leadership in State Genesis: Creative Vicediction, Guardianship, and the Crystallization of Sovereign Authority
Leadership in State Genesis: Creative Vicediction, Guardianship, and the Crystallization of Sovereign Authority DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Tahseen Kazi Graduate Program in Comparative Studies The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Eugene Holland, Advisor Sonja Amadae Philip Armstrong Mathew Coleman Luis Lobo-Guerrero Copyrighted by Tahseen Kazi 2014 Abstract The complicity of leadership in the genesis of sovereign authority is neglected in contemporary political thought to the detriment of our understanding of both of these concepts. Dissatisfied with contemporary reliance on notions such as sovereign decision which ultimately imply primal repression as the sole source of all authority, my research takes the genesis of sovereignty as a problem to be solved rather than as an unalterable, natural occurrence to be presumed. Drawing on such diverse resources as Foucault’s concept of parrhesia, Weber’s concept of charisma, anthropological and mythological accounts of authority, Simondon’s theory of the genesis of the individual as crystallization, and primarily on Deleuzian philosophy, I offer an account of the genesis of the sovereign state as the result of the conjugation of two modes of leadership: leadership by guardianship and leadership by creative vicediction. Whereas leadership by guardianship in the Platonic tradition makes claim to judgment on the authority of customary founding myths, thereby severely limiting leadership’s transformative potential, leadership by creative vicediction, a ii concept I develop, trespasses on such myths to critically engage with their representation of the present circumstance, and presubjectively and affectively guides others toward another way of being. -
POWER and ITS DISGUISES Anthropological Perspectives on Politics
POWER AND ITS DISGUISES Anthropological Perspectives on Politics Second Edition JOHN GLEDHILL Pluto P Press LONDON • STERLING, VIRGINIA First published 1994 Second Edition 2000 by PLUTO PRESS 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA and 22883 Quicksilver Drive, Sterling, VA 20166–2012, USA www.plutobooks.com Copyright © John Gledhill 1994, 2000 The right of John Gledhill to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7453 1686 7 hbk ISBN 0 7453 1685 9 pbk Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Gledhill, John. Power and its disguises : anthropological perspectives on politics / John Gledhill.—2nd ed. p. cm.—(Anthropology, culture and society) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–7453–1686–7 1. Political anthropology. 2. Power (Social sciences) I. Title. II. Series. GN492.G55 2000 306.2—dc21 00–026069 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 10987654321 Designed and produced for Pluto Press by Chase Production Services Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton Printed in the European Union by TJ International, Padstow CONTENTS Preface to the Second Edition vii 1. Locating the political: a political anthropology for today 1 How not to use the West as a point of departure 8 The distinctiveness of the modern state 15 Wider implications of historical discontinuity 18 Political anthropology reconstituted 20 2. The origins and limits of coercive power: the anthropology of stateless societies 23 The externalization of the political as the negation of power 27 Sexual politics in stateless societies 32 Civilization, mother of barbarism 38 ‘Stateless societies’ under the modern state 41 3. -
Segmentary Versus Centralized States Among the Ancient Maya
Anthropology Faculty Publications Anthropology 12-1-1996 Questions of Political and Economic Integration: Segmentary versus Centralized States Among the Ancient Maya John W. Fox Garrett W. Cook Arlen F. Chase University of Nevada, Las Vegas, [email protected] Diane Z. Chase University of Nevada, Las Vegas, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/anthro_fac_articles Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Repository Citation Fox, J. W., Cook, G. W., Chase, A. F., Chase, D. Z. (1996). Questions of Political and Economic Integration: Segmentary versus Centralized States Among the Ancient Maya. Current Anthropology, 37(5), 795-801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/204563 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Article in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Article has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Questions of Political and Economic Integration: Segmentary Versus Centralized States among the Ancient Maya Author(s): John W. Fox, Garrett W. Cook, Arlen F. Chase and Diane Z. Chase Source: Current Anthropology, Vol. 37, No. -
2 the Origins and Limits of Coercive Power
22 Power and Its Disguises their objectives on a global scale. Though particular situations always reflect the interaction of the local and the global, local social and cultural histories I' now find expression in action in ways that are part of a common experience of modernity. as I stress in Chapter 7. Only concrete, contextualized analysis 2 THE ORIGINS AND LIMITS OF COERCIVE of particular situations will enable us to understand what is happening and POWER: THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF why it is happening (in Europe and the United States as well as other parts of the world). But little that is happening anywhere can be understood STATELESS SOCIETIES without reference to the historical discontinuities produced by the rise of the modern state and modern forms of power. Although Clastres' s polemic against traditional political anthropology would be an appropriate starting-point for a discussion of 'stateless' societies. the late Stanley Diamond advanced a critique of the state which is broader than Clastres's observations about indigenous South American societies. Diamond's 19 51 PhD dissertation was an ethnohistorical study of state formation in the West African kingdom ofDahomey, but his wider paradigm for a 'dialectical anthropology' reflected his New York Jewish background and experience as a volunteer with the British Army during the Second World War in North Africa. There he met Black African 'volunteers' from South Africa. Pressed into service by the South African government through the good offices of chiefly clients of the regime, these men were sent to die in an unknown land in an unknown cause in place of Whites (Gailey 1992: 4).